ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses and orthokeratology (Ortho-K) in controlling myopia. MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect clinical studies related to the objectives from January 2000 to June 2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 8 RCTs and 7 cohort studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that both Ortho-K lens and DIMS had better axial control effects than the single vision control group (MD=?0.18, 95%CI ?0.21 to ?0.15, P<0.01; MD=?0.21, 95%CI ?0.27 to ?0.15, P<0.01). The Ortho-K had a smaller one-year growth in axial length compared to the DIMS (MD=?0.06, 95%CI ?0.08 to ?0.04, P<0.01). ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests that Ortho-K and DIMS have better myopia control effects than single lens lenses, while Ortho-K has better myopia control effects than DIMS, but the advantages are not significant. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To know the status quo of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection in primary general hospitals, analyze the differences among various intervention measures, and put forward guiding principles for MDRO infection control in primary general hospitals. Methods We investigated all patients (n=51 612) admitted into the hospital between January 2013 and December 2015, and found out 6 types of MDRO. Pre-interventional investigation was carried out between January 2013 and June 2014 (before intervention) during which no intervention measures were taken; Intervention was carried out between July 2014 and December 2015 (after intervention). All departments in the hospital (6 groups) were matched with intervention measures (6 groups) randomly. Then, we compared the MDRO detection rate, nosocomial infection case rate and intervention compliance rate among the groups. Results We detected altogether 611 MDRO cases (without duplication) out of the 51 612 cases. The total detection rate of MDRO was 1.18%. The detection rate of MDRO before and after intervention was 1.37% and 1.01%, respectively. The difference between the two was of statistical significance (P<0.05). After the intervention, the detection rate in groups 1, 5 and 6 was significantly lower than before (P<0.05); the differences in detection rate among groups 2, 3, and 4 were not significant (P> 0.05). Nosocomial infection rate decreased from 0.28% before intervention to 0.14% after intervention (P<0.05). After the intervention, MDRO nosocomial infection case rate of groups 1, 5 and 6 was significantly lower than before (P<0.05); the rate was lower in groups 3 and 4 than before without any significance (P>0.05); no MDRO cases were detected in group 2 and comparison was meaningless. The knowledge rates of medical workers and of nursing staff increased from 52.97% and 20.00% before intervention to 78.76% and 66.34% after intervention, respectively (χ2=30.670, 38.604;P<0.05). The compliance to all kinds of protection measures improved significantly (P<0.05) except compliances to equipment of hand antiseptic agent and patient transfer order (P> 0.05). Conclusion Promoting the compliance rate to hand hygiene and environmental cleaning and disinfection, primary general hospitals can decrease the detection rate and nosocomial infection case rate of MDRO.
Objective To analyze the research hotspots and trends in the field of hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients at home and abroad, and to provide reference for the research and prevention and control of hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients. Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science databases were searched by computer for literature about the hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients published between January 1995 and January 2023. The included literature was analyzed using visualization analysis tools for visualization, including high-frequency keywords, keyword co-occurrence map, keyword emergence intensity and keyword time series prediction. Results A total of 10 275 articles were included. Among them, there were 10 036 articles from web of science and 239 articles from CNKI. The number of articles in this research field showed a trend of steady increase year by year. The United States was in a leading position in the research and development in this field, followed by China. At the same time, the research in this field presents the characteristics of multidisciplinary integration. The development trends of research hotspots in the next 5 years were risk and health education research. Conclusions The number of research articles related to hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients is gradually increasing. Multidisciplinary approach and integration is a research hotspot and frontier in the development of hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients both domestically and internationally.
Objective To evaluate the effects of glucose-containing dialysate versus glucose-free dialysate on blood pressure variability and blood glucose variability in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and to assess safety. Methods MHD patients from 12 hospitals were enrolled between October 2024 and June 2025. According to the randomized block design, patients were randomly divided into the glucose-containing dialysate group (experimental group) and the glucose-free dialysate group (control group). During hemodialysis sessions, blood pressure were monitored at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours, and blood glucose was measured at 0, 2, and 4 hours monthly for six consecutive months. Hypotension episodes and hypoglycemic episodes were recorded throughout dialysis. Results A total of 244 MHD patients were included, with 122 in each group. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly lower systolic blood pressure variability [dialysis for 2 hours: 9.92 (7.92, 12.52) vs. 11.95 (9.45, 15.36) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), P<0.001; during the 0-2 hour dialysis period: 2.60 (1.24, 3.97) vs. 3.74 (2.03, 6.52) mm Hg, P=0.011], diastolic blood pressure variability [during the 0-4 hour dialysis period: 3.85 (1.49, 6.69) vs. 4.72 (1.99, 8.46) mm Hg, P<0.001], blood glucose variability [dialysis for 2 hours: 0.16 (0.12, 0.20) vs. 0.18 (0.13, 0.23) mmol/L, P=0.002; dialysis for 4 hours: 0.17 (0.13, 0.22) vs. 0.21 (0.17, 0.26) mmol/L, P<0.001; during the 2-4 hour dialysis period: 0.04 (0.02, 0.08) vs. 0.07 (0.03, 0.10) mmol/L, P=0.004], incidence rates of hypotension (32.9% vs. 33.3%, P=0.005) and incidence rates of hypoglycemia (0.42% vs. 4.02%, P<0.001). Conclusions Glucose-containing dialysate reduces both blood pressure variability and blood glucose variability more effectively than glucose-free dialysate during hemodialysis. Compared with glucose-free dialysate, the glucose-containing dialysate demonstrated a lower incidence of hypotension episodes and hypoglycemic episodes.