| 1. | McGee DC, Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous catheterization. N Engl J Med, 2003, 348(12):1123-1133. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 2. | Sznajder JI, Zveibil FR, Bitterman H, et al. Central vein catheterization. Failure and complication rates by three percutaneous approaches. Arch Intern Med, 1986, 146(2):259-261. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 3. | Hind D, Calvert N, McWilliams R, et al. Ultrasonic locating devices for central venous cannulation:meta-analysis. BMJ, 2003, 327(7411):361. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 4. | Peris A, Zagli G, Bonizzoli M, et al. Implantation of 3951 long-term central venous catheters:performances, risk analysis, and patient comfort after ultrasound-guidance introduction. Anesth Analg, 2010, 111(5):1194-1201. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 5. | Karakitsos D, Labropoulos N, De Groot E, et al. Real-time ultrasound-guided catheterisation of the internal jugular vein:a prospective comparison with the landmark technique in critical care patients. Crit Care, 2006, 10(6):R162. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 6. | Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol, 2010, 25(9):603-605. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 7. | Chuan WX, Wei W, Yu L. A randomized-controlled study of ultrasound prelocation vs anatomical landmark-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein in infants and children. Pediatric Anesthesia, 2005, 15(9):733-738. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 8. | Grebenik CR, Boyce A, Sinclair ME, et al. NICE guidelines for central venous catheterization in children. Is the evidence base sufficient. Br J Anaesth, 2004, 92(6):827-830. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 9. | Ovezov A, Zakirov I, Vishnyakova M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of the internal jugular vein catheterization in pediatrics:Ultrasound navigation vs anatomical landmarks (A prospective, randomized, double-blind study). Intensive Care Med, 2010;3(6):S275. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 10. | Tempe DK, Hasija S, Malik I, et al. Use of Transthoracic Echocardiography Probe for Locating the Internal Jugular Vein to Assist Cannulation In Children and Its Comparison With the Standard Landmark Technique. MAMC J Med Sci, 2015, 1(1):20-24. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 11. | Verghese ST, McGill WA, Patel RI, et al. Ultrasound-guided Internal Jugular Venous Cannulation in Infants A Prospective Comparison with the Traditional Palpation Method. Anesthesiology, 1999, 91(1):71-77. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 12. | Verghese ST, McGill WA, Patel RI, et al. Comparison of three techniques for internal jugular vein cannulation in infants. Pediatri Anesth, 2000, 10(5):505-511. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 13. | 劉國亮, 張建敏. 超聲定位在嬰幼兒頸內靜脈穿刺置管中的應用. 臨床麻醉學雜志, 2013, 29(04):359-361. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 14. | 李翠芝, 徐傳果. 超聲引導下頸內靜脈置管在嬰兒心臟手術中的應用. 臨床麻醉學雜志, 2010, 26(07):598-599. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 15. | 李穎. 超聲在先天性心臟病患兒頸內靜脈穿刺置管術中的應用. 吉林醫學, 2011, 32(34):7255-7256. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 16. | 梁勇升, 唐培佳, 譚冠先. 超聲定位在小兒頸內靜脈穿刺置管中的應用. 臨床麻醉學雜志, 2011, 27(07):695-696. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 17. | 游仁芳, 李巧云, 謝平. 心臟手術患兒超聲引導右頸內靜脈穿刺置管術的效果. 南昌大學學報(醫學版), 2013, 53(12):56-58. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 18. | 趙亮陽, 黃文. 超聲引導在先天性心臟病嬰幼兒頸內靜脈穿刺置管術中的應用. 中國現代醫藥雜志, 2013, 15(4):26-28. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 19. | 趙柏松, 孟凌新, 邢準, 等. 超聲引導在患兒頸內靜脈穿刺置管中的應用. 臨床麻醉學雜志, 2012, 28(09):891-893. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 20. | Palepu GB, Deven J, Subrahmanyam M, et al. Impact of ultrasonography on central venous catheter insertion in intensive care. Indian J Radiol Imaging, 2009, 19(3):191-198. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 21. | Troianos CA, Hartman GS, Glas KE, et al. Councils on Intraoperative Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound of the American Society of Echocardiography:Guidelines for performing ultrasound guided vascular cannulation:recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2011, 24(12):1291-1318. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 22. | Shime N, Hosokawa K, MacLaren G. Ultrasound imaging reduces failure rates of percutaneous central venous catheterization in children. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2015, 16(8):718-725. |