Low back pain is a common disease. In 2020, the North American Spine Society (NASS) formulated an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of non-specific low back pain. The guidelines mainly addressed five aspects of non-specific low back pain: diagnosis, imaging examination, conservative treatment, interventional treatment, and surgical treatment. Based on an in-depth understanding of the guidelines, this article gives a brief explanation of the diagnosis and treatment of non-specific low back pain, so as to provide references for clinicians.