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外科治療假性室壁瘤五例

外科治療心臟電風暴三例

手術治療假絲酵母菌相關人工心臟瓣膜心內膜炎一例

重癥心臟瓣膜病合并巨大左心室患者的外科治療

探索心臟病學領域的未知世界

為慶祝Nature Reviews Cardiology創刊10周年，我們5位顧問應邀撰寫專題，探討目前心臟病學領域我們了解并不明晰的幾個問題。在這篇評述性文章中，針對幾個跨度很大的專項問題進行重點探討。外科手術前右心功能評價、非洲心肌病的治療負擔、血流儲備分數（FFR）評價對冠心病治療的指導價值、環境與基因的相互作用在心血管疾病中的作用以及動脈粥樣硬化斑塊破裂的預測難度。來自全球的5位心臟病學領域的領軍人物建議，未來研究應以預防心血管疾病、提高治療效果、降低并發癥發生率和死亡率為目的，積極關注未知領域。

Study on differential expression of Sirtuin1 in type A aortic dissection pateints at diverse ages

ObjectiveTo explore the differential expression of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in type A aortic dissection at diverse ages.MethodsThe expression of SIRT1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in aortic tissue of the patients with type A aortic dissection (an aortic dissection group) and coronary heart disease (a control group) from 2019 to 2020 in the First Hospital of China Medical University was analyzed. In each group, the patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the age (a younger subgroup, <45 years; a middle age subgroup, 45-60 years; an elderly subgroup, >60 years). The quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunochemical stainning were used to detect the mRNA or protein expression of SIRT1 and MCP-1. ResultsA total of 60 patients were included in each group, including 79 males and 41 females. There were 20 patients in the yonger, middle age and elderly subgroups for the two groups, respectively. Compared with the control group, the expression of SIRT1 mRNA decreased in the aortic dissection group (the younger subgroup: 4.54±1.52 vs. 8.78±2.57; the middle age group: 2.70±1.50 vs. 5.74±1.07; the elderly group: 1.41±1.33 vs. 3.09±1.14, P<0.001). Meanwhile, SIRT1 mRNA in the aortic dissection group declined with age (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, SIRT1 protein expression decreased significantly in the aortic dissection group (the younger group: 0.64±0.18 vs. 1.18±0.47; the middle age group: 0.43±0.26 vs. 0.69±0.32; the elderly group: 0.31±0.24 vs. 0.45±0.29, P<0.01). The Western blotting results showed that the expression of SIRT1 protein in the aortic dissection group decreased with age (P<0.01). The MCP-1 protein expression of younger and middle age patients in the aortic dissection group was increased compared with that in the control group (the younger group: 0.65±0.27 vs. 0.38±0.22; the middle age group: 1.08±0.30 vs. 0.46±0.36, P<0.001). MCP-1 expression increased with age (P<0.01). The result of immunohistochemical staining for SIRT1 protein was similar to that of Western blotting.ConclusionThe expression of SIRT1 decreases in patients with aortic dissection disease, and declines with age. SIRT1 may play an important role in the treatment and screening of type A aortic dissection.

右心粘液瘤的外科治療

Risk Factors Analysis of Kidney Injury after On-pump and Offpump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute kidney injury（AKI）after onpump coronary artery bypass grafting(on-pump CABG) and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (off-pump CABG) in order to provide superior renal protective measure after operation. Methods The clinical data of 849 consecutive patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting（CABG） in a single institution between January 1990 and August 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. A simplex module and a multivariate logistic regression model were constructed to identify risk factors for the development of AKI. Results AKI were occurred in 61 patients （11.8%，61/518） undergone off-pump CABG and 63 patients （19.0%，63/331） undergone onpump CABG. Peak of serum creatinine (Scr) after operation arrived at the 12th hour and 24th hour in patients undergone off-pump CABG and patients undergone on-pump CABG respectively. The rapidly recovering period of Scr in patients undergone off-pump CABG and on-pump CABG were from the 24th hour to the 48th hour and from the 48th hour to the 72th hour respectively.The results of the multivariate forward stepwise logistic regression analysis found that risk factors for the development of postoperative AKI following isolated CABG were associated with heavy body mass index（OR=1.190，1.179）, emergent procedure（OR=2.737，3.678）, diabetes（OR=1.705，2.042）, peripheral vascular disease（OR=2.002，2.559）,ejection fraction≤30%（OR=2.267，4.606）, and New York Heart Association(NYHA) class Ⅲ and Ⅳ（OR=1.861，1.957） were risk factors for the development of postoperative AKI following offpump and on-pump CABG; pulse pressure≥60mmHg and triplevessel disease were risk factors for the development of postoperative AKI following off-pump CABG. But perioperative and postoperative intra aortic balloon pumping (IABP) could make protective effect on kidney for on-pump CABG （OR=0.146）which could lessen development of AKI. Conclusions It is critical period for AKI that renal protection strategies should be performed from general anesthesia until postoperative 48 hours (off-pump CABG) and 72 hours (on-pump CABG). AKI might be the most important stage in which a positive test should increase the physician’s awareness of the presence of risk for renal injury and then preventive or therapeutic intervention could be performed when the situation still is reversible.

