Correlation between Carotid Atherosclerosis and Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Study_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

 LIUYing-chun ,  WUDe-yun , GAOZong-en , LIMin

Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Central Hospital of Shengli Oil Field, Dongying 257000, Shandong, China;

Corresponding?author：

WUDe-yun, Email: 602483148@qq.com

Keywords：

Hypertension; Carotid artery plaque; Homocysteine; Cross-sectional study

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20150085

Video：

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Objective To study the correlation between neck artery vascular sclerosis and homocysteine levels in hypertensive patients. Methods A total of 2 132 patients with hypertension participated in the program of "Stroke screening and prevention in Dongying city" were included from Sep. 2012 to Jan. 2013. Questionnaire, physical examination, biochemical blood tests and carotid artery ultrasound were conducted in all included patients. According to the level of homocysteine (Hcy), patients were divided into three groups:716 patients with Hcy level less than 12.3 mm/L were in Group 1, 703 patients with Hcy level 12.3 to 16.5 mm/L were in Group 2, and 713 patients with Hcy level more than 16.5 mm/L were in Group 3. The influence of Hcy levels on carotid atherosclerosis was analyzed. Results ① The prevalence rate for carotid plaques in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 50.28%, 60.03% and 65.36%, respectively. The prevalence rate for carotid plaques in Group 2 was higher than that in Group 1 with a statistical difference (OR=1.485, 95% CI 1.203 to 1.833, P=0.000). The prevalence rate in Group 3 was also higher than that in Group 1 with a statistical difference (OR=1.866, 95% CI 1.508 to 2.308, P=0.000). ② The prevalence rate for carotid plaques was 62.24% in the rural population, and 52.39% in the urban population. The difference between urban and rural populations was statistically significant (OR=1.500, 95% CI 1.259 to 1.788, P=0.000). ③ Using the presence of carotid plaques as a dependent variable and Hcy level as a covariant, logistic regression analysis found that the plaque formation in Group 2 was 1.491 times than in Group 1 and the plaque formation in Group 3 was 1.752 times than in Group 1. After adjusting the risk factors (gender, age, BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and blood sugar level), the results showed that the plaque formation in Group 2 was 1.388 times than in Group 1, and the plaque formation in Group 3 was 1.452 times than in Group 1. Conclusion There is a correlation between the increased incidence of carotid plaque and homocysteine levels in patients with hypertension. The incidence of carotid plaque in the rural population with hypertension is higher than that in the urban population. In the population with hypertension, high homocysteine level is an independent risk factor for the formation of carotid plaques.

Citation： LIUYing-chun, WUDe-yun, GAOZong-en, LIMin. Correlation between Carotid Atherosclerosis and Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Study. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2015, 15(5): 503-507. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20150085 Copy

1.	徐志紅, 陸國平. 高同型半胱氨酸血癥與不穩定斑塊. 心血管病學進展, 2006, 27(3):289-292.
2.	Stampfer MJ, Malinow MR, Willett WC, et al. A prospective study of plasma homocysteine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. JAMA, 1992, 268(7):881-887.
3.	Soriente L, Coppola A, Madonn P, et al. Homozygous C677 Tmutation of the 5,10-methyleneterahydrofolate reductase gene and hyperhomocysteinemia in Italian patients with a history of early onset ischemic. Stroke, 1998, 29(4):869-871.
4.	Girelli BD, Friso S, Trabetti E, et al. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation, plasma homocysteine, and folate in subjects from northern Italy with or without angiographically documented severe coronary atherosclerotic disease:evidence for an important genetic-environmental interaction. Blood, 1998, 91(11):4158-4163.
5.	Deloughery TG, Evans A, Sadeghi A, et al. Commomutation in methyleneterahydro folate reducatase Correlation with homocysteine metabolism and late-onset vascuelar disease. Circulation, 1996, 94(12):3074-3078.
6.	Den Heijer M, Koster T, Blom HJ, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med, 1996, 334(12):759-762.
7.	Fallon UB, Virtamo J, Young I, et al. Homocysteine and cerebral infarction in finnish male smokers. Stroke, 2003, 34(6):1359.
8.	Linnebank M, Moskau S, Famand S, et al. Homocysteine and carotid intima-media thickness in a German population lack of clinical relevance. Stroke, 2006, 37(11):2840-2842.
9.	Sasaki T, Watanabe M, Nagai Y, et al. Association of plasma HCY concentration with atherosderotic carotid plagues and lacunar infaration. Stroke, 2002, 33(6):1493-1496.
10.	王文, 王繼光, 張宇清. 針對中國高血壓的特點制定中國高血壓防治的策略與方案. 中華高血壓雜志, 2010, 18(10):310-311.
11.	Larry B, Goldstein, Cheryl D, et al. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke:a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association American Stroke Association. Stroke, 2011, 42(2):517-584.
12.	Sun Y, Chien KL, Hsu HC, et al. Use of serum homocysteine to predict stroke, coronary heart disease and death in ethnic Chinese 12-year prospective cohort study. Cire J, 2009, 73(8):1423-1430.
13.	陳建, 張金枝. 高同型半管氨酸血癥:心腦血管疾病的獨立危險因子. 心血管病學進展, 2000, 21(2):75-78.
14.	Fan Y, Tan HM, Wang H, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemma and atherosclerosis. Acta Physiologica Sinica, 2005, 57(2):103-114.
15.	姚濤, 王張鋒, 李麗, 等. 血同型半胱氨酸水平與頸動脈斑塊的相關性研究. 中華流行病學雜志, 2012, 33(8):846-849.
16.	Sun Y, Chien KL, Hsu HC, et al. Use of serum homocysteine to predict stroke, coronary heart disease and death in Ethnic Chinese:a 12-year prospective cohort study. Circ J, 2009, 73(6):1423-1430.
17.	王俊早, 俞春娟, 丁奇龍, 等. 血漿同型半胱氨酸及亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶基因多態性與缺血性腦卒中的相關性研究. 實用臨床醫藥雜志, 2013, 17(3):25-27.
18.	Kraus JP, Biochemistry and molecular genetics of cystathionine synthase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr, 1998, 157(12):S50-S53.
19.	Boushey CJ, Beresford SAA, Omenn GS, et al. A quantitative assessment of plasmahom ocysteine as a risk for vasculat disease. JAMA, 1995, 274(13):1049-1057.
20.	Stamler JS, Osborn JA, Jaraki O, et al. Adverse effects of homocysteine aremodulated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor and related oxides of nitrogen. J Clin Invest, 1993, 91(1):308-318.

