Health behavior decision-making in patients with liver cancer extends throughout the entire process of disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation management and is influenced by multiple factors. This review summarizes the research progress in health behavior decision-making in patients with liver cancer, with a particular focus on their participation in decision-making and the current status of health behavior decision-making during disease diagnosis, treatment selection, and health management after interventional therapy. The main influencing factors are summarized in terms of disease-related factors, disease cognition, social support, and educational level. This review aims to provide a reference for clinical healthcare professionals to identify patients’ decision-making needs and implement targeted decision support and health behavior interventions, thereby promoting positive health behavior decision-making and improving patients’ quality of life.