Objective?To evaluate the value of various CT features in differentiating renal angiomyolipoma (RAML) with minimal fat and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods?The Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBase, and the Chinese Periodical Wed (CNKI, CBM, VIP) were searched. They were searched from Jan 2001 to Nov 2008. Trials screening, quality assessment, and data extraction was conducted according to the inclusion criteria recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. The SROC curve and meta-analyses were performed by Meta-disc 1.4. Results?Seven trials, involving 482 patients and 513 tumors, were included. The studies were highly homogonous. It was considered that 8 features including single or multiple lesions, scanning density, calcification, angle with cortex, levering-cortex-up sign, lesions pro-trusion, homogeneous enhancement, and prolonged enhancement, played certain roles in differentiating RAML with minimal fat and RCC. Among these features, interface with the cortex was the most important, and the features of homogeneous enhancement and prolonged enhancement were the second most important. Conclusion?Besides measuring lipoid tissue in the tumor, there are another 8 features which are valuable to the differentiation of RAML with minimal fat and RCC.
ObjectiveTo summarize clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features of hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma (HEAML) and to explore its diagnostic and differential diagnostic methods.MethodThe clinical and imaging manifestations, pathological morphology and immunohistochemical features of 5 patients with HEAML from August 2011 to December 2017 in this hospital were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThere were 2 males and 3 females in the 5 patients with HEAML, aged 38–64 years with an average age of 50 years. There were 2 cases of the left lobe tumors and 3 cases of the right lobe tumors. Three cases were diagnosed as the hepatocellular carcinoma and the other two cases were diagnosed as the hepatic hamartoma and (or) hemangioma by the preoperative imaging examination. The diameter of tumors ranged from 1.5 cm to 7.0 cm, with an average of 3.6 cm. Microscopically, the tumors were composed of more epithelioid smooth muscle cells, parenchyma vessels and a small amount of fat. The immunohistochemical results showed that the melan-A, HMB45, and SMA were positive, while the HepPar-1, AE1/AE3, EMA, CD117, Dog-1, CD10, CgA, Syn, and Desmin were negative. The Ki-67 proliferation index was 2%–10%. The patients were all alive without the tumor recurrence after following up for 2–76 months with an average of 31.4 months.ConclusionsHEAML is a rare primary mesenchymal tumor of liver, which should be misdiagnosed for other benign or malignant tumors for influencing clinical treatment. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis can be made by histopathology and immunohistochemical staining.
【摘要】 目的 探討頸部對稱性脂肪瘤的診斷和治療。 方法 對2004年3月-2010年10月收治的5例頸項部脂肪瘤患者，其臨床癥狀、體征、術前術后處理及結果等臨床資料進行回顧。 結果 5例均為男性，以頸、項部大量皮下脂肪堆積為主要臨床表現，其中1例伴有胸部上分皮下脂肪堆積，呈對稱性隆起。3例患者伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征，2例患者有睡眠打鼾但無明顯呼吸暫停。4例患者有脂肪肝和長期酗酒史，但肝功能無異常改變，其中1例（1/4）有多次乙醇中毒史。1例患者無酗酒史，但訴經常作頸部刮痧治療。5例均行外科手術切除，術中見腫瘤為白色無包膜脂肪組織。術后隨訪3個月~2年，1例術后1年復發，未行再次治療，其余未見明顯復發。 結論 頸部對稱性脂肪瘤是脂肪組織彌漫性、對稱性沉積于頸胸部皮下淺筋膜間隙和（或）深筋膜間隙的良性疾病。患者以中年男性居多，長期的酗酒史及典型的臨床表現對于該病的診斷有一定幫助，但酗酒可能并非唯一病因。對于影響美觀及功能的患者，其手術療效較理想。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of symmetric lipomatosis in the neck. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, signs, preoperative and postoperative management, and the treatment outcome of five patients with symmetric lipomatosis hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of West China Hospital between March 2004 and October 2010. Results All the five patients are male with a large quantity of subcutaneous fat deposit in and around the neck. Among them, one patient demonstrated extending upper thorax mass in the form of symmetrical apophysis; three experienced obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome, and two had the symptom of snoring without apnea. Four patients had a long history of alcohol abuse with fatty liver, but had no liver dysfunction. In these four patients, one had alcoholism for many times. One out of the five patients had no history of alcohol abuse, but said to have been treated by a traditional Chinese medical technique GUASHA. All the patients underwent resection surgery, during which a large amount of noncapsulated white adipose tissue was confronted. The duration of follow-up lasted from three months to two years. There was one case of recurrence one year after the surgery and the patient refused re-operation. No obvious recurrence was found in the rest of the group. Conclusions Symmetric lipomatosis is a benign lesion characterized by diffused and symmetric accumulation of adipose tissue in the superficial or deep fascia space in the cervico-thoracic region. It mainly takes place in the middle-aged people. Long history of alcohol abuse and typical clinical manifestations can help to reach the diagnosis, but alcoholism may not be the only cause in etiology. Surgery may be the feasible therapeutic modality up to now.
