In order to guide diagnosis and treatment in children with sleep disordered breathing aged 1 to 23 months, the European Respiratory Society(ERS) summarized the evidence and released the European Respiratory Society statement based on clinical experience in 2016. This article aims to interpret the ERS statement. Children with apparent upper airway obstruction during wakefulness and those with SDB symptoms and complex conditions requires treatment. Adenotonsillectomy and continuous positive airway pressure are the most frequently used treatment measures along with interventions targeting specific conditions. Obstructive SDB in children aged 1 to 23 months is a multifactorial disorder that requires objective assessment and treatment of all underlying abnormalities.