ObjectiveTo observe the characteristics of blue light(BLAF) versus near infrared wavelength (IRAF) fundus autofluorescence in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients. MethodsSeventy-seven eyes of 81 patients diagnosed with CSC were enrolled in this study. According to the duration of disease, patients were divided into acute CSC group and chronic or recurrent CSC group. All patients were examined with fundus fluorescein angiography, including BLAF and IRAF. There were forty-six patients (47 eyes) with acute, thirty-one patients (34 eyes) with chronic or recurrent CSC. The characteristics of BLAF and IRAF in CSC were compared. ResultsIn acute CSC, there were nineteen eyes (40.4%) showed scattered hyper-fluorescence corresponding to the leaking points, eleven eyes (23.4%) showed mottled hypo-fluorescence in BLAF; while 17 eyes (36.2%) showed normal change corresponding to the leaking points. There were 35 eyes can be observed serous retinal detachments in the BLAF images, 21 eyes (60.0%) showed hypo-fluorescence and 14 eyes (40.0%) showed hyper-fluorescence. In the IRAF images, 25 eyes (53.2%) showed mottled fluorescence corresponding to the leaking points, 11 eyes (23.4%) presented with scattered hyper-fluorescent spots and normal fluorescence. The serous retinal detachments of 26 eyes exhibited hypo-fluorescence in the IRAF images. In chronic or recurrent CSC, 19 eyes (55.9%) showed scattered hyper-fluorescence corresponding to the leakage points; followed by no abnormal change in 10 eyes, accounting for 29.4%; few showed mottled hypo-fluorescence (5 eyes 14.7%). There were 35 eyes (41.2%) can be observed serous retinal detachments in the BLAF images. IRAF mainly displayed mottled hypo-fluorescence (22 eyes, 64.7%), ten eyes (29.4%) presented with scattered hyper-fluorescence and 2 eyes (5.8%) presented without abnormal change. The serous retinal detachments of 3 eyes (8.8%) exhibited hypo-fluorescence in the IRAF images. ConclusionsFor acute CSC, a variety of fluorescence were showed in BLAF images and the proportion of the various fluorescences was similar; hypo-fluorescence was showed in the IRAF images. For chronic CSC, hyper-fluorescence was showed in BLAF while hypo-fluorescence in the IRAF images.
In recent years, the subthreshold micropulse laser is a kind of laser mode which is characterized by long intermittence. It achieves effective therapeutic effect while minimizes the damage to tissues. At present, it has been used to treat diabetic macular edema. Early studies suggested that the laser selectively acts on retinal pigment epithelial cells to reduce macular edema by regulating the expression of inflammatory biomarkers, growth factors, heat shock proteins and other substances. In recent years, with the development of research, more and more emphasis has been placed on the role of retinal glial cells. Müller cells are also considered as one of the target cells affected by micropulse laser, but there is no evidence of direct or indirect effects of micropulse laser on Müller cells. In the near future, it is expected that we will have more clinical evidence to confirm the target cells of the micropulse laser, which may be further confirmed by in vitro experiments through Müller cells or Müller cells co-cultured with retina pigment epithelium cells, so as to make a more detailed statement on the mechanism of it.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder that causes an unexplained increase in intracranial pressure. Its main clinical manifestations include chronic headache, visual impairment, and typical unilateral or bilateral disk edema found on fundus examination. The diagnosis of IIH depends on the exclusion of other diseases that may cause increased intracranial pressure and further confirmation by systemic and neurological imaging. Current treatment strategies for IIH include lifestyle adjustments for weight loss, pharmacological interventions, and surgery if necessary to reduce intracranial pressure and relieve patient-related symptoms. Maximum protection and restoration of visual function. In the future, it is necessary to further improve the IIH diagnostic process and criteria to guide personalized treatment and prognosis judgment. The effective use of artificial intelligence technology for image segmentation and combined image omics analysis is expected to improve the accuracy of IIH intelligent diagnosis, achieve earlier and more accurate disease detection, and provide patients with a more personalized treatment path.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterized by an unexplained increase in intracranial pressure that primarily affects obese women of childbearing age, but individuals of any age, gender, or weight may also be affected. Its signature symptoms include disc edema, headache, visual disturbance, and throbbing tinnitus. Due to potentially serious complications, such as vision loss, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment management are critical to improving patients' quality of life. Ophthalmologists play a key role in the treatment process, as about half of patients first visit the eye department. Diagnosis of IIH depends not only on clinical presentation, but also on the exclusion of other diseases that may cause similar symptoms, and imaging and other tests to ensure an accurate diagnosis. In order to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficiency, multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment mode is advocated, especially in the face of patients with complex trauma or systemic diseases, which can effectively shorten the treatment time and ensure patient safety. Future research directions include establishing China's IIH epidemiological database, exploring clinical diagnosis and treatment methods and basic scientific research, aiming at forming diagnosis and treatment standards suitable for China's national conditions, improving medical level and improving patient prognosis. At the same time, a deeper understanding of the different forms of IIH will better serve the affected populations.
ObjectiveTo analyze the protein expression changes in the retina of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in rats.MethodsThe rat NAION (rNAION) model was established by Rose Bengal and laser. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, the normal control group, the laser control group, the RB injection control group, and the rNAION model group, with 5 rats in each group. The right eye was used as the experimental eye. The retina was dissected at the third day after modeling. Enzyme digestion method was used for sample preparation and data collection was performed in a non-dependent collection mode. The data were quantitatively analyzed by SWATH quantitative mass spectrometry, searching for differential proteins and performing function and pathway analysis.ResultsCompared with the other three control groups, a total of 184 differential proteins were detected in the rNAION group (expression fold greater than 1.5 times and P＜0.05), including 99 up-regulated proteins and 85 down-regulated proteins. The expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein, guanine nucleotide binding protein 4, laminin 1, 14-3-3γ protein YWHAG were increased. Whereas the expressions of Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1, secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 5, and Clathrin coat assembly protein AP180 were decreased. The differential proteins are mainly involved in biological processes such as nerve growth, energy metabolism, vesicle-mediated transport, the regulation of synaptic plasticity, apoptosis and inflammation. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and complement and thrombin reaction pathway was related to the disease.ConclusionThe protein expressions of energy metabolism, nerve growth, synaptic vesicle transport and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway can regulate the neuronal regeneration and apoptosis in NAION.
Idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasis (IPT) is a retinal vascular disease which is characterized by foveal and parafoveal telangiectasia. The main clinical manifestations are retinal telangiectasis, reduced retinal transparency, retinal venular dilatation, yellow exudation, retinal pigment epithelial lesions, retinal hemorrhage, macular atrophy, macular hole or lamellar hole, subretinal neovascularization and retinal detachment. According to the clinical characteristics and features of fluorescein angiography, IPT can be divided into 3 types and 6 subtypes. Laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, and intravitreal injection of glucocorticoid or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, can reduce the macular edema and neovascularization. However, due to the unclear etiology of IPT, the existing treatment measures are not specific for its etiology. We need to work hard to understand further the clinical features and pathogenesis of IPT and search the targeted treatments based on its pathogenesis mechanism.