ObjectiveTo systematically review the correlation between the birth number and the risk of breast cancer of Chinese female. MethodsWe electronically searched databases including the CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases from inception to September 1st 2015, to collect case-control studies about the correlation between the number of births and the risk of breast cancer among Chinese female. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed by using Stata software. ResultsA total of 14 case-control studies involving 3 428 patients and 3 906 controls were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:the females who had term birth had significant lower incidence of breast cancer than those without childbirth history (OR=0.429, 95%CI 0.322 to 0.571). Subgroup analysis based on the number of term birth showed that:Compared with the female without childbirth history, those who had term birth of one time (OR=0.464, 95%CI 0.321 to 0.670), two times (OR=0.394, 95%CI 0.269 to 0.576) and≥3 times (OR=0.340, 95%CI 0.232 to 0.499) had significant lower incidence of breast cancer. ConclusionTerm birth is a protective factor for breast cancer of Chinese female, and more times of term birth will decrease the risk of breast cancer.
Using 70 SD white rats, diveded in two groups at random, after the common carotid artery wa(?) exposed, anastomosis of the artery was done by whole-layer suture and suture without including the endothelial layer, respectively. The rate of patency of both groups immediately after operation was 100 percent, where as in late stage, 94 percent and 97 percent, respectively. From the histologic exam ination, it was found that in the group of whole-layer suture, the time required to cover the sutureline with endothelium was delayed and there was rupture of the clastic fibers.
An increasing number of health system researchers use systematic review to synthesize research evidence to inform the development of health policies at global and national levels. However, there are methodological challenges facing the health system research in undertaking systematic reviews of health policy literatures. This paper explored the constraints and promise of systematic review as a tool for evidence-based health system research in developing countries. It introduced the systematic review method and its evolution in health research over the past decades. The paper then discussed the definition of health system research, as system science, and contrasted its features/characteristics to those of medical research. It discussed and analyzed if the systematic review could be an effective tool for evidence-based health system research, particularly in developing countries. The paper concludes that the systematic review may be a very useful tool that can be used for evidence-based health system research to address specific policy issues; however, research on some health system/policy issues may not be appropriate to use the systematic review at all.
In order to understand the influence of the free tendon graft and the tendon transfer on their blood supply, histological and biochemical changes during healing following repair of the damaged tendon after the alteration of the nourishing environment, an experiment was carried on 36 New Zealand white rabbits. In the front paws of the rabbits, the free tendon graft was sutured in the tendon defect of flexor of the fourth toe and the flexor tendon of the third toe was transferred to the second toe to reconstr...
Objectives To investigate the correlation between blood total cholesterol (TC) and prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and to provide references for clinical treatment and prognosis assessment. Methods We included 232 ISSNHL patients with total deafness in Wenzhou Central Hospital from June 2015 to March 2017 using a prospective cohort design. Recording information including age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vertigo, level of blood total cholesterol (TC), level of triglyceride (TG), level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and LDL/HDL ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C) were collected. Correlation between the prognosis of ISSNHL and blood total cholesterol were analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results The clinical effective rate of patients with TC ranging from 5.2 mmol/L to 6.2 mmol/L was higher than that of patients with TC lower than 5.2 mmol/L (univariable: RR=6.49, 95%CI 3.16 to 13.30, P<0.001; multivariable-adjusted covariates: RR=6.15, 95%CI 2.66 to 14.3,P<0.001) with significant difference. No significant difference was found between patients with TC lower than 5.2 mmol/L and patients with TC higher than 6.2 mmol/L (univariable: RR=1.02, 95%CI 0.52 to 2.00,P=0.960; multivariable-adjusted covariates: RR=1.61, 95%CI 0.55 to 4.73, P=0.386). Gender-specific analysis showed for both male and female groups, the effective rates of patients with TC ranging from 5.2 mmol/L to 6.2 mmol/L were significantly higher than those of patients with TC lower than 5.2 mmol/L. There was no significant difference between patients with TC lower than 5.2 mmol/L and patients with TC higher than 6.2 mmol/L (P>0.05) in either male group or female group. Conclusion The current study suggests that patients with levels of TC ranging from 5.2 mmol/L to 6.2 mmol/L predicts the best prognosis.