| 1. | Heald RJ, Husband EM, Ryall RD. The mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery——the clue to pelvic recurrence [J]? Br J Surg, 1982; 69(6)∶613. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 2. | Heald RJ, Karanjia ND. Results of radical surgery of rectal cancer [J]. W J Surg,1992; 16(4)∶848. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 3. | Soreide O, Norstein J. Local recurrence after operative treatment of rectal carcinoma: a strategy for change [J]. J Am Coll Surg, 1997; 184(1)∶84. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 4. | Enker WE. Total mesorectal excision——the new golden standard of surgery for rectal cancer [J]. Ann Med, 1997; 29(1)∶127. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 5. | Havenge K, DeRuiter MC, Enker WE, et al.Anatomical basis of autonomic nervepreserving total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer [J]. Br J Surg, 1996; 83(3)∶384. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 6. | Quirke P, Durdey P, Dixon MF, et al.Local recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma due to inadequate surgical resection. Histopathological study of lateral tumour spread and surgical excision [J]. Lancet, 1986; 334(8)∶996. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 7. | Hida J, Mori N, Kubo R, et al.Metastasis from carcinoma of the colon and rectum detected in small lymph nodes by the clearing method [J]. J Am Coll Surg, 1994; 178(2)∶223. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 8. | MacFarlane JK, Ryall RD, Heald RJ. Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer [J]. Lancet, 1993; 341(4)∶457. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 9. | Hohenberger P, Schlag P, Kretzschmar U, et al.Regional mesenteric recurrence of colorectal cancer after anterior resection of left hemicolectomy:inadequate primary resection demonstrate by angiography of the remaining arterial supply [J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 1991; 6(1)∶17. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 10. | Reynolds JV, Joyce WP, Dolan J, et al.Pathological evidence in support of total mesorectal excision in the management of rectal cancer [J]. Br J Surg, 1996; 83(8)∶1112. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 11. | Hermanek P, Wiebelt H, Staimer D, et al.Prognostic factors of rectum carcinoma: experience of the German Muleicentre study SGCRC [J]. Tumori, 1995; 81(1)∶60. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 12. | Enker WE, Thaler HT, Cranor M, et al.Total mesorectal excision in the operative treatment of rectal cancer [J]. J Am Coll Surg,1995; 181(4)∶335. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 13. | Dixon AR, Maxwell WA, Hlmes JT. Carcinoma of the rectum:a 10year experience [J]. Br J Surg, 1991; 78(3)∶308. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 14. | Aitken RJ. Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer [J].Br J Surg, 1996; 83(2)∶214. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 15. | McCall JL, Cox MR, Wattchow DA. Analysis of local recurrence rates after surgery alone for rectal cancer [J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 1995; 10(3)∶126. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 16. | Krook JE, Moertel CG, Gunderson LL, et al.Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for highrisk rectal carcinoma [J]. N Engl J Med, 1985; 312(10)∶1465. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 17. | Heald RJ, Smedh RK, Kald A, et al.Abdominoperineal excision of the rectum:an endangered operation Norman Nigro Lectureship [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 1997; 10(7)∶747. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 18. | Enker WE, Harenge K, Polyak J, et al.Abdominoperineal resection via total mesorectal excision and autonomic nerve preservation for low rectal cancer [J]. W J Surg, 1997; 21(7)∶715. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 19. | Havenge K, Enker WE, McDermott K, et al.Male and female sexual and urinary function after total mesorectal excision with autonomic nerve preservation for carcinoma of the rectum [J]. J Am Coll Surg,1996; 182(6)∶495. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 20. | Fielding LP. Optimizing surgical treatment of rectal cancer [J]. Lancet, 1995; 346(1)∶113. |