Objective To study the relation between retinoblastoma (Rb) gene expression and biological characteristics of gallbladder carcinoma. Methods The expression of Rb protein in tissues of 41 cases of gallbladder carcinoma, 7 cases of gallbladder papilloma, and 14 cases of cholecystitis were detected by immunohistochemical staining of SP with polyclonal antibody. Results The rate of positive staining was 58.7% in gallbladder carcinoma which was significantly lower than that in cholecystitis and gallbladder papilloma (100%). There was a significant difference of Rb protein expression among the low, moderate and high differentiations and so was between S5, S4, S1, S2 and S3 stage (Ｐ＜0.05). Conclusion It sugests that expression or non-expression of Rb gene is closely related to the malignant potential invasiveness and prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.
Objective To explore the value of expression of carcinomaassociated antigens in early diagnosis and predicting prognosis in gallbladder carcinoma. MethodsThe expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA50), Ecadherin (ECD) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 10 cases of cholecystitis, 10 cases of gallbladder adenomas and 50 cases of gallbladder carcinomas were detected by immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe positive rate of CEA, CA50 and PCNA labeling index (LI) in gallbladder carcinomas were significantly higher than that of gallbladder adenomas and cholecystitis (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01). The positive rate of ECD in gallbladder carcinomas, especially with metastasis, was significantly lower than that of gallbladder adenomas and cholecystitis (P＜0.05). The 3year survival rate was significantly lower in gallbladder carcinomas with CEA and PCNA overexpression (P＜0.05), the 3year survival rate in patients with ECD positive tumors was higher than that of those with negative tumors (P＜0.05). Conclusion The detection of CEA, CA50 and PCNA is useful for early diagnosis of malignant change in gallbladder adenomas and gallbladder carcinomas. Therefore, the CEA, PCNA and ECD might be useful for predicting prognosis of gallbladder carcinomas.
Objective To evaluate the expression of cyclin E and p27kip1 protein and their significance in gallbladder carcinoma. Methods SP immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of cyclin E and p27kip1 protein in 41 cases gallbladder carcinomas,15 cases chronic cholecystitis tissues. Results The positive rate of cyclin E in gallbladder carcinoma was 61.0%（25/41）,which was significantly higher than that in chronic cholecystitis (20.0%，3/15)，P＜0.05; The expression of cyclin E positively correlated with tumor TNM staging (r=0.314,P＜0.05). The positive rate of p27kip1 in gallbladder carcinoma was 53.7%(22/41),which was lower than that in chronic cholecystitis (100%). The positive rate of p27kip1 was decreased with the poor differentiation and progression of TNM staging. There was negative correlation between cyclin E and p27kip1 expression (r=-0.342,P＜0.05). Conclusion The high expression of cyclin E and the decreased expression of p27kip1 result in abnomal regulation of cell cycle,which may be associated with gallbladder carcinogenesis and progression.
Objective To summarize the development of gallbladder carcinoma related resistance genes and targeted therapy. Methods Domestic and international publications online involving resistance genes and targeted therapy of gallbladder carcinoma in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results Recent studies had shown that chemotherapy drug resistance of gallbladder carcinoma mainly involved lysosome protein transmembrane β4 （LAPTM4B） gene， NF-E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） gene， and cancer stem cells （CSCs）. While the latest gene targets of treatment for gallbladder carcinoma mainly involved LAPTM4B， Nemo-like kinase （NLK）， tissue factor way inhibitor-2 （TFPI-2）， vascular endothelial growth factor-D （VEGF-D）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7/interleukin 24 （mda-7/IL-24） gene. Conclusion The research involving resistance genes and targeted therapy of gallbladder carcinoma has make a certain progress， which broaden the concept of traditional treatment of gallbladder carcinoma.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expression of tumor growth tactor β1 (TGFβ1) and p27 in gallbladder carcinoma and their relation to the development of the carcinoma. Methods The expression of TGF-β1 and p27 in 36 cases of gallbladder carcinoma was detected by SP immunohistochemical staining. Twenty cases of chronic cholecystitis were collected as control. Results The positive rate of TGF-β1 （63.9%） was higher than that of the control （10.0%），P＜0.05， and the positive rate of p27 (47.2%) was lower than that of the control 100%(P＜0.05). The positive rate of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in metastasis or Nevin Ⅳ～Ⅴ stage cases than that of non-metastasis or Nevin Ⅰ～Ⅲ stage cases 33.3% (P＜0.05). The positive rate of p27 was statistically higher in moderate and highly differentiation (60.9%), nonmetastasis (75.0%) or Nevin’s Ⅰ～Ⅲ stage (75.0%) cases than those of poor differentiation (23.0%), metastasis (33.3%) and Nevin Ⅳ～Ⅴ stage (33.3%) cases (P＜0.05). The expression of p27 was negatively correlated with that of TGF-β1(r=-0.4473，P＜0.05). There was significant difference in survival time between patients with TGF-β1 positive and TGF-β1 negative（P＜0.05）. The difference was also found between patients with p27 positive and p27 negative. Conclusion The upregulation of TGF-β1 and downregulation of p27 in gallbladder carcinoma indicates the imbalance of TGF-β1/p27 system, which may play a role in the carcinogenesis and predict the malignant behaviors of the carcinoma.