目的 探討不同水溫對大鼠鼻黏膜的損傷及恢復情況。 方法 126只健康成年SD大鼠隨機分為A、B、C組，每組42只；A組：常溫；B組：50℃；C組：70℃。另設健康成年SD大鼠2只，使用不同溫度生理鹽水滴入實驗組大鼠雙鼻中隔黏膜30次，每分鐘1次。分別于第30分鐘，1、3、7、14、28、42 d各取6只大鼠的刺激區鼻中隔黏膜，對照組取相應區域黏膜制作光、電鏡標本觀察其病理形態學改變。 結果 A組各時間的光鏡下結構正常，在電鏡下1、3 d有輕微改變，7 d后基本恢復。B組第30分鐘、1 d在鏡下有明顯損傷，尤其在3 d達嚴重損傷， 14 d后基本恢復。C組第30分鐘，1、3 d在鏡下表現出嚴重損傷，28 d后有少數恢復，42 d后仍未能完全恢復。 結論 常溫對大鼠鼻黏膜病理形態學改變較輕，恢復時間短。溫度越高、刺激時間越長則病理形態學改變越重，恢復時間越長。
Objective To systematically review the association between periodontal disease during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods PubMed, Web of Science, CBM and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect studies on periodontal disease and GDM from inception to October 23, 2021. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 11 studies were included, involving 2 910 pregnant women. The results of meta-analysis showed that pregnant women with periodontal disease during pregnancy reported more GDM than normal pregnant women (OR=1.81, 95%CI 1.31 to 2.50, P=0.000 3). Conclusion The current evidence suggests that there is a positive association between periodontal disease during pregnancy and the risk of GDM. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.