目的報告8例肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的影像學特征及病理學特點，探討其診斷與治療方法。方法對8例經手術及病理證實的肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的術前影像學表現（B超、CT、MRI、99mTcPMT）、手術情況及病理特點進行分析。結果B超： 腫瘤呈強回聲光團6例，低回聲光團2例； 邊界清楚7例，血供豐富、內部回聲不均勻4例，其中1例內部呈分隔網狀結構。彩色Doppler超聲示腫瘤血供豐富，均測及動脈頻譜，阻力指數為0.4～0.5。靜脈造影示腫瘤內血流信號明顯增加。CT： 平掃示腫瘤呈低密度影7例，不均勻5例，邊界清楚7例，腫瘤內見軟組織影2例，脂肪成分2例。增強掃描示動脈期明顯強化，門脈期及延遲期逐漸呈低密度。MRI: 腫瘤呈短T1、長T2信號，增強后強化明顯，脂肪抑制后短T1變成長T1。99mTcPMT示腫瘤呈放射性增強，5 min相腫塊區呈放射性缺損，2 h、5 h延遲相腫塊區未見放射性填充，肝血池相腫塊呈放射性填充。病理及免疫組化： 腫瘤由成熟的脂肪、血管及平滑肌組成，HMB45陽性。術前確診3例。結論B超示強回聲光團，CT呈低密度影中出現軟組織影、脂肪成分，增強明顯，MRI出現脂肪信號，脂肪抑制后短T1變成長T1，增強明顯。99mTcPMT示腫瘤呈放射性增強，5 min相呈放射性缺損，延遲相未見放射性填充，肝血池相呈放射性填充。這些是肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的影像學特點，結合病史可作出診斷。此病應盡早手術治療，行肝部分切除術。最后確診依靠病理檢查及免疫組化分析。
Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｔ ５４ ｍｏｎｔｈｓ ａ ｔｏｔａｌ ｏｆ ２４ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｓｅｃｏｎｄａｒｙ ｈｅｐａｔｉｃ ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ｔｒｅａｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｒｅｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｈｅｐａｔｉｃ ｍｅｔａｓｔａｓｉｓ ａｎｄ ｐｏｓｔｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｐｅｒｃｕｔａｎｅｏｕｓ ｉｎｔｒａｈｅｐａｔｏｐｏｒｔａｌ ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ（ＰＨＰＣ） ｕｎｄｅｒ ｕｌｔｒａｓｏｕｎｄ ｇｕｉｄａｎｃｅ Ａ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｕｐ ｆｒｏｍ ｆｉｖｅ ｍｏｎｔｈｓ ｔｏ ｆｏｕｒ ｙｅａｒｓ ｓｈｏｗｓ ｔｈａｔ ２１ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｈａｖｅ ｓｕｒｖｉｖｄｅ ｆｏｒ ５ ｔｏ ４８ ｍｏｎｔｈｓ ｅｘｃｅｐｔ ３ ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙ ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ ｃａｓｅｓ． Ｔｈｅ ａｕｔｈｏｒｓ ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔ ｔｈａｔ ａ ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄ ｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｆｏｒ ｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇ ｓｅｃｏｎｄａｒｙ ｈｅｐａｔｉｃ ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ ｉｓ ｍｏｒｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｔｈａｎ ｅｉｔｈｅｒ ｓｉｍｐｌｅ ｈｅｐａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ ｏｒ ｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙ．
目的 建立基于反傳（BP）神經網絡技術的甲狀腺癌診斷模型，并評估該模型的臨床應用價值。方法 回顧性分析2010年1月至2011年8月期間南京市鼓樓醫院收治的甲狀腺癌患者103例及甲狀腺良性病變患者51例，提取其超聲圖像的9個特征，循建模規則，建立基于BP神經網絡技術的甲狀腺癌診斷模型，依此模型對2011年9月至2011年12月期間收治的根據超聲圖像特征疑為甲狀腺癌的42例患者進行術前診斷，其結果與術后病理診斷結果（術后病理診斷為甲狀腺癌32例，甲狀腺良性病變10例）進行對比研究。結果 甲狀腺癌診斷模型對建模樣本的診斷準確率為95.45%（147/154）；術前樣本的診斷準確率為90.48%（38/42）；所有樣本的診斷準確率為94.39% （185/196）。結論 從本組有限的病例結果初步得出，基于BP神經網絡技術的甲狀腺癌診斷模型具有較高的可行性及可靠性，可望成為一種全新的甲狀腺癌輔助診斷方法。
Objective To investigate the significance of urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test and the ratio of urinary amylase to urinary creatinine for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis(AP).Methods A total of 57 consecutive patients who were suspected as AP presenting with abdominal pain at the emergency department experienced the test of serum and urinary amylase, urinary creatinine assay, urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick and ultrasonography. Results There were 18 patients diagnosed as acute pancreatitis, the serum amylase assay had a sensitivity of 88.9 percent (cutoff value, 300 U per liter) and a specificity of 87.2 percent, the sensitivity and specificity of the urinary amylase assay and the ratio of urinary amylase to urinary creatinine were 88.9 (cutoff value, 2000 U per liter), 94.4 (cutoff value, 120 U per mmol Cr), 84.6 and 89.7 percent, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip were 94.4 and 92.3 percent. The sensitivity of the ultrasonography were 88.9 percent. Conclusion Urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test is a good index for the diagnosis of AP. The ratio of urinary amylase to urinary creatinine is also a useful index and may be better than urinary amylase for the diagnosis of AP.
