目的:分析探討終末期慢性腎衰竭(CRF)并急性左心衰的發病機制及救治措施。方法:對36例各種原因所致的終末期CRF患者并急性左心衰采用藥物控制血壓,降低外周血管阻力,減輕心臟后負荷及采用血液透析等方法,減輕心臟前負荷,控制心衰。結果:36例患者2286次來院救治并發急性左心衰1144次,搶救成功1138次,成功率99.5%。結論:終末期CRF并急性左心衰據發病機理不同,給予不同處理,關鍵是盡快控制血壓,脫水,降低外周血管阻力和控制血容量,降低心輸出量。
Objective To investigate the effects of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) on patients with acute left heart failure. Methods Twenty patients with acute left heart failure diagnosed between September 2013 and July 2014 were randomized into treatment group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Both groups used conventional sedations, diuretics and drugs that strengthened the heart and dilated the vessels, while early use of NPPV was applied in the experimental group. Arterial blood gas analysis [pH value, pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)], heart rate (HR), respiration, duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay and invasive mechanical ventilation, duration of overall mechanical ventilation, and success case numbers before and two hours after treatment were observed and analyzed. Results For the control group, two hours after treatment, PaO2 was (67.0±8.5) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), HR was (124±10) times/min, Respiration was (34±4) times/min, the duration of ICU stay was (6.0±1.1) days, invasive ventilation was for (32.0±3.1) hours, and the total time of mechanical ventilation was (32.0±3.1) hours. Those indexes for the treatment group two hours after treatment were: PaO2, (82.3±8.9) mm Hg; HR, (98±11) times/min; respiration, (24±4) times/min; the duration of ICU stay, (4.0±0.8) days; invasive ventilation time, (16.0±1.3) hours; the total time of mechanical ventilation, (26.0±1.8) hours. All the differences for each index between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Early application of NPPV can rapidly relieve clinical symptoms and reduce the medical cost for patients with acute left heart failure.
目的 評價重癥急性左心衰竭患者機械通氣時采用咪達唑侖與嗎啡聯合持續鎮靜的效果。 方法 選擇2007年4月-2010年4月在重癥醫學科(ICU)進行有創機械通氣的重癥急性左心衰竭患者86例,隨機均分為咪達唑侖組(A組)、咪達唑侖聯合嗎啡組(B組)。采用Ramsay鎮靜評分,使每例患者鎮靜水平達RamsayⅢ~Ⅳ級。觀察起效時間、鎮靜時間、停藥后蘇醒時間和停藥后拔管時間;監測鎮靜12 h后的血氣分析及血流動力學參數的變化。 結果 B組起效時間、鎮靜時間、停藥后蘇醒時間和停藥后拔管時間明顯短于A組(P<0.05)。且鎮靜12 h后B組血氣分析及血流動力學較A組明顯改善(P<0.05)。 結論 重癥急性左心衰竭患者機械通氣時使用咪達唑侖聯合嗎啡鎮靜能達到滿意鎮靜效果,同時改善重癥急性左心衰竭患者的低氧血癥和高碳酸血癥。
目的 探討大劑量西地蘭聯合小劑量酒石酸美托洛爾經靜脈途徑治療急性左心衰伴快速心室率心房顫動的療效與安全性。 方法 將2005年6月-2012年2月收治的76例急性左心衰伴快速心室率心房顫動患者,隨機分配至對照組(39例)與治療組(37例),對照組靜脈注射西地蘭,治療組靜脈注射西地蘭與小劑量酒石酸美托洛爾,分別在用藥開始時及用藥開始后全程監測收縮壓、心室率、呼吸頻率、手指脈搏血氧飽和度(SpO2)、呼吸困難程度、肺部啰音與治療2 h時尿量,記錄急性左心衰改善時間。 結果 兩組患者在治療開始時心室率(P=0.246)、呼吸頻率(P=0.390)、收縮壓(P=0.525)與SpO2(P=0.482)均無統計學意義;在治療整個過程中,兩組患者收縮壓與治療2 h尿量均無統計學意義(P=0.264);在治療開始后30、60、90、120 min時治療組患者心室率均顯著低于對照組(P=0.000)。治療組患者從在治療開始到急性左心衰改善的時間明顯短于對照組(P=0.003)。試驗期間無1例患者出現病情惡化或死亡。 結論 在排除美托洛爾禁忌癥的前提下,在嚴密監測肺部啰音及指氧飽和度的情況下,對那些平時心功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ級的急性左心衰伴快速心室率心房顫動患者,在經靜脈途徑給予大劑量西地蘭的同時,間斷多次靜脈注射小劑量美托洛爾,能安全有效地控制過快心室率,縮短急性左心衰竭持續時間。