OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of xenotransplantation rejection and the interaction between the immunocytes. METHODS: This review concluded the research achievements and new advances in xenotransplantation based on the relevant experimental data. RESULTS: Transgenic pig technology and novel immunosuppressants were applied to suppress hyperacute rejection and acute vascular rejection respectively. Modulation of T cell and antigen presenting cells and induction of tolerance were taken for the prevention of acute cellular rejection. CONCLUSION: In general, the technology of transgenic pig is relatively mature and effective. The mechanism and prevention of acute vascular rejection and acute cellular rejection should be further investigated.
Objective To investigate effects of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and fibronection (FN) on the osteoblast adhesion on the bio-derived bone. Methods The third generation of the osteoblast was treated with bFGF 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml, respectively, and then was seeded in the bioderived bone, which had been modified with FN 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/ml, or Polylysine, respectively. The cell adhesion was measured by the MTT assay. The cell density and the cell appearance were observed by the scanning electron microscope. The abovementioned procedures were repeated by an application of the GRGDS peptide. Results Both FN and bFGF could enhance the osteoblast adhesion efficiency on the bioderived bone (Plt;0.05). However, the osteoblast adhesion efficiency could be significantly strengthened bya combined use of FN and bFGF. FN and bFGF had a significant synergistic effectin statistics (Plt;0.01), but Polylysine and bFGF had no such synergistic effect (P＞0.05). The combined use of FN and bFGF had a better effect on the cell density and the cell appearance than either of them when observed with the scanning electron microscope. Adhesion efficiency generated by the combined use of FN and bFGF was significantly blocked by the application of the GRGDS peptide. Conclusion The combined use of FN and bFGF has a significant synergistic effect on the osteoblast adhesion efficiency on the bioderived bone. This effect is probably mediated by the RGD-integrin α5β1 pathway.
目的 分析死胎死亡原因及可能的相關因素，為降低死胎發生的措施提供依據。 方法 對2007年1月－2011年12月住院分娩的609例死胎（≥28周） 的病例資料進行回顧性分析,包括對產檢次數差異、死胎性別、死胎孕周分布、母親年齡差別、母親文化程度等進行統計分析。 結果 ① 死胎的原因依次為：胎兒因素（41.2%），母體因素（24.1%），胎盤因素（21.7%）及不明原因（13.0%）；其中胎兒畸形、重度子癇前期及胎盤早剝為主要原因；② 母親的文化程度低、未建卡或未正規產檢者死胎發生的幾率高于正規產檢者，差異有統計學意義（P＜0.05）。 結論 加強圍產保健，早期篩查胎兒畸形、防治妊娠期并發癥及合并癥等都有助于降低死胎的發生率。
目的 幽門螺桿菌NCTC11637菌株Hp1501基因進行序列測定，并運用生物信息學軟件對其進行分析。 方法 用聚合酶鏈反應方法從幽門螺桿菌 NCTC11637菌株基因組DNA擴增Hp1501基因，T-A克隆，鑒定后測序，將基因序列向GeneBank提交并申請登錄號，用生物信息學軟件分析其生物學特性。 結果 成功獲取幽門螺桿菌 NCTC11637株Hp1501基因序列，獲得GeneBank登錄號JF820815。軟件分析表明，序列全長為1 164 bp，與幽門螺桿菌國際標準株26695和J99的基因序列一致性為96%～97%，氨基酸序列一致性為97%～98%；軟件預測其編碼的前59個氨基酸為信號肽，其編碼的核心肽為幽門螺桿菌外膜蛋白。 結論 成功測定幽門螺桿菌 NCTC11637菌株Hp1501基因序列并預測出其生物學特性，為進一步研究其功能，闡明其致病機制奠定了基礎。Objective To determine the sequence of Hp1501 gene from H. pylori NCTC11637 and analyze the sequence with bioinformatics software. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the Hp1501 gene from chromosomal DNA of H. pylori NCTC11637. After T-A clone, the amplified DNA sequence was determined and the gene sequence was sent to GeneBank for analysis with bioinformatics software. Results Hp1501 gene from H. pylori NCTC11637 was successfully attained, and the logging number for GeneBank was JF820815. The analysis showed that the gene sequence was 1164 bp in length, 96%-97% identical in DNA sequence and 97%-98% identical in amino acid sequence compared with standard strain 26695 and J99. The forward 59 amino acids were signal peptide and the core peptide was outer membrane protein of H. pylori based on the software prediction. Conclusions The sequence and bionomics of Hp1501 gene from H. pylori NCTC11637 has been determined successfully. It provides a solid base for the further research of the biological function and pathogenicity mechanism of H. pylori.