Investigation on the development of ketogenic diet therapy in China_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

ZHOU Wenjing ¹ , WANG Huihui ¹ , WEI Jurong ¹ , YE Yuanzhen ² ,  LIAO Jianxiang ²

1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China;
2. Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China;

Corresponding?author：

LIAO Jianxiang, Email: epilepsycenter@vip.163.com

Keywords：

Ketogenic diet therapy; Pediatric epilepsy; Epidemiology; Investigation; Epilepsy center

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.202506011

Video：

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Objective To investigate the current situation of ketogenic diet treatment centers in China, including the target, quantity, indication diseases, staffing and regional distribution of ketogenic diet therapy centers.Methods Members from the China Association Against Epilepsy (CAAE) received an investigation on the development situation of ketogenic diet therapy in their own epilepsy centers through an online survey. Results At present, there are 91 centers for ketogenic diet therapy in China, and among them, there are 74 centers (81.32%) only treat pediatric patients. 59 centers of them (64.83%) were established between 2010 and 2020; patients of 63 centers (69.23%) have been treated with ketogenic therapy for status epilepticus (SE), among which only 9 centers (14.29%) have 5 or more epileptic patients on averge per month. 35 centers (38.46%) are offering ketogenic diet treatment for indications other than epilepsy. The main diseases are autism spectrum disorder, encephalitis, febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), rare diseases and glycolipid metabolic diseases. All ketogenic diet treatment centers are equipped with high-quality professionals, mainly neurologists and pediatric physicians; There are significant differences in regional distribution, with centers in the eastern region accounting for more than half (53.85%). Conclusions The development of ketogenic diet therapy in China has achieved initial results, but there are still some problems such as small number of patients treated and uneven geographical distribution.

Citation： ZHOU Wenjing, WANG Huihui, WEI Jurong, YE Yuanzhen, LIAO Jianxiang. Investigation on the development of ketogenic diet therapy in China. Journal of Epilepsy, 2025, 11(5): 405-410. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.202506011 Copy

1.	Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Auvin S, et al. Optimal clinical management of children receiving dietary therapies for epilepsy: Updated recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia Open, 2018, 3(2): 175-192.
2.	Abbasi J. Interest in the ketogenic diet grows for weight loss and type 2 diabetes. JAMA, 2018, 319(3): 215-217.
3.	Bueno NB, de Melo IS, de Oliveira SL, et al. Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr, 2013, 110(7): 1178-1187.
4.	Saslow LR, Daubenmier JJ, Moskowitz JT, et al. Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized trial of a moderate-carbohydrate versus very low-carbohydrate diet in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes. Nutr Diabetes, 2017, 7(12): 304.
5.	Wells J, Swaminathan A, Paseka J, et al. Efficacy and safety of a ketogenic diet in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy-a review. Nutrients, 2020, 12(6): 1809.
6.	腦認知健康管理中國專家共識制定委員會, 《中華健康管理學雜志》編輯委員會. 腦認知健康管理中國專家共識(2023). 中華健康管理學雜志, 2023, 17(12): 881-892.
7.	李國平, 朱婷, 孫瑀. 高質量區域空間格局構建下中國經濟區劃調整研究. 地理科學, 2024, 44(1): 20-29.
8.	張歡, 張童, 胡萬冬, 等. 生酮飲食治療遺傳性發育性癲癇性腦病的有效性與安全性. 癲癇雜志, 025, 11(3): 220-225.
9.	中華醫學會兒科學分會神經學組, 中國抗癲癇協會, 中華兒科雜志編輯委員會. 生酮飲食療法在癲癇及相關神經系統疾病中的應用專家共識. 中華兒科雜志, 2019, 57(11): 820-825.
10.	Nabbout R, Mazzuca M, Hubert P, et al. Efficacy of ketogenic dietin severe refractory status epilepticus initiating fever induce refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school age children(FIRES). Epilepsia, 2010, 51(10): 2033-2037.
11.	中國抗癲癇協會生酮飲食專業委員會. 葡萄糖轉運體1缺陷綜合征的診斷與治療專家共識. 中華實用兒科臨床雜志, 2022, 37(19): 1452-1457.
12.	潘英, 黃高展, 連楚南, 等. 丙酮酸脫氫酶復合物缺乏癥一例并文獻復習. 國際兒科學雜志, 2017, 44(6): 437-439.
13.	Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, et al. The managementof very low‐calorie ketogenic diet in obesity outpatient clinic: a practical guide. J Transl Med, 2019, 17(1): 356.
14.	Allen BG, Bhatia SK, Anderson CM, et al. Ketogenic diets as anadjuvant cancer therapy: history and potential mechanism. Redox Biol, 2014, 2: 963-970.
15.	IJff DM, Postulart D, Lambrechts D, et al. Cognitive and be‐havioral impact of the ketogenic diet in children and adoles‐cents with refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy Behav, 2016, 60: 153-157.
16.	馬翠, 周先東. 全國各地區醫療衛生水平綜合評價分析. 重慶醫學, 2022, 51(17): 3053-3058.

1. Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Auvin S, et al. Optimal clinical management of children receiving dietary therapies for epilepsy: Updated recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia Open, 2018, 3(2): 175-192.
2. Abbasi J. Interest in the ketogenic diet grows for weight loss and type 2 diabetes. JAMA, 2018, 319(3): 215-217.
3. Bueno NB, de Melo IS, de Oliveira SL, et al. Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr, 2013, 110(7): 1178-1187.
4. Saslow LR, Daubenmier JJ, Moskowitz JT, et al. Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized trial of a moderate-carbohydrate versus very low-carbohydrate diet in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes. Nutr Diabetes, 2017, 7(12): 304.
5. Wells J, Swaminathan A, Paseka J, et al. Efficacy and safety of a ketogenic diet in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy-a review. Nutrients, 2020, 12(6): 1809.
6. 腦認知健康管理中國專家共識制定委員會, 《中華健康管理學雜志》編輯委員會. 腦認知健康管理中國專家共識(2023). 中華健康管理學雜志, 2023, 17(12): 881-892.
7. 李國平, 朱婷, 孫瑀. 高質量區域空間格局構建下中國經濟區劃調整研究. 地理科學, 2024, 44(1): 20-29.
8. 張歡, 張童, 胡萬冬, 等. 生酮飲食治療遺傳性發育性癲癇性腦病的有效性與安全性. 癲癇雜志, 025, 11(3): 220-225.
9. 中華醫學會兒科學分會神經學組, 中國抗癲癇協會, 中華兒科雜志編輯委員會. 生酮飲食療法在癲癇及相關神經系統疾病中的應用專家共識. 中華兒科雜志, 2019, 57(11): 820-825.
10. Nabbout R, Mazzuca M, Hubert P, et al. Efficacy of ketogenic dietin severe refractory status epilepticus initiating fever induce refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school age children(FIRES). Epilepsia, 2010, 51(10): 2033-2037.
11. 中國抗癲癇協會生酮飲食專業委員會. 葡萄糖轉運體1缺陷綜合征的診斷與治療專家共識. 中華實用兒科臨床雜志, 2022, 37(19): 1452-1457.
12. 潘英, 黃高展, 連楚南, 等. 丙酮酸脫氫酶復合物缺乏癥一例并文獻復習. 國際兒科學雜志, 2017, 44(6): 437-439.
13. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, et al. The managementof very low‐calorie ketogenic diet in obesity outpatient clinic: a practical guide. J Transl Med, 2019, 17(1): 356.
14. Allen BG, Bhatia SK, Anderson CM, et al. Ketogenic diets as anadjuvant cancer therapy: history and potential mechanism. Redox Biol, 2014, 2: 963-970.
15. IJff DM, Postulart D, Lambrechts D, et al. Cognitive and be‐havioral impact of the ketogenic diet in children and adoles‐cents with refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy Behav, 2016, 60: 153-157.
16. 馬翠, 周先東. 全國各地區醫療衛生水平綜合評價分析. 重慶醫學, 2022, 51(17): 3053-3058.

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