Lung injury could be classified as acute and chronic injuries, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung function recovery mainly depends on inflammation adjusting, lung and airway remodeling, endogenous stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and tissue repair. The principles of clinical therapy include inhibition of inflammation, balancing coagulation and fibrinolysis, and protective lung ventilation for acute lung injury; while reduction of hyper-secretion, bronchodilation, adjusting airway mucosal inflammation and immunity, as well as improving airway remodeling for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The functional recovery of lung and airway depends on endogenous stem cell proliferation and repair. The purpose of clinical treatment is to provide assistance for lung and airway repair besides pathophysiological improvement.
Objective To investigate the change of vasa vasorum in vessel wall of varicose vein of the lower extre-mity. Methods Thirty-two patients with varicose vein of the lower extremity were collected， in which of 12 patients with simple varicose veins （varicose group）， 9 patients with recurrent varicose veins （recurrent group）， 11 patients withthrombophlebitis of varicose vein （thrombophlebitis group）， 9 patients with normal venous tissue as control group. HE staining was performed to observe the distribution of vasa vasorum and detect the vasa vasorum density. Results The increasing vasa vasorums were observed in the adventitia and media， but few was observed in the intima in the varicose， recurrent， and thrombophlebitis groups. The distribution of vasa vasorum was in the adventitia in the control group. The vasa vasorum densities （/mm2） in the varicose， recurrent， and thrombophlebitis groups （5.65±1.45，6.20±1.73， and 5.94±1.63， respectively） were greater than those in the control group （2.87±0.54）， the difference wasstatistically significant （P＜0.05）， but there was no significant difference of the vasa vasorum density among the varicosevein， recurrent， and thrombophlebitis groups （P＞0.05）. Conclusion Change of vasa vasorum is an important pathol-gical change with the nosogenis of varicose vein of the lower extremity.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs) transplantation on the airway inflammation and airway remodeling in chronic asthmatic mice. Methods Forty female BALB/c mice were equally randomized into four groups, ie. a normal control group, a BMSCs control group, an asthma model group, and a BMSCs transplantation group. BMSCs were generated from male donor mice, then the mice in the asthma model group and the BMSCs transplantation group were sensitized and challenged with OVA to establish chronic asthmatic mice model. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to analyze the effects on airway inflammation and airway remodeling after BMSC engraftment. The number of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells in spleen was detected by flow cytometry. Results In lungs of the asthmamodel group, there were intensive inflammatory cells infiltration around airway and blood vessels, goblet cell proliferation, epithelial desquamation, patchy airway occlusion by hyperviscous mucus, and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle.Airway inflammation and airway remodeling were significantly relieved in the BMSCs transplantation group.There was no obvious inflammatory cells infiltration in the airway and airway remodeling both in the normal control group and the BMSCs control group. The number of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells in spleensignificantly decreased in the asthma model group compared with the two control groups ( P lt; 0. 05) , and significantly increased in the BMSCs transplantation group compared with the asthma model group ( P lt;0. 05) . There was no significant difference in the number of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells in spleen betweenthe control groups and the BMSCs transplantation group. Conclusion BMSCs engraftment can up-regulate CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells and relieve airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthmatic mice.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of pathological manifestations and mechanism of endochondral ossification in osteoarthritis (OA). MethodsThe literature about endochondral ossification, bone-cartilage remodeling in OA, and joints development was reviewed, analyzed, and summarized. ResultsChondrocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, vascular invasion, replication of the tidemark, thickening calcified cartilage, and thinning superficial cartilage are the characteristics of cartilage degeneration in OA. Articular cartilage and growth plate are similar in structure, and cartilage degeneration in OA is similar to a process of endochondral ossification of the growth plate. ConclusionLoss of stability characterization from resting metabolic balance to a high conversion state of temporary cartilage in stimulation of abnormal mechanical stresses and cytokines would subsequently contributed to continual calcification and remodeling of articular cartilage, which may be the key link of the initiation and development of OA.
Objective Engineer heart tissue (EHT) was constructed with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and poly lacticacidCOglycolic acid (PLGA), and grafted onto the surface of myocardial infarction rats. We hypothesized that great omentum wrapping would increase EHT blood supply and ameliorate EHT microenvironment which is in favor of cardiac collagen remodling and heart function. We hope that omentun wrapped EHT could provide a valuable strategy for surgically myocardial infarction therapy. Methods MSCs were isolated from SD rats.Eight weeks after SD rats were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) ligation, 18 rats were enrolled and divided into three groups, group A(n=6): great omentum wrapped MSCsPLGA EHT implantation; group B (n=6):MSCsPLGA EHT implantation; control group (n=6): the myocardial infarction; the sham group (n=6): only opened and closed chest, underwent LAD ligation, but no EHT implantation. Four weeks after transplantation, the following variables were evaluated: specimen stained with picrosirius red, left ventricle function evaluated by echocardiography, infarction ventricular wall motion by color kinesis (CK). Results Hearts of group A showed significantly less fibrosis than group B and control group (Plt;0.05). Infarction ventricular wall motion assessed by CK indicated significantly improvement in group A compared with group B and control group (Plt;0.05). Four weeks after transplantation, cardiac echocardiography showed left ventricle ejection fraction was lower in control group and group B compared with group A (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Transplantation of MSCsPLGA EHT with great omentum wrapping ameliorated infarction ventricular collagen remodeling, ameliorated infarction ventricular wall motion and preserved left ventricular function.
