Early and mid-stage esophageal cancer can achieve a particular effect through surgeries or comprehensive treatment based on surgery. Once the esophageal cancer progresses to the advanced stage, it is still lack of effective remedy for the disease, and the patient's prognosis is poor. Immunotherapy has developed rapidly in recent years, bringing dawn to patients with advanced esophageal cancer. On July 31, 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved KEYTRUDA (Merck) for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and it became the first milestone drug for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In the paper, we will review the progress of immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer on the basis of current clinical researches, which might provide ideas for further studies in the immunotherapy for esophageal cancer.
目的 總結胸部創傷流行病學及臨床特征，為創傷的預防和救治提供科學依據。 方法 回顧性分析 2005～2015 年我院胸心外科連續收治 1 250 例胸部創傷患者的臨床資料。根據患者傷情，分別采用無創性保守治療、胸腔閉式引流術、開胸探查止血術、肋骨內固定術及其他胸部及心臟創傷的修補術。觀察創傷患者致傷類型、創傷部位、治療方式與臨床預后以及 2012 年前后時間分布及其相關性。 結果 全組男 999 例（79.9%）、女 251 例（20.1%），平均年齡（44.0±17.7）歲。非穿透性損傷 885 例（70.8%），穿透性損傷 365 例（29.2%），死亡 8 例（0.64%）。肋骨骨折 766 例，骨折內固定手術干預占 16.1%（123/766），手術復位內固定患者平均住院時間明顯短于保守治療患者（9.55 dvs. 16.38 d，t=6.574，P=0.000）。2012 年后非穿透性損傷較 2012 年前有所升高（81.8%vs. 66.3%），而穿透性損傷較前明顯下降（18.2%vs. 33.7%）（χ2=28.9，P=0.000）。2012 年前后創傷部位中肋骨骨折（P=0.000）、肺挫傷（P=0.000）、氣胸（P=0.000）和胸腹聯合傷（P=0.001）均發生了明顯變化。 結論 2012 年是我院 10 年期間胸部創傷類型及創傷部位發生明顯變化趨勢的重要時間截點，對我院下一步胸部創傷救治側重點轉變帶來了新的思考和考驗。
Two male patients (75 years and 51 years, respectively) suffered infection of novel coronavirus after minimally invasive surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Sichuan Cancer Hospital since December 2022. Both patients developed severe hypoxemia after surgery, and were treated with advanced oxygen therapy, antiviral therapy, hormone shock therapy, antibiotic anti-infection and nutritional support. The two patients stayed in the intensive care unit for 6 days and 8 days respectively. They were transferred to the general ward for symptomatic treatment and were discharged successfully. Both patients required low-flow oxygen maintenance after discharge. On the 20th day of follow-up after discharge, patient 1 still needed low-flow oxygen, his oxygen saturation could be maintained above 97%, but intermittent deoxygenation could be performed for half an hour. Patient 2 was in good condition on 35 days after discharge.
ObjectiveTo analyze the symptom characteristics and influencing factors in order to provide reference for symptom management of patients with esophageal cancer after operation.MethodsA total of 216 esophageal cancer patients, including 180 males and 36 females with an average age of 63.7±8.3 years, who underwent surgical operation in our hospital from March to October 2018 were recruited and investigated with self-designed symptom questionnaire at 1 month after surgery.ResultsThe top five symptoms were acid reflux (48.6%), cough (42.6%), dysphagia (40.7%), hoarseness (12.0%), and diarrhea (11.6%). Women were more prone to acid reflux (OR=2.053), fatigue (OR=1.932), chest pain (OR=3.681), sleep disturbance (OR=2.419), abdominal pain (OR=3.882), nausea (OR=3.014) and vomiting (OR=2.505). Patients over 60 years were more prone to dysphagia (OR=2.274). Patients with lower thoracic esophageal cancer had a higher incidence of dysphagia compared with patients with carcinoma of esophagogastric junction (OR=0.326). Patients who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy were more likely to suffer acid reflux (OR=1.594). Open surgery (OR=3.681) and neoadjuvant radiotherapy (OR=2.495) were the risk factors of chest pain.ConclusionThere are many symptoms in patients with esophageal cancer after operation, and the occurrence of symptoms is closely related to gender, age, tumor location, surgical procedure and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of three-field versus two-field lymph node dissection on postoperative complications and survival outcomes in patients with clinically unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing conversion surgery. MethodsPatients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent conversion surgery at Sichuan Cancer Hospital between January 2018 and March 2020 were retrospectively included. Based on the extent of lymph node dissection, patients were divided into a three-field group and a two-field group. Postoperative complications, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between the two groups. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to identify prognostic factors. ResultsA total of 58 patients were included, consisting of 51 males and 7 females, with a median age of 61.50 (53.25, 65.00) years. The three-field group comprised 17 patients, and the two-field group comprised 41 patients. The results showed that three-field lymph node dissection did not increase the risk of complications. The OS and DFS in the three-field group tended to be better than those in the two-field group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.228, P=0.342). Cox regression analysis indicated that OS and DFS were not significantly correlated with the extent of lymph node dissection (P=0.234, P=0.347) but were associated with R0 resection status (P=0.027, P=0.069). ConclusionThree-field lymph node dissection demonstrates good safety and may provide survival benefits in specific patient subgroups. R0 resection is a key factor influencing surgical prognosis.