Objective To investigate the effectiveness of pretreatment with mixture of lidocaine and flurbiprofen axetil in reducing injection pain of propofol. Methods One hundred and sixty ASI I–II patients undergoing general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into four groups (40 cases in each group): the control group, the lidocaine (Lc) group, the flurbiprofen axetil (FA) group and the mixture of lidocaine and flurbiprofen axetil (hereafter termed as “mixture”) group. After the occlusion of venous drainage, patients were pretreated with 7 mL of 0.9% saline in the control group, 5 mL (50 mg) of flurbiprofen axetil and 2 mL of 0.9% saline in the FA group, 2 mL (40 mg) of 2% lidocaine and 5 mL of 0.9% saline in the Lc group, and 5 mL (50 mg) of flurbiprofen axetil and 2 mL (40 mg) of 2% lidocaine in the mixture group, respectively. The occlusion was released 2 min later and then 0.5 mg/kg propofol was injected into the vein within 5 s. During injecting propofol, the patients were asked by another anesthetist to assess and record their pain through using VSR. Results No significant differences in the demographic characteristics were found among the four groups. In comparison with the control group, the incidence rates of propofol injection pain were obviously lower in the mixture group, the FA group and the Lc group (Plt;0.05); there was a significant reduction in the incidence rate of pain in the mixture group compared with the other three groups. The median pain score was significantly lower in the mixture group and the Lc group than that in the control group. During the 24 hour follow-up after operation, neither the adverse events such as red-swelling in injection site, phlebitis or drug eruption, nor the gastrointestinal stimulating signs were found. Conclusion The mixture of flurbiprofen axetil and lidocaine is found to be more effective in reducing injection pain of propofol.
ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of perioperative anaesthesia management in postoperative headache induced by thyroidectomy. MethodsA 1:1 age and operation time matched case-control design study was performed. General anesthesia patients for elective thyroidectomy with postoperative headache (case group, VAS score >4) and without postoperative headache (control group, VAS score ≤4) were recruited. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors of postoperative headache after 24 and 48 hours of operation by using SPSS 18.0 software. ResultsA total of 134 patients were included; of which, 67 were in the case group and the other 67 were in the control group. The results of univariate analysis showed that female and administration of flurbiprofen axetil might be the risk factors of postoperative headache. The further multivariate analysis showed that administration of flurbiprofen axetil was significantly associated with decreased postoperative headache (OR=0.387, 95%CI 0.185 to 0.811). ConclusionPerioperative anesthesia management has a certain influence on postoperative headache induced by thyroidectomy. The use of flurbiprofen axetil during operation could reduce the incidence rate of postoperative headache.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of COX inhibitor flurbiprofen axetil in relieving propofol injection pain and preemptive analgesia after general anesthesia. Methods Databases such as PubMed, CBM, Springer, Ovid, CNKI and ISI were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about flurbiprofen axetil in relieving propofol injection pain and preemptive analgesia after general anesthesia published from 2000 to 2010. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was assessed and the data were extracted according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.0.1. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 4.2.10 software. Results A total of 15 RCTs involving 1 425 patients were included. The results of meta-analyses showed that: a) Relieving propofol injection pain: Compared with the placebo group, flurbiprofen axetil could prevent the propofol injection pain (RR=3.13, 95%CI 1.08 to 9.11, P=0.04), and relieve the moderate and severe pain in injecting propofol (RR=0.57, 95%CI 0.40 to 0.81, P=0.002; RR=0.14, 95%CI 0.05 to 0.34, Plt;0.000 1, respectively), but there were no significant differences in relieving mild pain between the two groups; b) Preemptive analgesia: the visual analog scale (VAS) of post-operation at 2-hour (WMD= –2.25, 95%CI –4.20 to –0.29, P=0.02), 4-hour (WMD= –1.99, 95%CI –3.19 to –0.79, P=0.001), 8-hour (WMD= –1.39, 95%CI –1.86 to –0.93, Plt;0.000 01) and 12-hour (WMD= –2.70, 95%CI –4.73 to –0.68, P=0.009) was decreased when flurbiprofen axetil was injected before the operation, but there were no significant differences in VAS of post-operation at 48-hour between the two groups. When flurbiprofen axetil was injected at the end of the operation, VAS of post-operation at 12-hour (WMD= –0.94, 95%CI –1.73 to –0.16, P=0.02) was decreased, but there were no significant differences in VAS of post-operation at 24-hour between the two groups; flurbiprofen axetil could lessen the need for opioid analgesics (RR=0.47, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.82, P=0.008); and c) Safety: there were no significant differences in postoperative nausea, vomit and somnolence between the two groups. Conclusion Flurbiprofen axetil can significantly prevent or relieve the propofol injection pain; flurbiprofen axetil injected before operation can relieve post-operative pain at 2-, 4-, 8- and 12-hour; flurbiprofen axetil injected at the end of the operation can relieve post-operative pain at 12-hour. Yet more RCTs are required to discuss its effects on nausea, vomit and somnolence.
目的:探討甲狀腺手術中氟比洛芬酯對丙泊酚—瑞芬太尼麻醉效果的影響。方法:將210例擇期丙泊酚—瑞芬太尼麻醉下行甲狀腺手術患者隨機分為對照組和氟比洛芬酯組,每組105例。于切皮前30 min,對照組靜脈注入等量生理鹽水10mL,氟比洛芬酯組經靜脈注入氟比洛芬酯注射液100 mg。分別記錄患者麻醉前10 min (T0)、切皮時(T1)、切皮后10 min (T2)、切除腺體時 (T3)以及拔管時 (T4) 的血流動力學 (SBP、DBP、HR) 的變化以及術后口述描述評分(VRS)。結果:與對照組比較, 氟比洛芬酯組T14時SP、DP均降低,兩組差別有統計學意義(Plt;005)。氟比洛芬酯組離開手術室時無痛率明顯高于對照組,兩組差別有統計學意義(Plt;005)。結論:氟比洛芬酯對丙泊酚—瑞芬太尼麻醉下行甲狀腺手術患者血流動力學影響小,且減輕術后疼痛,術后恢復更為舒適。