Heart failure is a global problem that occurs in 38 million patients worldwide, and the number is dramatically increasing in elderly society. Meanwhile, heart dysfunction is also the most common disease among hospitalized patients more than 65 years, especially in high-income countries. Approximately, one million patients are hospitalized because of heart failure in the world every year. Drug therapy is currently the most popular treatment for heart failure in clinic, however, the effects are limited. Therefore, exploring novel treatment strategies gradually becomes a focus not only in basic but also in clinical research.
摘要:目的: 研究蛻皮甾酮對非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠模型腫瘤壞死因子α(TNFα)與核因子κB(NFκB)表達的影響，并探索其可能的作用機制。 方法 :健康成年SD大鼠36只,隨機分為正常對照組12只與實驗組24只;正常對照組喂以普通基礎飼料,實驗組應用高脂飼料喂養。實驗12周末時將造模成功的實驗組大鼠隨機分為模型組與蛻皮甾酮治療組2個亞組,每組12只;正常對照組喂以普通基礎飼料至16周,模型組繼續應用改良高脂飼料喂養至16周,蛻皮甾酮治療組大鼠在高脂飲食同時加用蛻皮甾酮灌胃。實驗16周末時處死3組所有大鼠;檢測肝臟指數,血清與肝組織生化指標及肝組織病理改變;ELISA法檢測肝臟TNFα水平;免疫組化檢測各組大鼠肝組織中核因子κB蛋白表達情況。 結果 :蛻皮甾酮治療組血清膽固醇(TC)、丙氨酸氨基轉移酶(ALT)和天門冬氨酸氨基轉移酶(AST)明顯低于模型組(212±058比263±024,Plt;005;5336±1848比8460±3627,P＜005;14020±3595比24359±3638,P＜001);蛻皮甾酮治療組與模型組相比肝組織丙二醛(MDA)水平降低明顯(18454±1645比23928±2376,P＜001),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力增加顯著(942±052比518±043,P＜001),肝臟指數顯著降低(435±037比504±046,P＜001)，肝組織脂肪變性程度和炎癥活動度明顯減輕(546±037比630±049,P＜001)。蛻皮甾酮治療組與模型組相比TNFα與核因子κB水平明顯減輕(4304±748比6156±727,2465±539比4504±746,P值均＜001)。 結論 :蛻皮甾酮具有改善高脂飲食誘發的非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝臟酶學功能,通過增加肝組織SOD的含量和減少MDA的含量來減輕肝組織氧化應激水平,減輕肝組織TNFα和核因子κB來減輕肝臟炎癥,發揮防治非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of ecdysterone on the expression of tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNFα) and nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of rats. Methods : A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, who were fed with highfat diet (experimental group, n=24) and normal basic food (normal control, n=12) respectively. At the end of the 12th week, the experimental group was randomly divided into two subgroups: model group and ecdysterone group, each group contained 12 rats. From the 13th week, the rats in the normal control group and model group were lavaged with normal sodium, and the rats in the ecdysterone group were lavaged with ecdysterone at 10 mg·kg-1·d-1. At the end of the 16th week, all rats were weighed, narcotized, sacrificed, and the liver index, biochemical indicators in serum and liver tissues and the hepatic pathological changes were observed. The expression of TNFα was detected by ELISA and the expression of NFκB was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Results : At the end 16th week in ecdysterone group, the serum levels of cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were reduced markedly (212±058 vs 263±024 and 5336±1848 vs 8460±3627, both P＜005; 14020±3595 vs 24359±3638, P＜001); the tissue content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased evidently (18454±1645 vs 23928±2376, P＜001), while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was enhanced notably (942±052 vs 518±043, P＜001); the liver index was decreased significantly in comparison with that inmodel group (435±037 vs 504±046, P＜001); the degree of fatty degeneration and inflammation were relieved dramatically (546±037 vs 630±049, P＜001). The expression of TNFα and the levels of NFκB were significantly lower (4304±748 vs 6156±727 and 2465±539 vs 4504±746, both P＜001) in ecdysterone group compared with model group. Conclusion : The effects of ecdysterone in preventing NAFLD in rats could be related to the increase of SOD content in hepatic tissue and the decrease of MDA content, tumor necrosis factorα and NFκB.
