Objective To summarize recent research progress in hydrogel-based growth factors for treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Methods The relevant literature on hydrogel-based growth factors for IDD treatment at home and abroad was extensively reviewed, and their advantages and therapeutic effects in repairing IDD were analyzed and summarized. Results Hydrogels exhibit high hydration, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, enabling targeted delivery and sustained release of growth factors such as growth differentiation factors and transforming growth factors. This facilitates enhanced efficacy in promoting cell proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, and reducing inflammatory responses. Consequently, hydrogels demonstrate broad application prospects in the repair of IDD. ConclusionResearch on hydrogel-based growth factors for treating IDD demonstrates advantages such as avoiding disc damage caused by repeated injections and controlling growth factor release concentrations. However, drawbacks include the limited variety of loaded growth factors and the need to verify the long-term stability and biocompatibility of hydrogels. Therefore, further research is required on aspects such as the types of loaded growth factors and the long-term stability and biocompatibility of hydrogels to establish an experimental foundation for their clinical application.