To investigate the relationship between metallothionein (MT) and prognosis in breast cancer MT expression was determined with immunohistochemical method (SABC). Results: There was a statistically significant association between expression of MT in breast benign and malignant disease (Ｐ＜0.005). The positive rate was 73.8%(62/84) and 15.0%(3/20) in breast cancer and mastofibroma respectively. The positivity of MT was ber in advanced clinical stages than in early clinical stages. There was no association between MT expression and lymph node metastasis. The mortality of the cancer cases with lymph node metastasis having positive MT expression was higher than those with negative MT expression. Conclusion: MT can be taken as a prognostic index of breast cancer.
Objective To investigate the expression of ADAM9 in breast cancer and its clinical significance. Methods The expressions of ADAM9 in normal breast tissues and breast cancer tissues were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, and whose relationship with clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Results The expression of ADAM9 mRNA increased in the breast cancer tissues, but which was not detected in the normal breast tissues. The expression of ADAM9 protein in the breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the normal breast tissues (Plt;0.05), and which in the metastatic lymph nodes was significantly higher than that in the negative lymph nodes or corresponding primary lesions (Plt;0.05). The expression of ADAM9 in the breast cancer tissues was correlated with the lymph node metastasis and histological grade (Plt;0.05). Conclusion ADAM9 is overexpressed in the breast cancer tissues, which might involve in the pathological progression of breast cancer.
Early screening is an important means to reduce breast cancer mortality. In order to solve the problem of low breast cancer screening rates caused by limited medical resources in remote and impoverished areas, this paper designs a breast cancer screening system aided with portable ultrasound Clarius. The system automatically segments the tumor area of the B-ultrasound image on the mobile terminal and uses the ultrasound radio frequency data on the cloud server to automatically classify the benign and malignant tumors. Experimental results in this study show that the accuracy of breast tumor segmentation reaches 98%, and the accuracy of benign and malignant classification reaches 82%, and the system is accurate and reliable. The system is easy to set up and operate, which is convenient for patients in remote and poor areas to carry out early breast cancer screening. It is beneficial to objectively diagnose disease, and it is the first time for the domestic breast cancer auxiliary screening system on the mobile terminal.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) mRNA and breast cancer, lymph node metastasis. MethodsSixty patients with breast tumor were selected randomly and the expression of uPA mRNA was detected with RT-PCR. The patients were divided into benign group (18 cases) and malignant group (42 cases) which included 22 cases with lymph node metastasis and 20 cases without lymph node metastasis. The relationship between uPA mRNA expression and breast cancer, lymph node metastasis was analyzed. ResultsAmong these 18 benign tumors, low expression of uPA mRNA was found in 2 cases and the others were negative. While in 42 cases of malignant tumor, uPA mRNA were positive in 22 cases of lymph node metastasis, 16 of which were high expression, 5 of which were moderate expression, and 1 was low expression. uPA mRNA were positive in 18 of 20 cases of nonmetastatic lymph node, 1 of which was high expression, 5 of which were moderate expression and 12 of which were low expression, the other 2 were negative expression. The expression of uPA mRNA had significant difference between benign and malignant tumors (P＜0.05). The expression in lymph node metastasis was much higher than no lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05). ConclusionThe expression of uPA mRNA in malignant breast cancer is obviously higher than that in benign breast tumor. The expression tensity of uPA is highly relevant to lymph node metastasis in malignant breast cancer, which can provide evidence for clinical staging and therapy.
The authors studied retrospectively clinical data of seventy cases with breast cancer during pregnancy and lactation.They were treated and diagnosed by operation and pathology.Primary factors influencing prognosis were analyzed.It was demonstrated that 5year survival rate of the patients were significantly influenced by clinical stage , month of pregnancy and lactation, time of symptoms, type of operation, type of pathology, histological grade of malignancy, recurrence and metastasis, and estrogen receptor status (Ｐ＜0.05).Age and termination of pregnancy had no beneficial effect on survival (Ｐ＞0.05).The prognosis of pregnant and lactating breast cancer was poorer than ordinary breast cancer.Their 5year survival rate were 55.7% and 74.3%, respectively. After they were matched for stage and for age, no difference in survival was found.Early diagnosis and radical operation combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy have better prognosis.The method can shorten time of treatment and improve survival rate.Termination of pregnancy has not been shown to improve survival and shall not be advised routinely.Future pregnancy may be detrimental and shall be discouraged.