In order to identify whether the regeneration of costal cartilage is the basis of post-surgical repair of pectus excavatum and thoracic cage remodeling, 151 cases were followed up for 0.25 to 14 years. The main procedures in treatment were 3 steps: To curve the mental strut as a bow, to repair the perichondrium as a tube, and to persist in post-operative therapy. The results showed that regeneration of the costal cartilages appeared 3 months postoperatively in the cases treated by this method. It was concluded that a satisfactory thoracic cage could be remodeled by improving the technique of repairing pectus excavatum and persisting in postoperative therapy according to the regeneration regularity.
Objective To elucidate the new concept and theory of neurorestoratology. Methods With the review of the development course and important research works in the field of neurorestoratology during the 20th century, especially recent 30 years, the regularity summary, science and technology philosophy induction, and theory distillation were carried out in this article. Results The new discipl ine system was brought forward as follows: ① Definition: neurorestoratology was asub-discipl ine of neuroscience which studies neural regeneration, neural structural repair of replacement, eruroplasticity and neuromodulation. The core purpose was to promote neural functional recovery of all neural degenerative diseases and damages. ② One central task and two basic points: to recover neurological function was the central research task all the time and the two basic points were the precl inical (basic) neurorestoration and the cl inical neurorestoration. ③ Four rationale of the discipl ine: l imited renovation, relearning, insufficient reserve, and l ifelong reinforcement. ④ Five major factors of neurorestoratology (5N’s dogma): neuroregeneration, neurorepair, neuroplasticity, neuromodulation, neurorehabil itation. “Neuroprotection” appeared to be included in the broad definition. ⑤ Four-step rule of neurorestoratology: structural neurorestoration, signal neurorestoration, rehabil itative neurorestoration, and functional neurorestoration. ⑥ Emphasize that translational medicine from lab to bed in neurorestoration. Conclusion The discipl ine of neurorestoratology has the vast development prospectand will be sure to increase the rapid progress of the basic and cl inical restorative neuroscience.
【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the role of leukocyte activation and inflammatory processes in the disease of chronic venous insufficiency （CVI）. Methods The relevant literatures about the role of leukocyte activation and inflammatory reaction in CVI were reviewed. Results The role of inflammatory reaction in occurrence and development of venous diseases has been studied a lot in recent years. It was found that the leukocyte activation and inflammatory reaction are involved in the structural remodeling of venous valves and walls, leading to valvular incompetence and formation of varicose veins. Conclusion Leukocyte activation and inflammatory processes take important roles in the occurrence and progression of CVI.
The stiffness of an ideal fracture internal fixation implant should have a time-varying performance, so that the fracture can generate reasonable mechanical stimulation at different healing stages, and biodegradable materials meet this performance. A topology optimization design method for composite structures of fracture internal fixation implants with time-varying stiffness is proposed, considering the time-dependent degradation process of materials. Using relative density and degradation residual rate to describe the distribution and degradation state of two materials with different degradation rates and elastic modulus, a coupled mathematical model of degradation simulation mechanical analysis was established. Biomaterial composite structures were designed based on variable density method to exhibit time-varying stiffness characteristics. Taking the bone plate used for the treatment of tibial fractures as an example, a composite structure bone plate with time-varying stiffness characteristics was designed using the proposed method. The optimization results showed that material 1 with high stiffness formed a columnar support structure, while material 2 with low stiffness was distributed at the degradation boundary and inside. Using a bone remodeling simulation model, the optimized bone plates were evaluated. After 11 months of remodeling, the average elastic modulus of callus using degradable time-varying stiffness plates, titanium alloy plates, and stainless steel plates were 8 634 MPa, 8 521 MPa, and 8 412 MPa, respectively, indicating that the use of degradable time-varying stiffness plates would result in better remodeling effects on the callus.
Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of βreceptor blocker on intraventricular pressure gradient and left ventricle remodeling after valve replacement for critical aortic stenosis. Methods Fifty-six patients with critical aortic stenosis underwent aortic valve replacement surgery from January 2008 to January 2010 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Thirtytwo of them who were followed up were selected to be enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups under the same basis of clinical features. Twelve patients in the experimental group received oral βreceptor blocker (Metoprolol, 6.2525.00 mg once, twice daily). The rest 20 patients in the control group had no βreceptor blocker. The various indicators of ultrasound cardiogram (UCG) shortly after operation (within a week) and long after operation (6-24 months) were compared between the two groups. Results No death occurred in both groups, and chest distress, shortness of breath and other symptoms were obviously alleviated. Although left ventricular endsystolic dimension (LVESD) and left ventricular outflow tract dimension (LVOTD) of both groups increased 6-24 months after operation, compared with the early postoperative period, only the increase of LVOTD in the experimental group showed statistical difference (t=-47.937, P=0.001). In both groups, interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), filament band velocity of left ventricular outflow tract (V), intraventricular pressure gradient (G) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) of the later period after operation were significantly lower than those of the early postoperative period. All these indicators in the experimental group showed significant differences (t=7.781, P=0.001；t=5.749, P=0.001; t=2.637, P=0.023; t=7.167, P=0.001; t=100.061, P0.001), while only V, G， and LVMI showed statistical differences in the control group (t=4.051, P=0.001; t= 4.759, P= 0.001; t=-0.166,P=0.001). EF in the experimental group also indicated significant difference compared with early period after aortic valve replacement (t=-6.621, P=0.001). EF between two groups indicated no significant difference (t=-0.354,P=0.726). But differences between the two groups in LVEDD, IVS, G， and LVMI were all statistically significant in the later period after surgery (t=-2.494, P=0.018; t=-3.434, P=0.002;t=-2.171,P=0.038; t=-2.316, P=0.028). Conclusion β-receptor blocker is a safe and reliable drug for those patients who have undergone aortic valve replacement surgery for critical aortic stenosis, and can decrease significantly the residual intraventricular pressure gradient and accelerate left ventricular cardiac remodeling.