ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical features of an adult patient with occult cerebral alveolar echinococcosis with liver and lung infection. MethodsA Tibetan male patient in his middle age from the epidemic area of echinococcosis infection was diagnosed to have liver, lung and cerebral alveolar echinococcosis infection in Ganzi People's Hospital. He had the resection surgery, and the pathological result confirmed the primary diagnosis. We searched the literatures from January 1985 to December 2015 for occult cerebral alveolar echinococcosis and reviewed all the full texts in China Journal Full-text Database. Seventeen articles were qualified and 42 patients were reported. Combining with the relevant English literature using Medline, we analyzed the epidemic, pathophysiological and clinical manifestations of cerebral alveolar echinococcosis infection and explored the methods of prevention and treatment. ResultsAccording to the results of literature analysis, cerebral alveolar echinococcosis appeared often secondary to infection of other organs. Nervous system symptom concealed or progressed slowly; imaging and pathological tests were important for diagnosis. Resection surgery was the essential method of cure. ConclusionAlveolar echinococcosis can affect multiple organs. In patients without neurological symptoms, if other organs are found to be infected, it is important to screen patients with intracranial involvement. Because this kind of patients with intracranial lesions with hydatid are often secondary to other organ infection, active treatment in early phase is necessary in order to avoid further expansion of lesions and metastasis.
Inpatients after COVID-19 infection, especially those admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), may encounter a series of coagulation dysfunction, which may lead to thrombosis, such as pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or arterial thrombosis (AT). Although there are many literatures on the incidence rate, prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection, there are few data on the symptomatic and subclinical incidence rate of VTE after COVID-19 infection discharge. Therefore, there are no specific recommendations or guidelines for the prevention of VTE after discharge from hospital due to COVID-19 infection, and the current guidelines are controversial. In this study, we reviewed and summarized the existing literature on the incidence rate, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 infection, in order to provide guidance for VTE prevention in patients with COVID-19 infection after discharge.
Intracranial Acinetobacter baumannii infection is a rare clinical disease with a gradual increase in incidence and extremely high mortality. With the continuous enhancement of bacterial resistance, more and more intracranial infections of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii have appeared in the clinic, and its treatment has become a major challenge and problem faced by neurosurgeons. The treatment difficulties include the selection, usage and dosage of antimicrobial agents, as well as whether cerebrospinal fluid drainage is needed. A standardized treatment plan is still needed. In this paper, combining domestic and foreign literature, the treatment of intracranial infection of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii will be reviewed in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment.