Objective To evaluate the effects of peripheral venous remaining needle sealing with heparin vs. saline in China. Methods A comprehensive, systematic bibliographic search of medical literature from databases of CNKI (1994 to December, 2009) and Wanfang (1990 to December, 2009) was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to catheter sealing with saline vs. heparin. The remaining time of venous needle, the incidence of phlebitis and the catheter blockage were compared, and the quality of RCTs was assessed and meta-analyses were conducted by RevMan 5.0 software. Results Nine RCTs involving 1 770 patients were included. The results of meta-analyses showed that: a) There was a significant difference between heparin sealing and saline sealing in catheter blockage (OR=0.44, 95%CI 0.32 to 0.62, Plt;0.05). The heparin sealing was much better to prevent catheter blockage; b) There was no significant difference between saline sealing and heparin sealing in the incidence of phlebitis (OR=1.26, 95%CI 0.64 to 2.50, Pgt;0.05); and c) The average remaining time of venous catheter between saline sealing and heparin sealing had significant difference (WMD=0.24, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.43, Plt;0.05). Heparin sealing had better effect than saline sealing. Conclusion The meta-analyses of current medical literature in China show that heparin sealing can reduce the incidence of catheter blockage and prolong the remaining time of catheter, although there is no significant effect in the aspect of the incidence of phlebitis.
Blood purification, as a critical medical intervention for renal function replacement, metabolic waste clearance, and homeostasis maintenance, relies heavily on the optimization of therapeutic solutions to ensure clinical efficacy. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the formulation design, biocompatibility, and clinical outcomes of blood purification solutions, driven by progress in clinical medicine and biomedical engineering. This article systematically elaborates on the latest research developments in key therapeutic solutions, including continuous renal replacement therapy replacement fluids, hemodialysis dialysate, hemodialysis catheter lock solutions, and peritoneal dialysate. By synthesizing current evidence, the aim is to offer scientific guidance for clinicians in selecting optimal treatment regimens while exploring future directions and emerging trends in the development of blood purification solutions.
目的 探討靜脈留置針封管用肝素誘導的血小板減少癥（HIT）的臨床特點。 方法 分析2010年1月－2011年12月，在1 215例靜脈留置針肝素封管患者中發生的14例HIT患者的臨床表現，血小板（PLT）、HIT抗體的變化，氯吡格雷、阿加曲班、地塞米松等治療的結果。 結果 1 215例患者中：發生HIT 14例，發生率1.15%；HIT并血栓形成綜合征4例，發生率0.33%。14例HIT患者中：經典型12例，占85.7%。出血7例，發生率50.0%，其中1級、2級出血發生率分別為42.9%（6/14）、7.1%（1/14），分別占出血的85.7%（6/7）、14.3%（1/7）。血栓形成4例，發生率28.6%，其中靜脈血栓3例，占血栓形成的75.0%。14例均發生于肝素封管后第1～14天，其中第6～7天8例，占57.1%。PLT降低到最低值的時間為肝素封管后2～10 d內，其中2～5 d內13例，占92.9%。PLT降低的最低值為（1.81～101）×109/L，其中PLT（20～70）×109/L12例，占85.7%；PLT降至最低時下降的比值為51.1%～90.1%，其中50%～80%10例、占71.4%。1例至28 d死亡時血小板沒有恢復至肝素封管前水平，其余13例患者PLT減少持續時間5～13 d，其中5～10 d 10例，占76.9%。14例（100%）HIT患者HIT抗體陽性，其中13例（92.9%）在PLT開始減少時即陽性，1例在PLT減少2周后呈陽性。14例HIT患者中12例（85.8%）痊愈，1例（7.1%）腦血栓后遺癥，1例（7.1%）死于急性肺栓塞。 結論 靜脈留置針封管用肝素可導致HIT，PLT減少及血栓、HIT抗體是診斷的可靠依據。及時停用肝素，必要時抗凝、抗PLT、類固醇激素治療效果好，部分患者進展快，死亡率高。