ObjectiveTo investigate the significance of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT dual-phase imaging, B-ultrasound and CT in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, and its relationship with the level of serum calcium (CA). MethodsThe clinical data of 73 patients with parathyroid dysfunction (serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) > 130 pg/mL) were retrospectively analyzed. The 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT double phase imaging were performed in 73 cases, 63 cases underwent cervical B-ultrasound examination, and 16 cases underwent CT examination. According to the serum calcium (CA) levels, the patients were divided into CA < 2.7 mmol/L group and CA > 2.7 mmol/L group, and the postoperative pathological examination and followed-up results were as the standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT dual-phase imaging, B-ultrasound and CT for diagnosis of PHPT in different serum CA levels were compared. ResultsThe sensitivity of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT dual-phase imaging, B-ultrasound and CT examination for diagnosis of PHPT was 87.6%, 81.8% and 35.7%, respectively; the specificity was 87.5%, 75.5% and 50.0%, respectively; the positive predictive value was 98.2%, 93.7% and 83.3%, respectively; and the negative predictive value was 46.7%, 33.3% and 10%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT dual-phase imaging and B-ultrasound examination for diagnosis of PHPT were significantly higher than those of CT examination(P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT dual-phase imaging for diagnosis of PHPT were higher than those of B-ultrasound examination, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In the CA < 2.7 mmol/L group, the sensitivity of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT dual-phase imaging, B-ultrasound and CT examination for diagnosis of PHPT was 91.1%, 84.7% and 37.9%, respectively; the specificity was 80.2%, 72.9% and 49.7%, respectively; the positive predictive value was 96.8%, 96.0% and 79.4%, respectively; and the negative predictive value was 50.0%, 37.5% and 10.0%. In the CA > 2.7 mmol/L group, The sensitivity of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT dual-phase imaging, B-ultrasound and CT examination for diagnosis of PHPT was 87.9%, 83.9% and 42.8%, respectively; the specificity was 83.3%, 79.2% and 50.0%, respectively; the positive predictive value was 96.9%, 94.1% and 75.0%, respectively; and the negative predictive value was 50.0%, 40.5% and 20.0%. There were no significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy between the 3 methods and the level of serum CV in different levels. ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT dual-phase imaging and B-ultrasound examination for diagnosis of PHPT patients with PTH > 130 pg/mL (especially parathyroid adenoma) were higher than that of CT examination, and it is not associated with the serum CA concentration.
B-type ultrasound images have important applications in medical diagnosis. However, the widely spread intensity inhomogeneity, low-scale contrast, constructed defect, noise and blurred edges all make it difficult to implement automatic segmentation of lesion in the images. Based on region level set method, a subordinate degree region level set model was proposed, in which subordinate degree probability of each pixel was defined to reflect the pixel subjection grade to target and background respectively. Pixels were classified to either target or background by calculation of their subordinate degree probabilities, and edge contour was obtained by region level set iterations. In this paper, lesion segmentation is regarded as local segmentation of specific area, and the calculation is restrained to the local sphere abide by the contour, which greatly reduce the calculation complexity. Experiments on B-type ultrasound images showed improved results of the proposed method compared to those of some popular level set methods.
【摘要】目的探討成人腸套疊的臨床特點和診治原則。方法對1980年1月至2004年2月期間我院收治的167例成人腸套疊臨床資料進行回顧性分析。結果術前確診79例，占47.3%。167例中159例行手術治療，其中116例為腸道腫瘤,良性48例，惡性68例； 余51例為手術或外傷后、腸道炎癥、盲腸過長等。共有117例行腫瘤根治性切除術或相應腸段切除術，50例行單純復位或復位后固定術。2例術后死亡，余均恢復良好，134例隨訪2個月～10年，無腸套疊復發。結論提高對成人腸套疊的認識是診斷的關鍵，檢查應選用B超、CT、鋇灌腸等，治療則首選手術治療。
目的 總結分析普通B超監測引導PTCD方法改進后的優點及經驗。方法 用普通B型超聲診斷儀，腹部扇掃探頭和國產配套的專用PTCD套針及引流管，改進監測引導PTCD的方法，總結分析其方法的優越性。結果 95例梗阻性黃疸患者PTCD成功率為100%，引流效果良好，并發癥發生率為零。結論 用改進普通B超監測引導的方法進行PTCD，能克服在X線下進行PTCD的盲目性，對碘過敏者無禁忌，避免了長時間X線對人體的傷害。同時具有定位準確、費時少、成功率高、并發癥少、價格便宜、適宜在基層醫院推廣應用等優點。