Progress of Early Diagnosis in Primary Carcinoma of Gallbladder_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

LI Shoushuai , SUN Xuejun

Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China Corresponding Author: SUN Xue-jun, E-mail: sunxy@mail.xjtu.edu.cn;

Corresponding?author：

Keywords：

Primary carcinoma of gallbladder; Early diagnosis; Progress

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　Objective 　To introduce the methods and the advancements of early diagnosis in primary carcinoma of gallbladder (PCG), and improve the early diagnostic rate of PCG.
　Methods 　Recent relevant literatures were reviewed.
　Results 　It was difficult in early diagnosis of PCG and with a poor prognosis. Comprehending case history and careful examination and being assisted by multiple imaging methods and molecular biology technology could markedly improve the early diagnostic rate.
　Conclusion 　Comprehending the progress will contribute a lot of improving the early diagnostic rate and selecting reasonable clinical methods to be used in early diagnosis of PCG.

Citation： LI Shoushuai,SUN Xuejun. Progress of Early Diagnosis in Primary Carcinoma of Gallbladder. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2010, 17(4): 329-332. doi: Copy

1.	Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2009 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2009; 59(4): 225-249.
2.	Shukla PJ, Neve R, Barreto SG, et al. A new scoring system for gallbladder cancer (aiding treatment algorithm): an analysis of 335 patients [J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2008; 15(11): 3132-3137.
3.	Dixon E, Vollmer CM Jr, Sahajpal A, et al. An aggressive surgical approach leads to improved survival in patients with gallbladder cancer: a 12-year study at a North American Center [J]. Ann Surg, 2005; 241(3): 385-394.
4.	Fong Y, Malhotra S. Gallbladder cancer: recent advances and current guidelines for surgical therapy [J]. Adv Surg, 2001; 35: 1-20.
5.	Fong Y, Jarnagin W, Blumgart LH. Gallbladder cancer: comparison of patients presenting initially for definitive operation with those presenting after prior noncurative intervention [J]. Ann Surg, 2000; 232(4): 557-569.
6.	石景森. 原發性膽囊癌的診治進展 [J] . 中國醫師進修雜志, 2006; 29(4): 8-11.
7.	石景森, 孫學軍. 原發性膽囊癌診治的歷史、現狀及展望 [J]. 西安交通大學學報（醫學版）, 2007; 28(5): 473-478.
8.	吳高松, 鄒聲泉. 膽囊結石患者膽汁對人膽囊癌細胞增殖的影響 [J]. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2004; 11(2): 159-161.
9.	石景森，劉剛. 膽囊癌與膽囊結石的相關研究 [J]. 實用腫瘤雜志， 2005; 20(1): 10-11.
10.	Fernandes JE, Franco MI, Suzuki RK, et al. Intestinal metaplasia in gallbladders: prevalence study [J]. Sao Paulo Med J, 2008; 126(4): 220-222.
11.	Pandey M, Sood BP, Shukla RC, et al. Carcinoma of the gallbladder: role of sonography in diagnosis and staging [J]. J Clin Ultrasound, 2000; 28(5): 227-232.
12.	張學蘭, 李桂花, 許漢生, 等. 原發性膽囊癌的膽囊動脈血流動力學研究 [J]. 中國超聲醫學雜志, 2003; 19(3): 196-199.
13.	韓曉玲, 陳漢榮, 鄭樹卿, 等. 彩色多普勒超聲對膽囊隆起性病變的診斷價值 [J]. 臨床超聲醫學雜志, 2006; 8(8): 475-477.
14.	趙勝利, 張宏春, 曹子洋. 三維超聲在膽囊內隆起樣病變中的診斷價值 [J]. 河南腫瘤學雜志, 2005; 1(1): 18-20.
15.	金震東. 超聲內鏡檢查術 [A]. 李兆申, 許國銘. 膽道疾病內鏡診斷與治療學 [M]. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社, 2006: 81-90.〖HJ2〗[16]　Niu YL, Xu GM, Zou XP, et al. The value of endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma [J]. Chin J Dig Endosc, 2001; 18(2): 77-78.
16.	Mishra G, Conway JD. Endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of radiologic abnormalities of the liver and biliary tree [J]. Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2009; 11(2): 150-154.
