目的:評價低分子肝素(Low molecular weight heparins,LMWH)皮下注射持續時間對注射后皮下出血和疼痛的影響。方法:納入2003年~2004年3月于我院行LMWH皮下注射的住院患者52例,以肚臍兩側作為注射點,任選一側行首次注射,12 h后于另一側以相同劑量注射。臍右注射持續10秒(對照組),臍左持續30秒(實驗組)。于注射后48 h、72 h觀察注射點有無皮下出血,并用透明紙質毫米尺測量出血面積,用視覺類比量表(Visual analog scale,VAS)測量疼痛強度,記錄疼痛持續時間。采用卡方檢驗及配對t檢驗對兩組皮下出血發生率及面積、疼痛強度及持續時間等指標進行對比分析。結果:實驗組和對照組皮下出血的發生率分別為38.5%(n=20)和61.5%(n=32)(P=0.035)。注射后48h、72h,實驗組的出血面積均顯著低于對照組(48h:17.5±7.3 mm2 VS 101.2±15.0 mm2,P=0.008;72h:20.7±8.0 mm2 VS 110.4±13.5 mm2,P=0.016)。實驗組的注射后疼痛積分為13.0±6.4 mm,對照組為21.5±7.0 mm(P=0.021)。實驗組疼痛持續時間顯著低于對照組(42.5±14.2 s比73.2±20.0 s,P=0.030)。結論:肝素皮下注射持續時間能顯著影響注射后皮下出血和疼痛形成,注射時間持續至30秒能有效降低皮下出血發生率及面積,并顯著減輕疼痛強度、縮短疼痛時間。
【摘要】 目的 比較上臂三角肌下緣及腹部臍周皮下注射藥物的疼痛程度以及兩種注射部位藥物注射后局部不良反應。 方法 將2009年9月-2010年5月在我院門診注射室執行皮下注射的患者200例。采用自身對照,分別在三角肌下緣與腹部臍周行皮下注射,根據視覺模擬評分法,對所有患者進行疼痛程度評估,將所得數據進行對比分析。 結果 腹部臍周皮下注射較上臂三角肌下緣注射疼痛評分低,差異有統計學意義(Z=6.02,Plt;0.005),兩組注射局部均無不良反應。 結論 腹部臍周皮下注射疼痛程度較上臂三角肌下緣皮下注射疼痛程度輕。【Abstract】 Objective To compare the difference in pain degrees between subcutaneous injection at the lower edge of upper arm deltoid and at the abdominal peri-umbilicus, and to observe the adverse reactions of the two ways of injection. Methods A total of 200 patients who were in the outpatient injection room from September 2009 to May 2010 were injected subcutaneously at the lower edge of upper arm deltoid and the abdominal peri-umbilicus with the method of self control; the pain degrees were assessed by visual analog score and the data were analyzed. Results The pain scores between the two groups differed much (Z=6.02,Plt;0.005), while the difference in space distributions between the two groups was not significant. Conclusion The pain of subcutaneous injection at the abdominal peri-umbilicus is lighter than that at the lower edge of upper arm deltoid.