1. 徐志紅, 陸國平. 高同型半胱氨酸血癥與不穩定斑塊. 心血管病學進展, 2006, 27(3):289-292.
2. Stampfer MJ, Malinow MR, Willett WC, et al. A prospective study of plasma homocysteine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. JAMA, 1992, 268(7):881-887.
3. Soriente L, Coppola A, Madonn P, et al. Homozygous C677 Tmutation of the 5,10-methyleneterahydrofolate reductase gene and hyperhomocysteinemia in Italian patients with a history of early onset ischemic. Stroke, 1998, 29(4):869-871.
4. Girelli BD, Friso S, Trabetti E, et al. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation, plasma homocysteine, and folate in subjects from northern Italy with or without angiographically documented severe coronary atherosclerotic disease:evidence for an important genetic-environmental interaction. Blood, 1998, 91(11):4158-4163.
5. Deloughery TG, Evans A, Sadeghi A, et al. Commomutation in methyleneterahydro folate reducatase Correlation with homocysteine metabolism and late-onset vascuelar disease. Circulation, 1996, 94(12):3074-3078.
6. Den Heijer M, Koster T, Blom HJ, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med, 1996, 334(12):759-762.
7. Fallon UB, Virtamo J, Young I, et al. Homocysteine and cerebral infarction in finnish male smokers. Stroke, 2003, 34(6):1359.
8. Linnebank M, Moskau S, Famand S, et al. Homocysteine and carotid intima-media thickness in a German population lack of clinical relevance. Stroke, 2006, 37(11):2840-2842.
9. Sasaki T, Watanabe M, Nagai Y, et al. Association of plasma HCY concentration with atherosderotic carotid plagues and lacunar infaration. Stroke, 2002, 33(6):1493-1496.
10. 王文, 王繼光, 張宇清. 針對中國高血壓的特點制定中國高血壓防治的策略與方案. 中華高血壓雜志, 2010, 18(10):310-311.
11. Larry B, Goldstein, Cheryl D, et al. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke:a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association American Stroke Association. Stroke, 2011, 42(2):517-584.
12. Sun Y, Chien KL, Hsu HC, et al. Use of serum homocysteine to predict stroke, coronary heart disease and death in ethnic Chinese 12-year prospective cohort study. Cire J, 2009, 73(8):1423-1430.
13. 陳建, 張金枝. 高同型半管氨酸血癥:心腦血管疾病的獨立危險因子. 心血管病學進展, 2000, 21(2):75-78.
14. Fan Y, Tan HM, Wang H, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemma and atherosclerosis. Acta Physiologica Sinica, 2005, 57(2):103-114.
15. 姚濤, 王張鋒, 李麗, 等. 血同型半胱氨酸水平與頸動脈斑塊的相關性研究. 中華流行病學雜志, 2012, 33(8):846-849.
16. Sun Y, Chien KL, Hsu HC, et al. Use of serum homocysteine to predict stroke, coronary heart disease and death in Ethnic Chinese:a 12-year prospective cohort study. Circ J, 2009, 73(6):1423-1430.
17. 王俊早, 俞春娟, 丁奇龍, 等. 血漿同型半胱氨酸及亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶基因多態性與缺血性腦卒中的相關性研究. 實用臨床醫藥雜志, 2013, 17(3):25-27.
18. Kraus JP, Biochemistry and molecular genetics of cystathionine synthase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr, 1998, 157(12):S50-S53.
19. Boushey CJ, Beresford SAA, Omenn GS, et al. A quantitative assessment of plasmahom ocysteine as a risk for vasculat disease. JAMA, 1995, 274(13):1049-1057.
20. Stamler JS, Osborn JA, Jaraki O, et al. Adverse effects of homocysteine aremodulated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor and related oxides of nitrogen. J Clin Invest, 1993, 91(1):308-318.

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Correlation between Carotid Atherosclerosis and Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Study

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