17.	Inoue T, Kitano M, Kudo M, et al. Diagnosis of gallbladder diseases by contrast-enhanced phase-inversion harmonic ultrasonography [J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2007; 33(3): 353-361.
18.	Xie XH, Xu HX, Xie XY, et al. Differential diagnosis between benign and malignant gallbladder diseases with real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound [J]. Eur Radiol, 2010; 20(1): 239-248.
19.	Lee TY, Ko SF, Huang CC, et al. Intraluminal versus infiltrating gallbladder carcinoma: Clinical presentation, ultrasound and computed tomography [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009; 15(45): 5662-5668.
20.	祿韶英, 石景森, 王燕, 等. 雙期螺旋CT判定膽囊癌可切除性的意義 [J]. 中華肝膽外科雜志, 2006; 12(4): 278-288.
21.	吳苾，宋彬. 膽囊的MRI評價 [J]. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2008; 15(6): 458-462.
22.	Ichikawa T, Erturk SM, Motosugi U, et al. High-b-value diffusion-weighted MRI in colorectal cancer [J]. Am J Roentgenol, 2006; 187(1): 181-184.
23.	Sugita R, Yamazaki T, Furuta A, et al. High b-value diffusion-weighted MRI for detecting gallbladder carcinoma: preliminary study and results [J]. Eur Radiol, 2009; 19(7): 1794-1798.
24.	劉華敢, 黎燕飛, 陳光新. 螺旋CT和PTC對梗阻性黃疸的診斷意義 [J]. 廣東醫學院學報, 2009; 27(6): 657-659.
25.	吳本儼, 柴寧莉. ERCP技術在膽管癌消化內鏡診治中的應用價值 [J]. 中國腫瘤影像學, 2009; 2(5): 29-35.
26.	Aljiffry M, Walsh MJ, Molinari M. Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma: 1990-2009 [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009; 15(34): 4240-4262.
27.	Kimura K, Fujita N, Noda Y, et al. Diagnosis of pT2 gallbladder cancer by serial examinations with endoscopic ultrasound and angiography [J]. J Gastroenterol, 2002; 37(3): 200-203.
28.	Tsukada K, Takada T, Miyazaki M, et al. Diagnosis of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2008; 15(1): 31-40.
29.	吳一武, 梁建深, 揚志偉, 等. 電子膽道鏡在膽道疾病診治中的應用 [J]. 中國內鏡雜志, 2007; 13(7): 777-778.
30.	Henning G. Advances in endoscopy: Current developments in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy [J]. Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009; 5(10): 695-697.
31.	孫學軍, 孫豐雷, 杜俊凱, 等. 傅里葉變換紅外光譜用于膽囊癌細胞及其細胞核結構的基礎研究 [J]. 光譜學與光譜分析, 2009; 29(7): 1750-1753.
32.	劉珣, 王海連. CEA、CA19-9、CA50、CA125監測在膽囊癌早期診斷和預后判斷中的應用 [J]. 中國誤診學雜志, 2009; 9(3): 577-578.
33.	秦興雷, 王作仁, 強永乾, 等. 影像學及CA19-9、CEA測定在肝外膽管癌診斷中的價值 [J]. 中國實用外科雜志, 2005; 25(2): 94-96.
34.	Yang YQ, Wu L, Chen JX, et al. Relationship between nm23H1 genetic instability and clinical pathological characteristics in Chinese digestive system cancer patients [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2008; 14(36): 5549-5556.
35.	Li SH, Li CF, Sung MT, et al. Skp2 is an independent prognosticator of gallbladder carcinoma among p27(Kip1)-interacting cell cycle regulators: an immunohistochemical study of 62 cases by tissue microarray [J]. Mod Pathol, 2007; 20(4): 497-507.
36.	張宗利, 柴杰, 馬德民, 等. Survivin和p27-(kipl)在膽囊癌組織中的表達及相關性研究 [J] .中國現代普通外科進展, 2007; 10(5): 401-404.
37.	Kohya N, Koga Y, Kitajima Y, et al. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation in biliary tract carcinoma [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2006; 13(4): 296-305.
38.	Jhala NC, Jhala D, Eltoum I, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a powerful tool to obtain samples from small lesions [J]. 〖JP3〗Cancer, 2004; 102(4): 239-246.
39.	Meara RS, Jhala D, Eloubeidi MA, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy of bile duct and gallbladder: analysis of 53 cases [J]. Cytopathology, 2006; 17(1): 42-49.
40.	Duarte I, Llanos O, Domke H, et al. Metaplasia and precursor lesions of gallbladder carcinoma. Frequency, distribution, and probability of detection in routine histologic samples [J]. Cancer, 1993; 72(6): 1878-1884.

1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2009 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2009; 59(4): 225-249.
2. 　Shukla PJ, Neve R, Barreto SG, et al. A new scoring system for gallbladder cancer (aiding treatment algorithm): an analysis of 335 patients [J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2008; 15(11): 3132-3137.
3. 　Dixon E, Vollmer CM Jr, Sahajpal A, et al. An aggressive surgical approach leads to improved survival in patients with gallbladder cancer: a 12-year study at a North American Center [J]. Ann Surg, 2005; 241(3): 385-394.
4. 　Fong Y, Malhotra S. Gallbladder cancer: recent advances and current guidelines for surgical therapy [J]. Adv Surg, 2001; 35: 1-20.
5. 　Fong Y, Jarnagin W, Blumgart LH. Gallbladder cancer: comparison of patients presenting initially for definitive operation with those presenting after prior noncurative intervention [J]. Ann Surg, 2000; 232(4): 557-569.
6. 　石景森. 原發性膽囊癌的診治進展 [J] . 中國醫師進修雜志, 2006; 29(4): 8-11.
7. 　石景森, 孫學軍. 原發性膽囊癌診治的歷史、現狀及展望 [J]. 西安交通大學學報（醫學版）, 2007; 28(5): 473-478.
8. 　吳高松, 鄒聲泉. 膽囊結石患者膽汁對人膽囊癌細胞增殖的影響 [J]. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2004; 11(2): 159-161.
9. 　石景森，劉剛. 膽囊癌與膽囊結石的相關研究 [J]. 實用腫瘤雜志， 2005; 20(1): 10-11.
10. 　Fernandes JE, Franco MI, Suzuki RK, et al. Intestinal metaplasia in gallbladders: prevalence study [J]. Sao Paulo Med J, 2008; 126(4): 220-222.
11. 　Pandey M, Sood BP, Shukla RC, et al. Carcinoma of the gallbladder: role of sonography in diagnosis and staging [J]. J Clin Ultrasound, 2000; 28(5): 227-232.
12. 　張學蘭, 李桂花, 許漢生, 等. 原發性膽囊癌的膽囊動脈血流動力學研究 [J]. 中國超聲醫學雜志, 2003; 19(3): 196-199.
13. 　韓曉玲, 陳漢榮, 鄭樹卿, 等. 彩色多普勒超聲對膽囊隆起性病變的診斷價值 [J]. 臨床超聲醫學雜志, 2006; 8(8): 475-477.
14. 　趙勝利, 張宏春, 曹子洋. 三維超聲在膽囊內隆起樣病變中的診斷價值 [J]. 河南腫瘤學雜志, 2005; 1(1): 18-20.
15. 　金震東. 超聲內鏡檢查術 [A]. 李兆申, 許國銘. 膽道疾病內鏡診斷與治療學 [M]. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社, 2006: 81-90.〖HJ2〗[16]　Niu YL, Xu GM, Zou XP, et al. The value of endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma [J]. Chin J Dig Endosc, 2001; 18(2): 77-78.
16. 　Mishra G, Conway JD. Endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of radiologic abnormalities of the liver and biliary tree [J]. Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2009; 11(2): 150-154.
17. 　Inoue T, Kitano M, Kudo M, et al. Diagnosis of gallbladder diseases by contrast-enhanced phase-inversion harmonic ultrasonography [J]. Ultrasound Med Biol, 2007; 33(3): 353-361.
18. 　Xie XH, Xu HX, Xie XY, et al. Differential diagnosis between benign and malignant gallbladder diseases with real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound [J]. Eur Radiol, 2010; 20(1): 239-248.
19. 　Lee TY, Ko SF, Huang CC, et al. Intraluminal versus infiltrating gallbladder carcinoma: Clinical presentation, ultrasound and computed tomography [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009; 15(45): 5662-5668.
20. 　祿韶英, 石景森, 王燕, 等. 雙期螺旋CT判定膽囊癌可切除性的意義 [J]. 中華肝膽外科雜志, 2006; 12(4): 278-288.
21. 　吳苾，宋彬. 膽囊的MRI評價 [J]. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2008; 15(6): 458-462.
