The incidence of esophageal cancer (EC)is high in China. In recent years, vascular tumor embolus (VTE)has become a common pathological finding after esophagectomy. Multiple studies show that VTE is the result of multiple contributing factors, and is correlated to patients' prognosis. Many researchers confirm that VTE is positively correlated with the risk of lymph node metastasis. Optimal treatment for VTE patients has not yet reached a consensus. Research progress of VTE in EC is reviewed.
ObjectiveTo characterize the dynamic expression of Robo3 in the rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE), and assess the potential contribution of Robo3 to epileptogenesis. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=6) and the experimental groups (n=30, 6 per group). The experimental groups were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with an aqueous solution of lithium-pilocarpine, and sacrificed at different time points (1, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days) following the seizure. The control group was i.p. with 0.9% sodium chloride instead of pilocarpine. Quantitative real-time PCR were used to detected the mRNA expression of Robo3 and Western bolt were used to detected the protein expression of Robo3. ResultsQuantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression of Robo3 were significantly lower in the rat temporal lobe tissues of the latent and the chronic period group as compared with the controls(P < 0.05), but no significant differences were identified between the acute period group and the controls(P > 0.05). Western blot showed that the protein expression of Robo3 were significantly lower in the rat temporal lobe tissues of the latent and the chronic period group as compared with the controls(P < 0.05), no significant differences were identified between the acute period group and the controls(P > 0.05). ConclusionsRobo3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy.
ObjectiveTo explore the dynamic changes of microvessels in the hippocampal CA3 area in mice model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) induced by pilocarpine. MethodsEighteen health SPF male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and status epilepticus (SE) group. The SE group was subdivided into three groups:SE-7 days, SE-28 days and SE-56 days. SE was induced by intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine. And immunohistochemical staining was used to detected the localization of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). ResultsIn the control group, PECAM-1 labeled microvessels arranged in a layered structure, and the microvessel of the orient layer was most prominent. After SE, the microvessels started to form an unorganized vascular plexus and appeared fibrous and fragmented, which was prominent at SE-28 days. Furthermore, the microvessels density increased the top at SE-28 days compared to the control (P < 0.001). ConclusionThe angiogenesis exists during the hippocampus formation in the mice model of TLE induced by pilocarpine, which could direct a new explanation for TLE formation and development.
Objective To explore the protective effects of liver X receptor-αactivator ( LXRα)T0901317 on rats with acute lung injury ( ALI) . Methods Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three goups, ie. a control group, a LPS group, and a T0901317 group. Artery blood gas analysis,lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio,myeloperoxidase activity, and lung histopathological changes were measured.The expressions of LXRαand TNF-αmRNA in lung tissue were detected by RT-PCR. The protein levels ofTNF-αand LXRαwere examined with ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results In the ALI rats, PaO2 decreased, lung W/D weight ratio and myeloperoxidase activity increased significantly compared with the control group ( P lt; 0. 05) . Histopathological examination also revealed obvious lung injury. In theLPS group, the expression of TNF-αmRNA in lung tissue and the level of TNF-αprotein in lung homogenate and serum increased markedly( all P lt; 0. 05) while the expression of LXR-αmRNA declined significantly ( P lt; 0. 05) . Immunohistochemical staining showed that lung tissues of the normal rats expressed LXRαsignificantly but in the LPS group the expression of TNF-αand LXR-αin lung tissue decreased markedly ( P lt;0. 05) . After the treatment with T0901317, the expressions of LXR-αin lung tissues were significantly higher than those in the LPS group both at the mRNA and the protein level ( P lt; 0. 05) . Conclusion T0901317 plays an anti-inflammatory effect through up-regulating the expression of LXR-αand suppressing the expression of TNF-α, thus reduces the infiltration and aggregation of inflammatory cells in lung tissue.
Objective To explore the effect of short-term low-frequency electrical stimulation (SLES) during operation on nerve regeneration in delayed peripheral nerve injury with long gap. Methods Thirty female adult Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 160-180 g, were used to prepare 13-mm defect model by trimming the nerve stumps. Then all rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, 15 rats in each group. After nerve defect was bridged by the contralateral normal sciatic nerve, SLES was applied in the experimental group, but was not in the control group. The spinal cords and dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) were harvested to carry out immunofluorescence histochemistry double staining for growth-associated proteins 43 (GAP-43) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at 1, 2, and 7 days after repair. Fluorogold (FG) retrograde tracing was performed at 3 months after repair. The mid-portion regenerated segments were harvested to perform Meyer’s trichrome staining, immunofluorescence double staining for neurofilament (NF) and soluble protein 100 (S-100) on the transversely or longitudinal sections at 3 months after repair. The segment of the distal sciatic nerve trunk was harvested for electron microscopy and morphometric analyses to measure the diameter of the myelinated axons, thickness of myelin sheaths, the G ratio, and the density of the myelinated nerve fibers. The gastrocnemius muscles of the operated sides were harvested to measure the relative wet weight ratios. Karnovsky-Root cholinesterase staining of the motor endplate was carried out. Results In the experimental group, the expressions of GAP-43 and BDNF were higher than those in the control group at 1 and 2 days after repair. The number of labeled neurons in the anterior horn of gray matter in the spinal cord and DRGs at the operated side from the experimental group was more than that from the control group. Meyer’s trichrome staining, immunofluorescence double staining, and the electron microscopy observation showed that the regenerated nerves were observed to develop better in the experimental group than the control group. The relative wet weight ratio of experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=4.633,P=0.000). The size and the shape of the motor endplates in the experimental group were better than those in the control group. Conclusion SLES can promote the regeneration ability of the short-term (1 month) delayed nerve injury with long gap to a certain extent.