【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of As2O3 on expression of NF-κB p65, survivin and caspase-3 in human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma xenograft model on nude mice. Methods A human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma model on nude mice was established and the nude mice were divided randomly into three groups: control group, DDP group and As2O3 group （1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg concentrations）. The expression of survivin mRNA was detected with the method of in situ hybridization and the expressions of NF-κB p65, survivin and caspase-3 protein were measured with immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe positive rates of NF-κB p65 and survivin expression were higher in the control group than those in the DDP group and the As2O3 groups, but that of caspase-3 was on the opposite way (P＜0.01). The positive rates of NF-κB p65 and survivin in As2O3 group were negatively related with the concentrations of As2O3 (P＜0.01), but that of caspase-3 was on the opposite way (P＜0.01). The expressions of NF-κB p65 and survivin protein were positively correlated with that of survivin mRNA, but any of them was negatively correlated with the expression of caspase-3 protein. ConclusionAs2O3 inhibites survivin probably by inhibiting the activity of NFκB p65 and subsequently activates caspase-3, which induces apoptosis of human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma cells and is in a dose-dependent manner.
Objective To investigate the expression of claudin-1 in breast tumor tissues and the relationship of development and progress of breast neoplasm．Methods The expressions of claudin-1 in 89 cases of breast cancer and 37 benign breast diseases were tested by tissue chip technology and immunohistochemistry．The relationships of claudin-1 expression to the lymph node metastasis，TNM staging，maximum diameter of the tumor，and histology grade were statistically analyzed．Results The expression of claudin-1 in the breast cancer was significantly lower than that in the benign breast disease（χ2=19.20，P=0.000 2）．The claudin-1 expression in the patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than that without lymph node metastasis （χ2=3.85，P=0.049 7）．The claudin-1 expression in the stageⅢ of TNM staging was weaker than that in the stage Ⅰ（χ2=5.29，P=0.021 4） and stage Ⅱ （χ2=7.46，P=0.006 3），respectively. There was no significant difference of the claudin-1 expression in the different maximum diameters of tumor （χ2=1.58，P=0.453 8） or histology grades （χ2=1.02，P=0.600 5），respectively．Conclusions The expression of claudin-1 might be correlated with the occurrence，development，and metastasis in breast tumor．It may be one of the potential indicator for lymph node metastasis and prognosis assessment in breast cancer．
Objective To review the recent studies on the multidrug resistance of breast cancer. Methods The literatures of recent years on the studies of multidrug resistance, multidrug resistance protein and breast cancer resistance protein were reviewed. Results Multidrug resistance resulted from multiple factors. How to identify the sensibility of chemotherapy drugs and select individual therapeutic regime early were important to improve the survival rate and life quality of breast cancer patients. Conclusion These studies on multidrug resistance of breast cancer are helpful to predicting the effect and outcome of chemotherapy and overcoming the barrier of drug resistance.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the methodological and reporting quality of the current global breast cancer screening guidelines so as to provide useful information for domestic study in the future.MethodsWe searched databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data and some cancer official websites to collect breast cancer screening guidelines from inception to February, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the quality of the guidelines by using AGREE II tool and RIGHT statement.ResultsA total of 11 guidelines were included, in which 5 guidelines (45%) were issued by the USA. The results of the quality assessment showed that: the average scores in the " scale and objective”, " participants”, " rigorism”, " clarity”, " application”, and " independence” of all guidelines were 83, 48, 60, 77, 53 and 79, respectively. 6 guidelines were evaluated as level A and 5 as level B. For the reporting quality, 3 guidelines were of high quality, including 2 in the USA and 1 in Canada.ConclusionsThe methodological and reporting quality of breast cancer screening guidelines are at present very satisfactory. The quantity of clinical guidelines shows an increasing trend. Multi-country contribution to one guideline is another trend. The evidence-based methodology has been accepted globally in the guideline development.