22. 　Ichikawa T, Erturk SM, Motosugi U, et al. High-b-value diffusion-weighted MRI in colorectal cancer [J]. Am J Roentgenol, 2006; 187(1): 181-184.
23. 　Sugita R, Yamazaki T, Furuta A, et al. High b-value diffusion-weighted MRI for detecting gallbladder carcinoma: preliminary study and results [J]. Eur Radiol, 2009; 19(7): 1794-1798.
24. 　劉華敢, 黎燕飛, 陳光新. 螺旋CT和PTC對梗阻性黃疸的診斷意義 [J]. 廣東醫學院學報, 2009; 27(6): 657-659.
25. 　吳本儼, 柴寧莉. ERCP技術在膽管癌消化內鏡診治中的應用價值 [J]. 中國腫瘤影像學, 2009; 2(5): 29-35.
26. 　Aljiffry M, Walsh MJ, Molinari M. Advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of cholangiocarcinoma: 1990-2009 [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2009; 15(34): 4240-4262.
27. 　Kimura K, Fujita N, Noda Y, et al. Diagnosis of pT2 gallbladder cancer by serial examinations with endoscopic ultrasound and angiography [J]. J Gastroenterol, 2002; 37(3): 200-203.
28. 　Tsukada K, Takada T, Miyazaki M, et al. Diagnosis of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2008; 15(1): 31-40.
29. 　吳一武, 梁建深, 揚志偉, 等. 電子膽道鏡在膽道疾病診治中的應用 [J]. 中國內鏡雜志, 2007; 13(7): 777-778.
30. 　Henning G. Advances in endoscopy: Current developments in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy [J]. Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009; 5(10): 695-697.
31. 　孫學軍, 孫豐雷, 杜俊凱, 等. 傅里葉變換紅外光譜用于膽囊癌細胞及其細胞核結構的基礎研究 [J]. 光譜學與光譜分析, 2009; 29(7): 1750-1753.
32. 　劉珣, 王海連. CEA、CA19-9、CA50、CA125監測在膽囊癌早期診斷和預后判斷中的應用 [J]. 中國誤診學雜志, 2009; 9(3): 577-578.
33. 　秦興雷, 王作仁, 強永乾, 等. 影像學及CA19-9、CEA測定在肝外膽管癌診斷中的價值 [J]. 中國實用外科雜志, 2005; 25(2): 94-96.
34. 　Yang YQ, Wu L, Chen JX, et al. Relationship between nm23H1 genetic instability and clinical pathological characteristics in Chinese digestive system cancer patients [J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2008; 14(36): 5549-5556.
35. 　Li SH, Li CF, Sung MT, et al. Skp2 is an independent prognosticator of gallbladder carcinoma among p27(Kip1)-interacting cell cycle regulators: an immunohistochemical study of 62 cases by tissue microarray [J]. Mod Pathol, 2007; 20(4): 497-507.
36. 　張宗利, 柴杰, 馬德民, 等. Survivin和p27-(kipl)在膽囊癌組織中的表達及相關性研究 [J] .中國現代普通外科進展, 2007; 10(5): 401-404.
37. 　Kohya N, Koga Y, Kitajima Y, et al. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation in biliary tract carcinoma [J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2006; 13(4): 296-305.
38. 　Jhala NC, Jhala D, Eltoum I, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a powerful tool to obtain samples from small lesions [J]. 〖JP3〗Cancer, 2004; 102(4): 239-246.
39. 　Meara RS, Jhala D, Eloubeidi MA, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy of bile duct and gallbladder: analysis of 53 cases [J]. Cytopathology, 2006; 17(1): 42-49.
40. 　Duarte I, Llanos O, Domke H, et al. Metaplasia and precursor lesions of gallbladder carcinoma. Frequency, distribution, and probability of detection in routine histologic samples [J]. Cancer, 1993; 72(6): 1878-1884.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Progress of Early Diagnosis in Primary Carcinoma of Gallbladder

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

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