目的報告8例肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的影像學特征及病理學特點，探討其診斷與治療方法。方法對8例經手術及病理證實的肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的術前影像學表現（B超、CT、MRI、99mTcPMT）、手術情況及病理特點進行分析。結果B超： 腫瘤呈強回聲光團6例，低回聲光團2例； 邊界清楚7例，血供豐富、內部回聲不均勻4例，其中1例內部呈分隔網狀結構。彩色Doppler超聲示腫瘤血供豐富，均測及動脈頻譜，阻力指數為0.4～0.5。靜脈造影示腫瘤內血流信號明顯增加。CT： 平掃示腫瘤呈低密度影7例，不均勻5例，邊界清楚7例，腫瘤內見軟組織影2例，脂肪成分2例。增強掃描示動脈期明顯強化，門脈期及延遲期逐漸呈低密度。MRI: 腫瘤呈短T1、長T2信號，增強后強化明顯，脂肪抑制后短T1變成長T1。99mTcPMT示腫瘤呈放射性增強，5 min相腫塊區呈放射性缺損，2 h、5 h延遲相腫塊區未見放射性填充，肝血池相腫塊呈放射性填充。病理及免疫組化： 腫瘤由成熟的脂肪、血管及平滑肌組成，HMB45陽性。術前確診3例。結論B超示強回聲光團，CT呈低密度影中出現軟組織影、脂肪成分，增強明顯，MRI出現脂肪信號，脂肪抑制后短T1變成長T1，增強明顯。99mTcPMT示腫瘤呈放射性增強，5 min相呈放射性缺損，延遲相未見放射性填充，肝血池相呈放射性填充。這些是肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的影像學特點，結合病史可作出診斷。此病應盡早手術治療，行肝部分切除術。最后確診依靠病理檢查及免疫組化分析。
Hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor of the liver, which has highly variable imaging appearances, often leads to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The images of 2 patients with HAML confirmed by pathology were presented in this study, and the typical imaging features of the HAML, the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, and the differential diagnosis were briefly summarized so as to deepen the understanding of HAML and to improve the diagnosis and differential diagnosis abilities of HAML, then reduce the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of the HAML.
【摘要】 目的 探討腎上腺髓樣脂肪瘤的彩色多普勒超聲表現和超聲診斷價值。 方法 回顧性分析2005年3月-2010年9月58例61個經手術及病理證實的腎上腺髓脂肪瘤病灶的彩色多普勒超聲表現，對病變的大小、內部回聲特點及血流特點進行分析。 結果 在2005年3月-2007年12月的28個病灶超聲診斷出腎上腺病變23個，正確率82.1%；診斷為髓脂肪瘤2個，正確率7.1%；漏診1個，誤診4個。2008年1月-2010年9月，33個病灶超聲診斷出腎上腺病變30個，正確率90.9%；診斷為髓脂肪瘤19個，正確率57.6%；無漏診，誤診3個。52個病灶超聲表現為邊界清晰，形態基本規則，內部呈均勻中等強回聲（與腎集合系統回聲相當），內部未測及血流信號， 另8個病灶表現為中等強回聲與低回聲相間。 結論 腎上腺髓樣脂肪瘤具有特征性的彩色多普勒超聲聲像圖表現， 可用于發現病變并對多數腎上腺髓樣脂肪瘤做出定性診斷。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the value of sonographic diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma. Methods Sonographic findings from 58 patients with pathologically proved adrenal myelolipoma from March 2005 to September 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The size of the lesion, internal echo features, and characteristics of blood flow were observed and analyzed. Results In 28 patients with pathologically proved adrenal myelolipoma from March 2005 to December 2007, adrenal lesions was diagnosed in 23 with an accurate rate of 82.1%; adrenal myelolipoma was diagnosed in two with an accurate rate of 7.1%; missed diagnosed in one; misdiagnosed was in four. In 33 patients with pathologically proved adrenal myelolipoma from January 2008 to September 2010, adrenal lesions was diagnosed in 30 with an accurate rate of 90.9%; adrenal myelolipoma was diagnosed in 19 with an accurate rate of 57.6%; no missed diagnosed occurred; misdiagnosed was in three. The sonographic features in 52 lesions were smooth borders and homogeneous hyperechoic; no color Doppler flow signal inside was detected. Conclusion Adrenal myelolipoma has special sonographic features. Ultrasonography is a reliable imaging method for the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma.
:目的:探討腎上腺髓樣脂肪瘤的臨床、影像學及病理特點。方法:回顧性分析28例腎上腺髓樣脂肪瘤患者的臨床資料,結合文獻分析其特點。結果:28例患者腫瘤均經手術切除,并經病理檢查證實為腎上腺髓樣脂肪瘤,隨訪至今未見復發。結論:腎上腺髓樣脂肪瘤的診斷主要依靠B超、CT和MRI,術前診斷困難,確診需經病理學檢查,手術切除是有效的治療方法。