目的 報道臨床藥師參與抗結核藥物致結核性胸膜炎待診患者多形紅斑型藥疹的臨床藥學實踐的經驗。 方法 1例結核性胸膜炎待診患者在2011年11月3日出現皮疹后，臨床藥師根據患者的用藥情況及病情變化，提供咨詢意見，與臨床醫師共同制定不良反應的臨床處理措施。 結果 推斷為鏈霉素所致的多形紅斑型藥疹，積極處理后患者病情好轉。 結論 臨床藥師參與藥學監護，有利于處理藥物不良反應。
Objective To systematically review the effectiveness and model building process of heparin treatment for animal model with smoke inhalation injury. Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched to collect animal experiments about the treatment of heparin for animal model with smoke inhalation injury from inception to November 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of nine studies involving 11 animal experiments were included. The results showed that building animal model with smoke inhalation injury were through burning of cotton towels or pine sawdust by sheep or rats below 40℃. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in mortality rate between two groups (heparin group vs. control group: RR=0.38, 95%CI 0.14 to 1.05, P=0.06; heparin plus DMSO group vs. DMSO group: RR=0.10, 95%CI 0.01 to 1.51, P=0.10). In addition, the pulmonary artery pressure (MD=–3.31, 95%CI –4.51 to –2.11, P<0.000 01), wet to dry weight ratio (MD=–0.90, 95%CI –1.19 to –0.61, P<0.000 01), and lung water content (MD=–1.18, 95%CI –1.67 to –0.70, P<0.000 01) of the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. PaO2/FiO2 after 12 hours (MD=131.00, 95%CI 59.54 to 202.46, P=0.000 3), PaO2/FiO2 after 24 hours (MD=114.00, 95%CI 60.56 to 167.44, P<0.000 1), PaO2/FiO2 after 48 hours (MD=46.00, 95%CI 20.62 to 71.38, P=0.000 4) were higher than those in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in coagulation function between both groups. Conclusion The current evidence shows that the establishment of animal model of smoke inhalation injury is still lack of standard method. Heparin can decrease pulmonary artery pressure and lung water content in animal models with smoke inhalation injury. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, the above conclusions are still needed to be verified by more high quality studies.
目的 了解2007年-2008年成都地區17家醫院消化系統藥物的使用狀況。 方法 采用限定日劑量（DDD）的方法，對成都地區2007年-2008年17家醫院消化系統用藥的銷售金額、用藥頻度（DDDs）等進行統計分析。 結果 2007-2008年成都地區17家醫院消化系統用藥總金額分別為12 527.89萬元和16 446.21萬元，居所有藥物銷售總額的第5位。在金額排序和用藥頻度排序中，抗潰瘍藥、肝病用藥居于前列。 結論 消化系統藥物的應用狀態與同期的整體增長保持一致，相比上一年略有上漲。抗潰瘍藥中的質子泵抑制劑以其優異的性價比，引領著消化系統藥物銷售額的增長。
Objective To evaluate the effect of physician-nurse-pharmacist collaboration on cardiovascular disease risk factors in diabetes patients. Methods Randomized controlled trails (RCTs) on collaboration among physicians, nurses and pharmacists for reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors in diabetes patients were collected from Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline (Ovid SP), Embase, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, VIP and WanFang. We screened the retrieved studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated the quality of included studies, and then performed meta-analysis with the Cochrane Collaboration’s Revman 5.3.0 software. Results Seven RCTs were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the change in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly reduced in the collaboration group than in usual care group [SMD=–0.39, 95%CI (–0.56, –0.21),P<0.000 1;SMD=–0.30, 95%CI (–0.43, –0.18),P<0.000 01;SMD=–0.37, 95%CI (–0.64, –0.11),P=0.006;SMD=–0.11, 95%CI (–0.16, –0.06),P<0.000 1]. Conclusions Collaboration among physicians, nurses and pharmacists is effective for reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors in diabetes patients. But its long-term efficacy still needs to be confirmed by performing higher quality, large sample RCTs with long-term follow-up.