Objective To determine the investigation progression on exemestane in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods The literatures of recent years on the studies of exemestane were reviewed. Results Exemestane is an effective steroidal aromatase inactivator with superior tolerability, safety and efficacy in the adjuvant, neo-adjuvant and metastatic therapy of breast cancer. Conclusion With the progression of clinical trial with exmestane, exemestane will be regarded as an important drug in comprehensive therapy of breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the value of ultrasound contrast agents injected subcutaneously for diagnosing sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer. MethodsWe electronically searched databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data, and Medalink from their inception to July 2014, to collect diagnostic accuracy studies of ultrasound contrast agents injected subcutaneously for diagnosing sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Meta-Disc 1.4 software. ResultsEight studies involving 311 sentinel lymph nodes were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and the area under curve (AUC) of SROC were 0.89 (95%CI 0.84 to 0.93), 0.81 (95%CI 0.72 to 0.87), 4.14 (95%CI 2.20 to 7.79), 0.15 (95%CI 0.10 to 0.25), 33.23 (95%CI 11.17 to 98.83), and 0.96 respectively. ConclusionContrast-enhanced ultrasound has a high value in diagnosis of sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality and large-scale studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo detect expressions of E-cadherin and α-catenin in breast cancer and analyze the relationship between those expressions and biological behaviors of breast cancer. MethodsFifty-four female patients with breast cancer received modified -radical -mastectomy or radical mastectomy in our department from August 1998 to March 1999. Their ages ranged from 30 years to 76 years and the postoperative follow-up time ranged from 6 to 67 months. Sixteen patients died during their follow-up time. The expressions of E-cadherin and α-catenin in specimens of 54 breast carcinomas and 21 normal breast tissues around tumor were measured by immunohistochemical method. Results In normal breast tissues, E-cadherin and α-catenin were expressed on cell membrance of ductal and acinic cells. No abnormal expressions were found in normal breast tissues. The abnormal expression rates of E-cadherin and α-catenin in breast cancer were 51.9% and 63.0% respectively. Abnormal expressions of E-cadherin and α-catenin were significantly correlated with histological grade and proliferative grade. Abnormal expression of α-catenin was significantly correlated with TNM staging, axillary lymph node metastasis and postoperative distant metastasis. Abnormal expression of Ecadherin was positively correlated with expression of HER-2. COX multiple factor analysis suggested that neither E-cadherin nor α-catenin expression was an independent prognostic indicator of breast cancer. ConclusionAbnormal expressions of E-cadherin and α-catenin frequently occur in breast cancer. Abnormal expressions of E-cadherin and α-catenin are correlated with disturbance of proliferation and differentiation of breast cancer and its metastasis.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and distribution of CD15s antigen in breast cancer and its relationship with carcinogenesis, progression and metastatic proclivity. MethodsCatalyzed signal amplification(CSA) immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of CD15s antigen in breast cancer and in adjacent normal mucosa. Immunoelectromicroscopic ultrastructural localization of CD15s antigen labelled by colloidal gold was also bserved.ResultsThe positive rate of CD15s antigen expression in primary breast cancer was 79.8%(75/94). In adjacent normal mucosa (n=10) CD15s antigen showed weaker staining. The positive rate of CD15s antigen expression in grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ (87.3%) was notably higher than that in grade Ⅰ (69.2%, P＜0.05). In patients with lymph node metastasis, the positive rate of CD15s antigen expression was 90.2%, which was significantly higher than 67.4% in nodes with no metastasis (P＜0.05). CD15s antigen immunoreactivity was mainly localized in the border membrane of cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex and surrounding nuclear membrane in tumor tissue, and in the border membrane of cytoplasm in adjacent normal tissue. Conclusion CD15s antigen is a practical parameter for evaluating the degree of malignancy and lymphatic metastatic proclivity of breast cancer. It can provide a new pathway to investigate the carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer.
Objective To summarize the progress of clinical research on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods Domestic and international publications on the study of TNBC in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results The patients with TNBC were younger, and their prognosis was poorer. Besides operation, chemotherapy was the major therapeutic tool for them. Currently the targeted therapy for epidermal growth factor receptor and its signal conducting system was applied to clinical therapy gradually， and it might benefit the patients with TNBC. Conclusion The study on TNBC may bring a new way for therapy.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the localized biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions (NPBLs) and its role in the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. MethodsOne hundred and fifty-eight NPBLs from a series of 141 women detected by mammography were resected with wire localization technique. ResultsForty-two lesions (26.6%, 42/158) in 42 patients were diagnosed with malignant result, including 12(28.6%) patients with stage 0 breast cancer, 24(57.1%) with stageⅠ, 2(4.8%) with stage Ⅱ and 4(9.5%) with stage Ⅲ disease according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system（the 6th edition）. The contralateral axillary lymph nodes metastasis were found in only one (2.4%) patient with stage Ⅲ disease and the other fortyone patients remained free of recurrent disease at a median follow-up of 31 months.ConclusionThe results showed that the most nonpalpable breast cancers detected by mammography were earlystage breast cancers and had good prognosis. The NPBLs should get a localized biopsy in order to facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of nonpalpable breast cancers.