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and significance of cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsBetween September 2017 and September 2018, 27 patients with benign tumor needing to surgical therapy, were divided into COPD group (15 patients) and non-COPD group (12 patients), according to lung function. Lung tissues were selected at the distance at least 5 cm from the tumor. The levels of Cyr61, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, the expressions of Cyr61 in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry technology between two groups. Furthermore, correlations among Cyr61, IL-8, MCP-1, smoking index, forced expiratory volume in the 1st second as percentage of predicted values (FEV1%pred), scores of COPD Assessment Test (CAT) were analyzed.ResultsSerum Cyr61, IL-8, MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with COPD than in the non-COPD group (P<0.05), (2409.80±893.87)pg/mL, (76.27±10.53)pg/mL, (173.67±42.64)pg/mL vs. (1065.42±158.83)pg/mL, (57.33±8.29)pg/mL, (138.42±27.62)pg/mL, respectively. By immunohistochemistry technology, the expression levels of Cyr61 in lung epithelial cells and in lung macrophage cells of COPD patients were higher than in the non-COPD group (P<0.01). Positive correlations were found between serum IL-8, serum MCP-1, CAT scores, smoking index and serum Cyr61 (r=0.674, 0.566, 0.602, and 0.755, P=0.006, 0.028, 0.018, and 0.003, respectively) in COPD group. Furthermore, in COPD group, there were also positive correlations between serum IL-8, serum MCP-1, CAT scores, smoking index and intrapulmonary Cyr61 (r=0.542, 0.635, 0.809, and 0.580, P=0.037, 0.011, 0.001, and 0.038 respectively). Inverse correlation was found between serum Cyr61 and FEV1%pred (r=–0.772, P<0.01), and the same as between intrapulmonary Cyr61 and FEV1%pred (r=–0.683, P<0.01).ConclusionsCyr61 highly expresses in serum and in lung tissues of patients with COPD, and its expression is correlated with lung function of patients. The results indicate that Cyr61 may interact with IL-8 and MCP-1 in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Objective To summarize the research progress on the mechanism related to traumatic brain injury (TBI) to promote fracture healing, and to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of fracture non-union. Methods The research literature on TBI to promote fracture healing at home and abroad was reviewed, the role of TBI in fracture healing was summarized from three aspects of nerves, body fluids, and immunity, to explore new ideas for the treatment of fracture non-union. Results Numerous studies have shown that fracture healing is faster in patients with fracture combined with TBI than in patients with simple fracture. It is found that the expression of various cytokines and hormones in the body fluids of patients with fracture and TBI is significantly higher than that of patients with simple fracture, and the neurofactors released by the nervous system reaches the fracture site through the damaged blood-brain barrier, and the chemotaxis and aggregation of inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors at the fracture end of patients with combined TBI also differs significantly from those of patients with simple fracture. A complex network of humoral, neural, and immunomodulatory networks together promote regeneration of blood vessels at the fracture site, osteoblasts differentiation, and inhibition of osteoclasts activity. Conclusion TBI promotes fracture healing through a complex network of neural, humoral, and immunomodulatory, and can treat fracture non-union by intervening in the perifracture microenvironment.
Objective To investigate preoperative blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （NLR） in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST） and analyze the relationship of the NLR to prognosis. Methods The data of NLR of peripheral blood samples on 3d before surgery and the results of immunohistochemistry of 42 patients with GIST were analyzed respectively，the relation between the NLR and the prognosis of patients with GIST was understood by the survival analysis. Results The patients with high NLR （NLR≥2.5） was found in 22 cases， low NLR （NLR＜2.5） in 20 cases.The NLR was related to mitotic figures （χ2=9.45，P=0.002） and tumor size （P=0.041）. The 3-year survival rate of the patients with high NLR was shorter than that of the low NLR （χ2=5.44，P=0.022）. The 3-year survival rate was associated with NLR，mitotic figures，and tumor size （P＜0.05） in univariate analysis. The NLR and mitotic figures were independent prognostic indicators of 3-year survival （P=0.018，P=0.000） in Cox multivariate analysis. Conclusion Blood NLR and mitotic figures have some predictive value for the prognosis of patients with GIST.
