Abstract: Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumours in China, surgery is one of the traditional therapy with a high complications rate. Among them, the anastomotic fistula was significant. At present, with the development of surgical technique, the incidence of anastomotic fistula become lower day by day, postoperative pulmonary complications of esophageal carcinoma has taken place of anastomotic fistula and become the main complications. The causes of pulmonary complication including pulmonary embolism, infection and acute lung injury have been revealed by recent researches. This article reviews the pathogenesis， prophylaxis and therapeutics of postoperative pulmonary complications of esophageal carcinoma.
Objective To investigate and analyze the past and on-going pro-poor programs related to health equity, and the relevant policies, documents, interventions measures, etc. to improve the China prisoners’ accessibility and utilization of tuberculosis (TB) control services in TB control programs, then evaluate their impacts and influences to provide evidences and suggestions for the further work of TB prevention and treatment. Methods Retrieve published documents about TB prevention and treatment of transient population dating from 1998 to 2008 from MEDLINE, PubMed, CNKI, CBMdisc CDDB and VIP with computers. Simultaneously, a series of interviews was conducted after we got the agreement of the interview people by using non-probability statistics methods. Results A total of 23 documents were retrieved, and they were consonant with the criteria, among which 8 were published and 5 were policy documents. The study on the second document showed the measures that presently applied on TB patients among prisoners in China: find patients through surveys, inspect every prisons and patients going to visit doctors with symptoms; concerning differences between various groups of prisoners, the measure of “classify and instruction, enroll together and treat” was applied; carry out health education in the prisons and so on. After the implement of various measures, the knowledge awareness, discovery rate, accomplishment ratio, cure rate and so on were all improved. The results of the qualitative interviews showed: the TB patients and the doubts among prisoners could be well gotten together and isolated to receive DOTS; doctors were able to receive trainings on TB treatment and take appointment with certificate. Conclusion According to the results of qualitative interviews, the published and the secondary documents, it could be seen that DOTS are well implemented with remarkable effects.
如何努力提高膽囊切除術的質量仍是極其重要的臨床問題。隨著腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(LC)的廣泛開展及膽道外科邁向微創手術時代的今日，膽囊殘留病變的發生和危害依然存在，已成為膽道外科中不可忽視的問題。1 膽囊切除后的殘留病變如殘留膽囊、膽囊殘端結石、膽囊管結石、殘留膽囊頸部、膽囊管過長等，術后癥狀依然存在的患者，四處尋醫，常常被戴上“膽囊切除術后綜合征”的帽子，長期得不到有效的治療，其中絕大多數都是因為膽囊切除術的質量問題需要進行有效的治療，而不是膽囊切除術后綜合征的問題。....................
Objective To evaluate the application effect of epilepsy prevention and management project in rural areas of Neijiang City. MethodsAccording to the requirements of the "Rural Epilepsy Prevention and Management Project Work Manual" (2021 edition) of the National Epilepsy Prevention and Management Project Office, the follow-up data of patients in rural areas of Neijiang City from the beginning of the epilepsy prevention and management project to December 2023 were collected, and the patient treatment effect of the project was evaluated. Results The total effective rate was more than 70% after 3 months of treatment, As the treatment time is extended, the total efficiency is upward. Adverse drug reactions occurred mainly in the first 3 months of treatment.The patients dropped out of the group because they did not achieve the expected effect, poor treatment compliance and could not tolerate serious adverse reactions. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of epilepsy in rural areas of our city has a good effect of promotion.The follow-up management of patients in the first 3 months of treatment should be strengthened to ensure the continuity and standardization of treatment.
Objective To determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the risk of postoperative bacteriuria in men undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) who have sterile preoperative urine. Method MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs comparing antibiotic prophylaxis and placebo/blank controls for men undergoing TURP with preoperative sterile urine. The search strategy was established according to the Cochrane Prostatic Diseases and Urologic Cancers Group search strategy. Data was extracted by two reviewers using the designed extraction form. RevMan were used for data management and analysis. Results Fifty three relevant trials were searched, of which 27 trials were included and 26 were excluded. Antibiotic prophylaxis significantly decreased the rate of post-TURP bacteriuria.The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval were 0.36 (0.28, 0.46). Conclusions Prophylactic antibiotics could significantly decrease the incidence of post-TURP bacteriuria. Further comparative RCTs and cost-effective should be performed analysis to establish the optimal antibiotic regimes for the benefit of patients undergoing TURP.
Objective To search evidence of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors for microalbumin-uria in type 2 diabetes for guiding clinical practice. Methods We searched MEDLINE （ 1970 -Jun. 2005 ） to identify randomized controlled trials （RCT）of the effect on angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors to prevent microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. Results One RCT （n =1 204）was identified. The result showed that angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors were significantly more effective in prevention of microalbuminuria than other medicines in type 2 diabetes. However, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors may increase the risk of cardiac mortality. We explained the evidence to patients and they were satisfied with our explanation. Conclusions Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors can decrease the incidence of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
目的:探討新生兒高未結合膽紅素血癥病因構成、發生規律及防治。方法:對340例新生兒高未結合膽紅素血癥進行病因綜合分析。結果:(1)病因以感染因素占首位,其次是溶血因素及圍產因素;(2)病因與發病時間的關系:溶血因素及圍產因素均發生在日齡lt;3 d內,發病日齡gt;3 d以感染因素為主,還有母乳性黃疸。結論:早期新生兒高未結合膽紅素血癥以溶血因素及圍產因素為主,中晚期新生兒高未結合膽紅素血癥則以感染因素為主。故加強圍生期保健,加強預防及抗感染,減少孕期及產時并發癥的發生可有效減少新生兒黃疸的發生。