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical results of repairing bone defect of limbs with tissue engineering technique and with autogeneic iliac bone graft. METHODS: From July 1999 to September 2001, 52 cases of bone fracture were randomly divided into two groups (group A and B). Open reduction and internal fixation were performed in all cases as routine operation technique. Autogeneic iliac bone was implanted in group A, while tissue engineered bone was implanted in group B. Routine postoperative treatment in orthopedic surgery was taken. The operation time, bleeding volume, wound healing and drainage volume were compared. The bone union was observed by the X-ray 1, 2, 3, and 5 months after operation. RESULTS: The sex, age and disease type had no obvious difference between groups A and B. all the wounds healed with first intention. The swelling degree of wound and drainage volume had no obvious difference. The operation time in group A was longer than that in group B (25 minutes on average) and bleeding volume in group A was larger than that in group B (150 ml on average). Bone union completed within 3 to 7 months in both groups. But there were 2 cases of delayed union in group A and 1 case in group B. CONCLUSION: Repair of bone defect with tissue engineered bone has as good clinical results as that with autogeneic iliac bone graft. In aspect of operation time and bleeding volume, tissue engineered bone graft is superior to autogeneic iliac bone.
ObjectiveTo summarize the developments of oxygen-generating materials as biomaterials and its applications in tissue engineering. MethodsThe recent literature on oxygen-generating materials as biomaterials was extensively reviewed, illustrating the properties and applications of oxygen-generating materials in tissue engineering. ResultsOxygen-generating materials as biomaterials have good biocompatibility and degradability. It supports the cell adhesion differentiation and growth. It is used for repairing liver, pancreas, myocardium, and so on. After modification, oxygen-generating materials can be extensively used in tissue engineering. ConclusionOxygen-generating materials is a good biomaterial, which has a great potential applications in tissue engineering.
Esophageal carcinoma is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and surgery is the main treatment currently. With the development of patient-centered care, the effect of surgery should not be limited to the improvement of the incidence of postoperative complications, mortality and other indicators. It is also important to provide experience related to disease and surgery from the perspective of patients. Therefore, more and more attention is paid to patient-reported outcomes by scholars. This paper will provide an overview of the international widely used, reliable and effective scales and researches about patient-reported outcomes in esophageal carcinoma.
As the incidence of lung cancer continues to rise, segmentectomy has emerged as a favored surgical technique for treating selective early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients, gaining increasing support from thoracic surgery specialists. However, there remains a deficiency in clinical guidance concerning indications and other related aspects for segmentectomy. In April 2023, a collaborative effort among 15 Asia thoracic surgery experts led to the publication of the "Asian expert consensus on segmentectomy in non-small cell lung cancer: A modified Delphi study". This study presents a total of 36 expert consensus agreements across three aspects: patient indications, surgical approaches, lymph node assessment, outlining key principles of them. This paper intends to provide a brief interpretation of these consensuses for the reference of colleagues in clinical practice.
This experiment was to study the blood supply of diffcrent types of skin flaps and the revascularization of the host region. The types of skin flaps used in this cxpcriment were the axial pattern flap and the random pattern flap on the back of rabbite. Forty New Zealand rabbits were divided into 5 groups at random. In gathering the data For assessment, besides the local changes such as color, swelling of the flaps, the area of survival of flaps after division of the pedicles, the tests used to observe the postoperative changes included the isotope (99mTc) clearance test, intravenous orescein test, tissue transparent method by perfusion of the flap vessels with Chengdu ink and histologie study. The following conclusions cule be drawn: The complete revaseularization of random pattern flap occurred at 10 days after operation and that of xaial pattern flap was 14 days, the random pattern flaps had a quicker rate of revascularization. It was suggested that the flap ischemia was a factor which enhanced revascularization.