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Clinical Analysis of 196 Cases of Adult Measles

目的:探討成人麻疹的流行病學與臨床特征。方法:回顧性分析196例成人麻疹的臨床資料。結果:患者以外來流動人員及本地農村人口多見,平均年齡26.78歲,多數患者未接種麻疹疫苗或麻疹疫苗史不詳。成人麻疹患者臨床癥狀重,皮疹典型,為充血性斑丘疹,麻疹黏膜斑(Koplik’s spots)明顯,且持續時間長,可合并肝臟和心肌損傷,但并發癥以肺炎和支氣管炎為主。結論:有必要加強成人的免疫接種,尤其是外來的務工人員,強化醫務人員對麻疹的認識,避免麻疹的流行。

西昌市1987年-1997年麻疹流行病學調查

【摘要】　目的　通過對西昌市麻疹發病流行病學調查，探討控制與消除麻疹的對策。　方法　對1987年1月-1997年10月間發生的麻疹病例進行年齡、職業、時間、地區、疫苗接種等因素分析及麻疹抗體水平檢測。　結果　10年間共發生麻疹病例710例，平均年發病率為13.92/10萬；最高為1993年173例（34.61/10萬），最低為1992年10例（1.96/10萬），無死亡病例。全年均可發病，以冬春季較多；主要集中在農村；以散居兒童為主（28.31%），其次為小學生（26.48%）。其中男406例（57.18%），女304人（42.82%），710例中最小年齡6個月，最大年齡40歲。　結論　麻疹發病年齡組提前和后移，提示除搞好計劃免疫外，還應加強麻疹疫苗大年齡組復種和擴大疫苗履蓋面。

罕見腹型蕁麻疹伴高淀粉酶血癥一例分析

西替利嗪滴劑治療慢性蕁麻疹近期療效觀察

【摘要】　目的　觀察西替利嗪滴劑治療慢性蕁麻疹的療效。　方法　選擇2011年4月-2011年8月間80例慢性蕁麻疹患者為研究對象，試驗組40例給予西替利嗪滴劑1次/d，10 mg/次；對照組40例給予氯雷他定1次/d，10 mg/d，均連續服用28 d。分別于用藥后第7、28天隨訪，觀察療效和不良反應。　結果　試驗組治療7、28 d有效率分別為72.5%、87.5%，對照組有效率分別為67.5%、85.0%，兩組比較差異無統計學意義（χ2=0.060，0.081；Pgt;0.05）。　結論　口服西替利嗪滴劑或氯雷他定10 mg/d治療慢性蕁麻疹療效相似，但滴劑劑量調整更準確，在慢性蕁麻疹緩解期的維持減量階段應用更方便。

BCGpolysaccharide Nucleic Acid Combined with Runzao Antipruritic Capsule in Treating Chronic Urticaria

目的：觀察卡介菌多糖核酸聯合潤燥止癢膠囊治療慢性蕁麻疹的療效。方法： 將2008年4月~2009年4月門診就診的86例慢性蕁麻疹患者隨機分成兩組，治療組44例采用卡介菌多糖核酸2 mL肌注，隔日1次，18次為1療程；同時予口服潤燥止癢膠囊4粒，3次/d，連續治療36天；對照組42例單獨口服潤燥止癢膠囊，方法療程同治療組。結果： 治療組有效率為90.91%,對照組為7143%。兩組比較差異有顯著性（Plt;005）。結論： 卡介菌多糖核酸聯合潤燥止癢膠囊治療慢性蕁麻疹療效確切。