ObjectiveTo establish a better immunofluorescence protocol to detect co-localization of p53 and mitochondria which may benefit studies aiming to detect mitochondrial expression of proteins.MethodsHeLa cells were treated with hypoxia and the expression of p53 was detected by immunoblotting. HeLa cells were fixed with methanol, methanol: acetone (1: 1, v/v) mixture, and 4% paraformaldehyde, respectively; the former two groups were not permeable, while the latter was penetrated with 0.1% Triton-X 100 and stained with p53 and mitochondria at the same time. After HeLa cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, the concentration of Triton-X 100 was reduced to 0.05%, 0.025%, 0.01%, and 0.005%. After the HeLa cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, the concentration of Triton-X 100 decreased to 0.01% and 0.005% for the first time, then, after staining with p53, the mitochondria were stained with 0.1% Triton-X 100 for the second time.ResultsThe expression of p53 was up-regulated (P<0.01) after hypoxia, which could be used in the following immunofluorescence experiment. The co-localization of p53 and mitochondria was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm in both the methanol group and the mixed solution group. The co-localization of p53 was the most obvious in the mixed solution group. After using 0.1% Triton-X 100, the p53 signal was mainly in the nucleus, but no co-localization was observed. After fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde, to some extent, the reduced concentration of 0.05% and 0.025% Triton-X 100 weakened the p53 signal in nucleus and enhanced the co-localization signal. However, the signal in nucleus was still stronger than that in cytoplasm. When it was reduced to 0.01% and 0.005%, p53 signal was detected in cytoplasm but not in nucleus, suggesting that the nuclear membrane was not penetrated under this condition, but it also failed to penetrate the mitochondrial membrane, leading to the failure of mitochondrial labeling. The second permeability completely avoided the p53 signal in nucleus, and successfully labeled mitochondria, and the co-localization of p53 and mitochondria was detected.ConclusionsCo-localization of p53 and mitochondria is detectable in cells fixed by methanol or methanol and acetone mixture which brings out better results. Penetrating twice with Triton X-100 of different concentrations following paraformaldehyde fixation help avoid signals in nuclei and falicitate co-localization detection.
ObjectiveTo analyze clinical features and treatment of cases of perineum necrotizing fasciitis with diabetes.MethodsThe clinical data of 48 cases of perineum necrotizing fasciitis with diabetes were retrospectively collected in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2013 to 2017. The clinical features, bacterial culture results, and laboratory indicators such as the white blood cell count (WBC), platelet (PLT), C reactive protein (CRP), serum sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and blood sugar (Glu) levels were compared between the diabetic patients and the non-diabetic patients and between the death and the survival.ResultsAmong the 48 cases, there were 29 cases of perineum necrotizing fasciitis with diabetes, 10 cases of death, 36 cases of positive results of bacterial culture. ① Between the diabetic patients and the non-diabetic patients, the proportions of the gender, surgery within 24 h, staying the ICU, and death had no significant differences (P>0.05); the age, time from onset to admission, and staying time in the ICU had no significant differences too (P>0.05). The Klebsiella infection rate in the diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in the non-diabetic patients (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the CRP, WBC, PLT, Ca2+, Na+, and K+ levels between the diabetic patients and the non-diabetic patients on the 1st, the 3rd, and the 7th day of the admission (P>0.05). ② The proportions of the gender and surgery within 24 h had no significant differences (P>0.05), but of staying the ICU had a significant difference (P<0.05) between the death and the survival; the age, the time from onset to admission, and staying time in the ICU had no significant differences (P>0.05). The positive rate of bacterial culture results had no significant difference between the death and the survival (P>0.05). Except for the PLT (P<0.05), there were no significant differences in the CRP, WBC, and Glu levels between the death and the survival on the 1st and 3rd day of the admission (P>0.05).ConclusionsEarly diagnosis, early operation, and multidisciplinary treatment are important in treatment of perineum necrotizing fasciitis. Antibiotics which are sensitive to Klebsiella when treated with early experimental use should be considered for patients with diabetes mellitus.
目的 分析汶川大地震傷員的放射學表現特點。 方法 收集2008年5?12汶川大地震發生后至5月31日間213例地震傷員的完整放射學資料，著重分析傷員的X線、CT、MRI檢查的影像學表現特點。 結果 213例中，同時行X線、CT、MRI檢查10例（5%），X線、MRI檢查7例（3%），X線、CT檢查9例（4%），僅行CT檢查5例（2%），僅行X線檢查182例（85%）。MRI檢查17例（8%）中，同時行胸椎和腰椎檢查2例、頸椎和胸椎1例，頸椎1例，膝關節2例，上腹部1例，骨盆1例，腰椎9例；CT檢查24例（11%）中，頭部9例，胸部6例，腹部1例，脊柱6例，骨盆2例；X線檢查208例中，單部位檢查64例（31%），多部位檢查144例（69%），僅有軟組織受傷38例（18%），單純肺挫傷6例（3%），骨折164例（79%）。 結論 地震傷員影像學檢查以常規X線為主，頭顱、五官受傷者首選CT，CT、MRI檢查作為胸部、脊柱、關節等部位的補充檢查。地震傷員以單純性骨折為主，骨折合并臟器外傷較少。