ObjectiveBy comparing the mechanics of human auricular cartilage, polyurethane elastic material, and high density polyethylene material (Medpor), to produce theoretical proof on choosing optimal artificial auricular scaffold materials.MethodsThe experimental materials were divided into 3 groups with 6 samples in each: the auricular cartilage group (group A), the polyurethane elastic material group (group B), and the Medpor group (group C). With an Instron5967 mechanical testing machine, compression and tensile testing were performed to respectively measure values of compression parameters (including yield stress, yield load, elastic modulus, yield compressibility, compressibility within 2 MPa, and compression stress within 10% strain) and values of tensile parameters (including yield stress, yield load, elastic modulus, yield elongation, elongation within 2 MPa, tensile stress within 1% strain) for comparison.ResultsCompression testing: no obvious yield points were observed in the whole process in samples of group B, while obvious yield points were observed in samples of groups A and C. There was no significant difference between groups A and C with respect to yield stress and yield load (P>0.05); while the yield compressibility in group C was significantly lower than that in group A (P<0.05) and the elastic modulus in group C was significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05). There was a significant difference with respect to compressibility within 2 MPa of materials among the 3 groups (P<0.05), the high, medium, and low values go to groups B, A, and C respectively. The compression stress within 10% strain in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A and B (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between that in groups A and B (P>0.05). Tensile testing: the materials in group B had extremely high tensile strength. The yield stress in groups A and B was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05), and the elastic modulus and tensile stress within 1% strain were significantly lower than those in group C (P<0.05); but no significant difference was found between those in groups A and B (P>0.05). There was no significant difference with respect to yield load among the 3 groups (P>0.05); but there was significant difference with respect to yield elongation among the 3 groups (P<0.05), and the high, medium, and low values go to groups B, A, and C respectively. The elongation within 2 MPa in group B was significantly higher than that in groups A and C (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between that in groups A and C (P>0.05).ConclusionCompared with the Medpor, the polyurethane elastic material is a more ideal artificial auricular scaffold material.
ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of keystone flap in repairing skin and soft tissue defects around joint.MethodsBetween March 2013 and December 2017, 10 patients of skin and soft tissue defects around the joint were repaired with keystone flaps. There were 6 males and 4 females. The age ranged from 17 to 72 years, with an average age of 57.5 years. The skin and soft tissue defects located around the joints, including 2 cases of hip joints, 4 cases of knee joints, 3 cases of elbow joints, and 1 case of wrist joint. The cause of skin and soft tissue defects included scar contracture in 3 cases, basal cell carcinoma in 3 cases, squamous-cell carcinoma in 3 cases, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberant in 1 case. The area of defects ranged from 4 cm×3 cm to 11 cm×11 cm. The keystone flap was designed beside the wound, and the V-shaped flap was designed at the longer side of the fan-shaped flap. The area of flap ranged from 7 cm×3 cm to 35 cm×10 cm. The flap was constantly compressed by vacuum assisted closure after operation for 3-6 days.ResultsPrimary wound healing was achieved and the flaps survived. All patients were followed up 6-24 months (mean, 15 months). The texture and color of flap was similar to the adjacent area. The appearance and function of joint were satisfactory.ConclusionThe keystone flap is a feasible and efficient way to repair the wound around joint. Furthermore, the skin color and texture is similar to the surrounding tissue after healing.
Massive cerebral infarction with malignant brain edema has poor prognosis with very high mortality, despite aggressive medical treatment. Surgical decompression is recommended by Chinese and international clinical guidelines for patients with massive cerebral infarction, however, there is no standardized diagnosis and treatment protocol in clinical practice. Following the principle of evidence-based medicine and based on the diagnosis and treatment norms of the participating hospitals of Severe Ischaemic Stroke Collaboration in recent years, we recommend this consensus statement of the standardized surgical decompression for malignant brain edema in massive cerebral infarction.