Efficacy and Safety of Desloratadine in Chronic Urticaria: A Systematic Review

Objectives　To evaluate the efficacy and safety of desloratadine in the patients with chronic urticaria(cu). Methods　We searched PubMed, Blackwell, BIOSIS Preview, The Cochrane Library, VIP and CNKI electronically from January 1, 2000 to April, 2008. Relevant journals and conference proceedings were also handsearched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing desloratadine with other medicines in the patients with CIU were considered eligible. The quality of the included trials was assessed by the Jadad scale, and meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.0 software. Results　Nineteen trials involving 3,448 participants contributed to the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that desloratadine showed similar effect on the improvement of signs and symptoms compared with loratadine RR 1.04 and 95%CI 0.99 to 1.09, mizolastine in RR 0.99 and 95%CI 0.92 to 1.07, cetirizine RR 1.05 and 95%CI 0.97 to 1.13 and terfenadine RR 1.10 and 95%CI 0.84 to 1.44. And desloratadine had similar safety to mizolastine RR 0.84 and 95%CI 0.45 to 1.58, ceririzine RR 0.67 and 95%CI 0.67 and 0.39 to 1.15 and terfenadine RR 0.44 and 95%CI 0.17 to 1.10. Desloratadine was safer than loratadine RR 0.74 and 95%CI 0.55 to 1.00. Conclusions　Desloratadine, the active metabolite of loratadine, is an oral, once-daily, non-sedating antihistamine that is effective in the treatment of CIU. Desloratadine provides rapid and sustained relief of CIU symptoms.

Effects of Mass Immunization Campaign on the Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles

Objective　To evaluate the effects of mass immunization campaign on the epidemiological characteristics of measles. Methods　Comparison was made between the incidences of measles before and after the mass immunization campaign in 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city. Results　The total number of the reported measles cases reached 460 during 2004 to 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city, and the respective annual rates of incidence were 4.04, 23.53, 11.84, and 33.57, respectively per 100 000 heads. Cases reported from April to July accounted to 73.91% of the total (340/460). Children under 15 were reported to have the highest incidence rate and accounted to 83.70% of the total (385/460), of which incidences of children under 1 accounted to 0%, 10.81%, 13.51% and 25.82%, respectively. Only 20.00% of the subjects (92/460) in this study had a definite history of measles vaccination. After the mass immunization campaign in September, 2007, only 10 cases were reported in 2008 and the incidence rate was 1.58 per 100 000 heads, a 95.29% decrease in incidence rate in comparison with that of the last year. Conclusion　The mass immunization campaign has achieved substantial results.

一起醫務人員院內麻疹聚集性疫情的流行病學調查

目的 對一起醫務人員院內感染麻疹疫情的流行病學特征進行分析，為制定麻疹控制措施提供依據。 方法 對 2015 年 5 月發生在某醫院醫務人員中的一起麻疹疫情的資料進行流行病學分析。 結果 2015 年 5 月 20 日—25 日相繼有 6 名醫務人員發生院內麻疹感染，且均與同一麻疹確診病例有直接接觸史。 結論 應及時辨別和隔離麻疹病例和麻疹疑似病例，做好消毒防護工作，及時接種麻疹疫苗，以避免麻疹疫情的發生。

鹽酸氮卓斯汀治療急性蕁麻疹

【摘要】目的 觀察鹽酸氮卓斯汀片口服治療急性蕁麻疹的療效。方法 2007年10月-2008年11月,采用平行對照方法,共治療134例急性蕁麻疹患者。治療組 68例口服氮卓斯汀2 mg,每日1次,對照組66例口服賽庚定4 mg,每日3次。急性蕁麻疹療程為14 d。結果 治療組顯效率為691%(47/68),有效率為838%(57/66);對照組顯效率為439%(29/66),有效率為576%(38/66),兩組差異有統計學意義(P＜005)。結論 鹽酸氮卓斯汀治療急性蕁麻疹有效。

特應性皮炎與慢性蕁麻疹患者血清白細胞介素-4的檢測

目的　了解特應性皮炎與慢性蕁麻疹患者外周血白細胞介素-4的水平。 方法　采用雙夾心酶聯免疫吸附試驗法（ELASA）對2010年5月－2012年6月皮膚科門診及變態反應門診收治的31例特應性皮炎患者與30例IgE介導慢性蕁麻疹患者進行血清白細胞介素-4檢測。 結果　特應性皮炎與慢性蕁麻疹患者血清白細胞介素-4明顯高于正常人對照組（P＜0.001）。 結論　特應性皮炎與慢性蕁麻疹患者存在循環白細胞介素-4水平明顯異常。