Surgical Treatment for Chronic Total Occlusion of Coronary Artery with Offpump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Objective To investigate the surgical therapy for chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary artery with offpump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). Methods From Aug. 1999 to Oct. 2007, 696 patients with 853 totally occluded coronary arteries (127 coronary arteries lack of opacification while the other 726 arteries with reverse flow showed by coronary angiography) underwent OPCAB. A total of 2 231 grafts were constructed including 136 placed to coronary endarterectomy (CE) targets and 28 arterialized middle cardiac veins. Blood flow was detected during operation in 26 coronary arteries with no opacification in preoperative angiography, while no blood flow was detected in 63 coronary arteries with opacification in preoperative angiography. Cardiopulmonary bypass was applied in 15 cases because of a poor hemodynamics and 6 of which were assisted with intraaortic balloon pump(IABP). Results All patients survived the operation. 6 died in hospital because of low cardiac output (2 cases), renal failure (2 cases), perioperative cardiac infarction (1 case) or cerebrovascular accident (1 case). Stress ulceration occurred in one case, mediastinal infection occurred in another case after operation. Both were treated medically and recovered. 692 patients were followed up and the rate of flup was 99.42%(685/686)， with 4 withdrawal. Freedom from cardiac angina was 99.85%(685/686) and cardiac functional grading (NYHA) was Ⅰ-Ⅱ. Conclusion OPCAB can be well performed in patients with chronic total occlusion of coronary arteries. The ralue of coronary angiography for evaluating totally occluded coronary artery is limited, and endoscope or intravascular ultrasound techniques may be helpful.

慢性縮窄性心包炎手術徑路的選擇

目的 探討慢性縮窄性心包炎的外科最佳手術徑路選擇，總結臨床經驗。方法 回顧性分析 1970年9月至 2009年 9月中國醫科大學附屬第一醫院收治 538例慢性縮窄性心包炎患者的臨床資料，按手術徑路不同將其分為兩組，胸骨正中切口組： 324例，男 204例，女 120例，年齡（ 44.5±10.0）歲；左胸前外側切口組： 214例，男 130例，女 84例，年齡（ 46.5±6.8）歲。比較兩組患者術后心功能和并發癥發生情況。結果 胸骨正中切口組死亡 1例，術后 2 d死于頑固性室性心律失常。左胸前外側切口組死亡 9例，其中死于多器官功能衰竭 1例，呼吸衰竭 2例，低心排血量綜合征 2例，嚴重肺部感染 3例；1例于第 3次復發手術中發生左心室破裂死亡。胸骨正中切口組心功能較左胸前外側切口組明顯改善，中心靜脈壓較左胸前外側切口組降低，胸腔積液、肺炎和膿胸發生率均低于左胸前外側切口組（ P＜ 0.05）。隨訪 385例（胸骨正中切口組 231例、左胸前外側切口組 154例），隨訪時間 3個月～ 15年，心功能明顯改善，均恢復正常工作和學習。胸骨正中切口組縮窄性心包炎復發 4例，左胸前外側切口組復發 17例，均經相應的治療治愈或好轉。結論 心包剝脫術是治療慢性縮窄性心包炎的有效手段，胸骨正中切口徑路是外科治療慢性縮窄性心包炎最佳的手術徑路。