創傷、手術、感染、燒傷等極度應激狀況下的危重患者常出現應激性高血糖； 非糖尿病危重患者類似糖尿病的癥狀； 糖尿病危重患者則高血糖程度明顯加重。 創傷后出現不同水平的高血糖，隨著血糖的增高，其死亡危險性也呈階梯樣成倍增長［1，2］……
Objectives To explore the efficacy of humidified and heated high flow oxygen therapy for the critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU) after extubation. Methods From January 2014 to December 2016, 487 patients were enrolled. Patients were allocated to two treatment groups randomly, which were humidified and heated high flow oxygen therapy group (236 patients, HFM group, aged 55.3±21.1 years old) and routine oxygen therapy group (251 patients, TO group, aged 58.4±19.3 years old). Blood oxygen saturation, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), respiratory frequency, incidence rate of reintubation, ventilator-free days, ICU length of stay, and hospital stay were assessed and compared between the HFM group and the TO group. Results The hospital stay was similar in two groups. There were more ventilator-free days in the HFM group (P<0.05), fewer patients required reintubation (4.2%vs. 10.4%, P<0.05) and less ICU length of stay [(10.5±6.1) dvs. (14.3±8.5) d, P<0.05]. PaO2/FiO2 of the HFM group were better than the TO group after extubation at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in respiratory frequency and PaCO2. Conclusions Humidified and heated high flow oxygen therapy can supply a better oxygenation for patients after extubation in ICU. It could be a common therapy in ICU for the critically patients after extubation.
In order to identify the incidence of nosocomial pulmonary infection in surgical critical care patients in our hospital, we studied 800 patients discharged from surgical intensive care unit between May 1992 to Dec. 1994. One hundred and six episodes of pulmonary infection were found in 96 cases, in which 20 cases had been re-infected. The infection rate was 12.0%. The age of patients, APACHE- Ⅱ score and duration in ICU were closely related to the incidence of pulmonary infection. Tracheal intubation, tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation were the predisposing factors. The prevalent pathogens were pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter, staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans. 54.7% of cases were infected with more than one pathogens, and 36.8% of cases had fungal infection. The prevention and treatment are also discussed.
目的:研究地震對非傷員的其他內外科危重患者急診醫療的影響。方法:采用病例對照研究方法,研究和分析汶川地震發生前后一周急診科內外科危重患者情況。結果:地震后內外科危重患者數量明顯減少,轉診患者和救護車來診比例降低,但搶救患者比例增加,優化處理流程后急診診療時間明顯縮短。結論:雖然地震期間急診科內外科危重患者總量減少,但存在搶救患者比例增加和院前急救資源減少的問題。應該重視這部分患者的急救醫療需求以及優化處理流程。