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the features of gallbladder carcinoma in two-phase spiral CT, and to analysis the values of two-phase spiral CT for the differential diagnosis between gallbladder carcinoma and chronic cholecystitis. Methods The two-phase spiral CT manifestations of 30 cases of gallbladder carcinoma, proved by surgery and pathology, and 30 cases of chronic cholecystitis were analyzed. Results According to the CT findings, the gallbladder carcinoma was categorized into 3 types: intraluminal mass of gallbladder in 6 out of 30 (20.0%）， thickening of the gallbladder wall in 11 (33.7%), and mass replacing the normal gallbladder in 13(43.4%). The most common enhancement patterns of the wall in gallbladder carcinoma were hyperattenuation during the arterial phase, while isoattenuation with the adjacent hepatic parenchyma during the venous phase; or hyperattenuation during both phases. The most common enhancement pattern of the wall in chronic cholecystitis was isoattenuation during both phases, with clear hypoattenuation linear shadow in the gallbladder fossa. Other ancillary features of gallbladder carcinomas included: infiltration of the adjacent parenchyma, local lymphadenopathy and intrahepatic metastasis. Conclusion Two-phase spiral CT scan can identify the features of the gallbladder carcinoma and is helpful for the differential diagnosis of these two different disease entities.
【Abstract】Objective To design the hammerhead ribozyme gene according to the hTR sequence in the gallbladder cancer cell, and build it into the eukaryon expression vector pTriEx-4. Methods According to the hTR cDNA sequence, the authors designed the primers and take the hTR template area gene from the gallbladder cancer cells by RT-PCR.The hammerhead ribozyme gene was synthesize according to the result of sequencing, and combine them with eukaryon expressing vector. Identified the exactitude of recombine vector by digestion.Results The 68 bp sequence extracted from the cell through the RT-PCR had the same template sequence comparing with the hTR cDNA. The recombinant plasmid with the hammerhead ribozyme gene was correct by digestion identification. Conclusion The RT-PCR method can extract the gallbladder cancer cell’s hTR gene. We construct the eukaryon expression vector containing the hammerhead ribozyme gene successfully which is the foundation for gene therapy of gallbladder cancer.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction(APBDJ) and gallbladder carcinoma. MethodsThe current related literatures were reviewed.ResultsAPBDJ was associated with gallbladder carcinoma development. A proposed mechanism was free reflux of pancreatic juice into the gallbladder and molecular alterations of gallbladder epithelial cells.ConclusionAPBDJ is a high risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma. Prophylactic cholecystectomy is recommended for patients with APBDJ.
Objective To explore the effects of bile from patients with cholecystolithiasis on the growth of human gallbladder carcinoma cells GBC-SD and the potential correlation between cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder carcinoma. Methods Cholecystolithiasis bile (CB) and normal bile (NB) specimens were used for this study. The proliferative effects of bile were measured by methabenzthiazuron (MTT) assay and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results CB can significantly promote the proliferation of GBC-SD cells, GBC-SD proliferative index increased significantly after treated with 1% CB for 48 h （P＜0.05）.The Sphase fraction of CB 〔（49.26±8.07）%〕 increased remarkably (P＜0.05) compared with that of NB 〔（25.54±6.57）%〕, and the CB percentage of G0/G1 phase 〔（40.59±9.12）%〕 decreased remarkably (P＜0.05) compared with NB 〔(60.64±13.42）〕%. Conclusion CB can promote the proliferation of human gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the apoptosis of gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBCSD induced by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) targeting survivin. MethodsASODN targeting survivin was transfected into GBCSD cells mediated by lipofectin. Cultured cells were divided into 3 groups: control group,sense oligonucleotide (SODN) group and ASODN group. After transfected for 16 h, the cultured cells were harvested and the following texts were carried out. The expression of survivin mRNA was detected by RTPCR. Flow cytometer were used to detect apoptosis. Morphological changes were observed by electron microscopy. ResultsThe expression of survivin mRNA was decreased 47.83% in ASODN group while apoptosis was increased from (0.50±0.23)% to (26.28±3.91)%. Abnormal morphological changes of cells were observed in ASODN group and apoptosis bodies were found in some gallbladder carcinoma cells. ConclusionThe expression of survivin may be decreased in GBCSD cells after ASODN transfection.ASODN targeting survivin could induce gallbladder carcinoma cells apoptosis effectively.