摘要:目的:減少胎膜早破患者產科并發癥的發生。方法:將我院于2005年1月至2006年12月收治的217例胎膜早破的患者設為對照組，將2007年1月~2008年12月收治的248例胎膜早破的患者設為觀察組。對照組采用教科書上傳統的方法進行護理,觀察組正確地判斷胎膜早破,胎兒宮內狀況評估,產前選擇正確的臥位,加強對產前、產時、產后規范的監護,積極預防感染等措施。結果:積極的醫療處理有效地減少了產后出血,胎兒宮內窘迫,切口感染的發生。結論:對胎膜早破的患者,盡早地采取正確、有效的護理干預措施,能減少產科并發癥的發生,保障母兒的健康。Abstract: Objective: To reduce maternal obstetrics complications of premature rupture of membranes occurred. Methods: From in January 2005 to December 2006, treated 217 cases of premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women as control group, from January 2007 to December 2008 treated 248 cases of premature rupture of membranes as observation group. The control group used the traditional textbook approach to care. The observation group to determine the correct premature rupture of membranes, fetal assessment, pregnant women to choose the correct prelying, strengthen the preproduction, the postnatal care norms positive measures such as the prevention of infection. Results:The suitable medication and nursing procedure could effectively reduce postpartum hemorrhage, fetal distress, the occurrence of incision infection. Conclusion: The maternal premature rupture of membranes, as soon as possible to take the correct and effective nursing interventions can reduce the incidence of obstetric complications to protect the health of mothers and infants.
ObjectiveTo understand the characteristics of and risk factors for nosocomial infection in a newly built branch of a university teaching hospital, in order to investigate the control measures for prevention and control of nosocomial infection. MethodsA total of 598 cases of nosocomial infection from April 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled in this study. We analyzed statistically such indexes as nosocomial infection rate, infection site, pathogen detection, and use of antibiotics. Meantime, infection point-prevalence survey was introduced by means of medical record checking and bedside visiting. ResultsAmong all the 44 085 discharged patients between April 2012 and June 2014, there were 598 cases of nosocomial infection with an infection rate of 1.36%. Departments with a high nosocomial infection rate included Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (9.79%), Department of Orthopedics (2.98%), Department of Geriatrics (2.62%), and Department of Hematology (1.64%). The top four nosocomial infection sites were lower respiratory tract (45.32%), urinary tract (13.21%), operative incision (8.86%), and blood stream (8.86%). The samples of 570 nosocomial infections were delivered for examination with a sample-delivering rate of 95.32%. The most common pathogens were acinetobacter Baumanii (17.02%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.21%), Escherichia coli (13.68%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.93%), and Staphylococcus aureus (9.12%). And urinary tract intubation (42.81%), admission of ICU (28.60%), and application of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents (26.42%) were the top three independent risk factors for nosocomial infection. ConclusionGeneral and comprehensive monitoring is an effective method for the hospital to detect high-risk departments, factors and patients for nosocomial infection, providing a theoretical basis for prevention and control of nosocomial infection.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is currently a world-wide major public health event. Since study sites of clinical trials are primarily at healthcare institutions and investigators are primarily clinicians, the epidemic inevitably has a huge impact on a large number of ongoing clinical trials. The proper implementation of clinical trials in key aspects and the quality of core data collection will greatly influence the validity of the final results. In this paper, we analyzed the potential impact of the outbreak of a new epidemic infectious diseases on the clinical trials from seven aspects, which involves the selection of study participants, randomization, blinding, implementation of intervention measures, follow-up of primary outcomes, safety monitoring and project management. Corresponding countermeasures were put forward.
Objective To evaluate the effects of mass immunization campaign on the epidemiological characteristics of measles. Methods Comparison was made between the incidences of measles before and after the mass immunization campaign in 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 460 during 2004 to 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city, and the respective annual rates of incidence were 4.04, 23.53, 11.84, and 33.57, respectively per 100 000 heads. Cases reported from April to July accounted to 73.91% of the total (340/460). Children under 15 were reported to have the highest incidence rate and accounted to 83.70% of the total (385/460), of which incidences of children under 1 accounted to 0%, 10.81%, 13.51% and 25.82%, respectively. Only 20.00% of the subjects (92/460) in this study had a definite history of measles vaccination. After the mass immunization campaign in September, 2007, only 10 cases were reported in 2008 and the incidence rate was 1.58 per 100 000 heads, a 95.29% decrease in incidence rate in comparison with that of the last year. Conclusion The mass immunization campaign has achieved substantial results.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of bundle strategies on the prevention and control of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in intensive care unit (ICU), in order to effectively prevent and control the severe situation of multiple drug-resistant bacteria in ICU.MethodsWe selected patients who admitted into the ICU from January 2016 to December 2017 as study subjects, and monitored 6 types of MDROs. Basic information was surveyed and collected from January to December 2016 (before intervention), while bundle strategies on MDROs were implemented from January to December 2017 (after intervention), including issusing isolation orders, hanging isolation marks, wearing isolation clothes, using medical articles exclusively, cleaning and disinfecting environment, implementing hand hygiene, etc. Then we compared the MDRO detection rate, nosocomial infection rate, MDRO nosocomial infection rate, and compliance rates of interventions between the two periods.ResultsThe MDRO detection rate before intervention was 77.10%, and that after intervention was 49.12%, the difference between the two periods was statistically significant (χ2=69.834, P<0.001). The nosocomial infection rate of ICU decreased from 23.51% before intervention to 15.23% after intervention, the MDRO nosocomial infection rate decreased from 13.70% before intervention to 5.84% after intervention, and the differences between the two periods were statistically significant (χ2=8.594, P=0.003; χ2=13.722, P<0.001). The compliance rates of doctor’s isolation orders, hanging isolation marks, wearing isolation clothes, using medical articles exclusively, cleaning and disinfecting environment, and hand hygiene, as well as the correct rate of hand hygiene after intervention (92.12%, 93.55%, 81.77%, 84.24%, 82.90%, 77.39%, and 96.37%) were significantly higher than those before intervention (31.94%, 52.00%, 23.43%, 48.18%, 67.16%, 59.46%, and 88.64%), and the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.001).ConclusionThe implementation of the above bundle strategies on the prevention and control of MDROs can decrease the MDRO detection rate and MDRO nosocomial infection rate.
目的:探討白內障超聲乳化術中發生后囊破裂的原因及處理措施。方法:總結我科2006～2008年近3年間施行的白內障超聲乳化術患者508眼,人為將超乳手術過程分為超聲乳化、吸出皮質、植入人工晶體三個階段,對發生術中后囊破裂的26眼患者進行原因分析。結果:發現后囊破裂可發生在手術每個階段,發生原因多與術者操作技巧有關,少數與患者自身因素有關。結論:嚴格的篩選患者,提高手術技巧,醫生高度的責任心,良好的超乳設備是預防及處理手術并發癥的關鍵。