Objective To investigate the effect of steroid receptor coactivator family in initiation, development, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The literatures in recent years which have related to the effect of steroid receptor coactivators in breast cancer are reviewed. Results Steroid receptor coactivators are essential for several kinds of steroid hormones binding to steroid receptors, so they are important accessory factors that induce the initiation, development and recurrence of breast cancer, and predictive factors that estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion Inhibition of the expression and signaling pathway of steroid receptor coactivators may be effective for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
【Abstract】Objective Stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1, CXCL12) is a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines which, through its cognate receptor (CXCR4), plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. This study analyzed quantitatively the expression of SDF-1 and its relation with clinicopathologic feature and clinical outcome in human breast cancer.Methods Expression of SDF-1 mRNA in 8 breast cancer cell lines, an endothelial cell line HECV and a fibroblast cell MRC5 was studied by using RT-PCR. In addition, the expression of SDF-1 was investigated at both protein (immunohistochemistry) and mRNA(real-time PCR) levels in a group of human normal mammary(n=32) and tumour tissues(n=120). Results SDF-1 expression was identified in MRC5, MDA-MB435s, MDA-MB436, MCF7 cell lines, breast tumour and normal tissues. Significantly higher level of SDF-1 was seen in lymph node positive than in lymph node negative tumours (399.00±210.00 vs 0.89±0.47), P=0.048. The level of SDF-1 expression in patients who developed local recurrence or metastasis, or patients who died of breast cancer was higher than in patients who were disease free as well, (670.00±346.00 vs 0.83±0.35), P=0.01. It was most notable that level of SDF-1 was significantly correlated with over survival (P=0.01) and incidence free survival (P=0.035, by Cox proportion analysis).Conclusion SDF-1 is a factor that is expressed in both stromal cells and some breast cancer cells. Its level are correlated with lymph node involvement, prognosis and survival in patients with breast cancer. SDF-1 may therefore have a potential prognostic value in breast cancer.
Objective To study the expression and significance of CCR chemokine receptor-7 (CCR7) protein and vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) protein in the progression of breast cancer, including normal breast tissue, slight and moderate atypical hyperplasia, severe atypical hyperplasia and intraductal carcinoma in situ, as well as invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CCR7 and VEGF-D protein in the nomal breast tissue (n=20), slight and moderate ductal atypical hyperplasia tissue (n=20), severe atypical hyperplasia and intraductal carcinoma in situ tissue, as well as invasive ductal breast carcinoma tissue (n=73). In addition, the D2-40 staining was also used to determine lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD). Meanwhile, the relationship between the expression of the two kinds of protein and clinicopathological factors/LMVD was analyzed by statistical analysis in breast cancer, and the correlation between expression of CCR7 protein and expression of VEGF-D protein was analyzed too. Results ①The positive rates of CCR7 protein (χ 2 =23.905，P<0.050) and VEGF-D protein (χ 2 =22.349，P<0.050) were gradually increased in the normal breast tissue group 〔CCR7 protein: 0 (0/20), VEGF-D protein: 5.0% (1/20)〕, slight and moderate atypical hyperplasia group 〔CCR7 protein: 5.0% (1/20), VEGF-D protein: 20.0% (4/20)〕, severe atypical hyperplasia and intraductal carcinoma in situ group 〔CCR7 protein: 30.0% (6/20), VEGF-D protein: 40.0% (8/20)〕, and invasive ductal carcinoma group 〔CCR7 protein: 47.9% (35/73), VEGF-D protein: 57.5% (42/73)〕. ②The LMVD value gradually increased in normal breast tissue group (2.00±1.02), slight and moderate atypical hyperplasia group (6.70± 3.48), severe atypical hyperplasia and intraductal carcinoma in situ group (9.01±2.13), as well as invasive ductal carcinoma group (16.32±4.07), there was significant difference between any 2 groups (P<0.050). ③The expressions of CCR7 protein and VEGF-D protein were correlated with clinical staging, histological grading, lymph node metastasis, and expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) protein in patients with breast cancer (P<0.050), the higher positive rates of CCR7 and VEGF-D protein occurred in patients with higher histological grading, later clinical staging of Ⅲ+Ⅳ (compared with staging of Ⅰ+Ⅱ), lymph node metastasis (compared with no lymph node metastasis), and positive expression of HER-2 protein (compared with negative expression of HER-2 protein). The result indicated that LMVD value was related with expression of VEGF-D protein (r=0.623, P<0.010) in patients with breast cancer, but there was no correlation with expression of CCR7 protein (r=-0.303, P>0.050). Furthermore, there was weak positive correlation between expression of CCR7 protein and expression of VEGF-D protein in breast cancer (r=0.112, P<0.050). Conclusion The results strongly suggest that the expression levels of the VEGF-D protein and CCR7 protein indicate the potential of translation some extent, and they play an important role in the progression of breast cancer.
【Abstract】Objective To introduce three methods of creating the animal model of bone metastasis from breast cancer and the advances in the application of these models. Methods The related literatures were collected and reviewed.Results In summary, breast cancer cells injected through left ventricles was commonly used. Breast cancer cells injected into medullary cavity of shaft of femur was simple and effective, but it was very different from the real condition of bone metastasis of patients. The development of animal model created by surgical orthotopic implantation gives the researchs an ideal instrument similar with the condition of patients to research the mechanism of bone metastasis and the treatment. Conclusion Each animal model of bone metastasis from breast cancer has itself usefulness. Our destination is to create the real model of bone metastasis from breast cancer that is very similar with the patients.
At present, breast cancer is most common malignant tumor among female population. The treatment of breast cancer comprises surgery, radiotherapy, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, with surgical as the main treatment approach. Common surgical methods for breast cancer include breast conservation surgery (BCS) and mastectomy. This article reviews the recent researches about the survival of breast cancer patients receiving BCS, the quality of life for patients receiving BCS, the survival of young and elderly patients receiving BCS, BCS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, BCS for patients with breast cancer susceptibility gene mutation, and BCS for patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, so as to provide reference for the follow-up work of medical staff.