SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed Policymaking in health 6: Using research evidence to address how an option will be implemented*_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

Atle Fretheim ¹ , Susan MunabiBabigumira ² , Andrew D Oxman ² , John N Lavis ³ , Simon Lewin ⁴

1. Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, University of Oslo;? 2. Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services;?3. Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University;?4. Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Medical Research Council of South Africa;

Corresponding?author：

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20100398

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制定好某項政策后，下一步的關鍵就是將其轉變成實際行動。例如什么樣的策略能夠促進其有效實施，這些策略的效果如何？我們建議決策者在實施衛生政策或方案時考慮以下5 個問題：① 影響新政策順利實施的潛在障礙是什么？② 計劃實施新政策時應考慮采用什么策略來促進衛生服務對象和居民必要的行為轉變？③ 計劃實施新政策時應考慮采用什么策略來促進衛生服務專業人員必要的行為轉變？④ 計劃實施新政策時應考慮采用什么策略來促進必要的機構改革？⑤ 計劃實施新政策時應考慮采用什么策略來促進必要的制度改革？

Citation： Atle Fretheim,Susan MunabiBabigumira,Andrew D Oxman,John N Lavis,Simon Lewin. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed Policymaking in health 6: Using research evidence to address how an option will be implemented*. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2010, 10(3): 276-283. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20100398 Copy

1.	Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). Introduction. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): I1.
2.	Deskins S, Harris CV, Bradlyn AS, et al. Preventive care in Appalachia: use of the theory of planned behavior to identify barriers to participation in cholesterol screenings among West Virginians. J Rural Health, 2006, 22: 367-374.
3.	Mshana GH, Wamoyi J, Busza J, et al. Barriers to accessing antiretroviral therapy in Kisesa, Tanzania: a qualitative study of early rural referrals to the national program. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2006, 20: 649-657.
4.	Hanson K, Ranson MK, Oliveira-Cruz V, et al. Expanding access to priority health interventions: a framework for understanding the constraints to scaling-up. J Int Dev, 2003, 15: 1-14.
5.	Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Grimshaw J, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 7. Finding systematic reviews. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S7.
6.	Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Souza NM, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 9. Assessing the applicability of the findings of a systematic review. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S9.
7.	Lewin S, Oxman AD, Lavis JN, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 11. Finding and using research evidence about local conditions. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S11.
8.	Lewin S, Oxman AD, Lavis JN, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 8. Deciding how much confidence to place in a systematic review. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S8.
9.	Oxman AD, Lavis JN, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 10. Taking equity into consideration when assessing the findings of a systematic review. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S9.
10.	Green J, Thorogood N. Qualitative methods for health research London: London School of Hygiene & Topical Medicine, 2004.
11.	World Health Organization (WHO). Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action 2003 [http://www.who.int/chp/ knowledge/publica tions/adherence_full_report.pdf]. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO).
12.	Munro SA, Lewin SA, Smith HJ, et al. Patient adherence to tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review of qualitative research. PLoS Med, 2007, 4: e238.
13.	Santesso N, Ryan R, Hill S, et al. A Taxonomy of Interventions Directed at Consumers to Promote Evidence-based Prescribing and Drug Use 2007 [http://www.latrobe.edu.au/chcp/assets/downloads/ CADTH07_poster.pdf]. Poster presentation at The Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health Symposium.
14.	Oliveira-Cruz V, Hanson K, Mills A. Approaches to overcoming constraints to effective health service delivery: A review of the Evidence. J Int Dev, 2003, 15: 41-65.
15.	Lagarde M, Haines A, Palmer N. Conditional cash transfers for improving uptake of health interventions in low- and middleincome countries: a systematic review. JAMA, 2007, 298: 1900-1910.
16.	Thornton R. The Demand for, and Impact of, Learning HIV Status. American Economic Review, 2008, 98: 1829-1863.
17.	Grilli R, Ramsay C, Minozzi S. Mass media interventions: effects on health services utilisation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2002, 1: CD000389.
18.	Cabana MD, Rand CS, Powe NR, et al. Why don’t physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement. JAMA, 1999, 282: 1458-1465.
19.	Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Review Group. Data Collection Check List 2002 [http:www.epoc.cochrane. orFileWebte%20files/DocumentReviewer%20Resources/datacollec tioncheckst.pdf].
20.	Althabe F, Bergel E, Cafferata ML, et al. Strategies for improving the quality of health care in maternal and child health in lowand middle-income countries: an overview of systematic reviews. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 2008, 22(Suppl 1): 42-60.
21.	Grimshaw JM, Shirran L, Thomas R, et al. Changing provider behavior: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions. Med Care, 2001, 39: II2-45.
22.	Grimshaw JM, Thomas RE, MacLennan G, et al. Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies. Health Technol Assess, 2004, 8: iii-72.
23.	Prior M, Guerin M, Grimmer-Somers K. The effectiveness of clinical guideline implementation strategies--a synthesis of systematic review findings. J Eval Clin Pract, 2008, 14: 888-897.
24.	Haines A, Kuruvilla S, Borchert M. Bridging the implementation gap between knowledge and action for health. Bull World Health Organ, 2004, 82: 724-731.
25.	Oxman AD, Fretheim A. An overview of research on the effects of resultsbased financing. Report Nr 16-2008 2008 [http://www. kunnskapssen teret.no/binary?download=true&id=5800]. Oslo, Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten.
26.	Fretheim A, Havelsrud K, MacLennan G, et al. The effects of mandatory prescribing of thiazides for newly treated, uncomplicated hypertension: interrupted time-series analysis. PLoS Med, 2007, 4: e232.
27.	Lewin S, Lavis JN, Oxman AD, et al. Supporting the delivery of costeffective interventions in primary health-care systems in low-income and middle-income countries: an overview of systematic reviews. Lancet, 2008, 372: 928-939.
28.	Uttekar BP, Barge S, Khan W, et al. Assessment of ASHA and Janani Suraksha Yojana in Orissa 2007 [http://www.cortindia.com/ RP/RP-2007-0302.pdf]. Vadodora, India, Centre for Operations Research & Training (CORT).
29.	Zwarenstein M, Bheekie A, Lombard C, et al. Educational outreach to general practitioners reduces children’s asthma symptoms: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Implement Sci, 2007, 2: 30.
30.	Pexton C. Overcoming Organizational Barriers to Change in Healthcare 2009 [http://www.ftpress.com/articles/article. aspx?p=1327759].
31.	Iles V, Sutherland K. Organisational Change: A review for health care managers, professionals and researchers 2001 [http://www.sdo. nihr.ac.uk/files/adhoc/change-management-review.pdf]. London, National Co-ordinatingCentre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation R & D.
32.	Lavis JN, Posada FB, Haines A, et al. Use of research to inform public policymaking. Lancet, 2004, 364: 1615-1621.
33.	Johns B, Torres TT. Costs of scaling up health interventions: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan, 2005, 20: 1-13.
34.	Gruen RL, Elliott JH, Nolan ML, et al. Sustainability science: an integrated approach for health-programme planning. Lancet, 2008, 372: 1579-1589.
35.	Lavis JN, Ross SE, Hurley JE, et al. Examining the role of health services research in public policymaking. Milbank Quarterly, 2002, 80: 125-54.

1. Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). Introduction. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): I1.
2. Deskins S, Harris CV, Bradlyn AS, et al. Preventive care in Appalachia: use of the theory of planned behavior to identify barriers to participation in cholesterol screenings among West Virginians. J Rural Health, 2006, 22: 367-374.
3. Mshana GH, Wamoyi J, Busza J, et al. Barriers to accessing antiretroviral therapy in Kisesa, Tanzania: a qualitative study of early rural referrals to the national program. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2006, 20: 649-657.
4. Hanson K, Ranson MK, Oliveira-Cruz V, et al. Expanding access to priority health interventions: a framework for understanding the constraints to scaling-up. J Int Dev, 2003, 15: 1-14.
5. Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Grimshaw J, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 7. Finding systematic reviews. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S7.
6. Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Souza NM, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 9. Assessing the applicability of the findings of a systematic review. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S9.
7. Lewin S, Oxman AD, Lavis JN, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 11. Finding and using research evidence about local conditions. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S11.
8. Lewin S, Oxman AD, Lavis JN, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 8. Deciding how much confidence to place in a systematic review. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S8.
9. Oxman AD, Lavis JN, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 10. Taking equity into consideration when assessing the findings of a systematic review. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S9.
10. Green J, Thorogood N. Qualitative methods for health research London: London School of Hygiene & Topical Medicine, 2004.
11. World Health Organization (WHO). Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action 2003 [http://www.who.int/chp/ knowledge/publica tions/adherence_full_report.pdf]. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO).
12. Munro SA, Lewin SA, Smith HJ, et al. Patient adherence to tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review of qualitative research. PLoS Med, 2007, 4: e238.
13. Santesso N, Ryan R, Hill S, et al. A Taxonomy of Interventions Directed at Consumers to Promote Evidence-based Prescribing and Drug Use 2007 [http://www.latrobe.edu.au/chcp/assets/downloads/ CADTH07_poster.pdf]. Poster presentation at The Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health Symposium.
14. Oliveira-Cruz V, Hanson K, Mills A. Approaches to overcoming constraints to effective health service delivery: A review of the Evidence. J Int Dev, 2003, 15: 41-65.
15. Lagarde M, Haines A, Palmer N. Conditional cash transfers for improving uptake of health interventions in low- and middleincome countries: a systematic review. JAMA, 2007, 298: 1900-1910.
16. Thornton R. The Demand for, and Impact of, Learning HIV Status. American Economic Review, 2008, 98: 1829-1863.
17. Grilli R, Ramsay C, Minozzi S. Mass media interventions: effects on health services utilisation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2002, 1: CD000389.
18. Cabana MD, Rand CS, Powe NR, et al. Why don’t physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement. JAMA, 1999, 282: 1458-1465.
19. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Review Group. Data Collection Check List 2002 [http:www.epoc.cochrane. orFileWebte%20files/DocumentReviewer%20Resources/datacollec tioncheckst.pdf].
20. Althabe F, Bergel E, Cafferata ML, et al. Strategies for improving the quality of health care in maternal and child health in lowand middle-income countries: an overview of systematic reviews. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 2008, 22(Suppl 1): 42-60.
21. Grimshaw JM, Shirran L, Thomas R, et al. Changing provider behavior: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions. Med Care, 2001, 39: II2-45.
22. Grimshaw JM, Thomas RE, MacLennan G, et al. Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies. Health Technol Assess, 2004, 8: iii-72.
23. Prior M, Guerin M, Grimmer-Somers K. The effectiveness of clinical guideline implementation strategies--a synthesis of systematic review findings. J Eval Clin Pract, 2008, 14: 888-897.
24. Haines A, Kuruvilla S, Borchert M. Bridging the implementation gap between knowledge and action for health. Bull World Health Organ, 2004, 82: 724-731.
25. Oxman AD, Fretheim A. An overview of research on the effects of resultsbased financing. Report Nr 16-2008 2008 [http://www. kunnskapssen teret.no/binary?download=true&id=5800]. Oslo, Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenesten.
26. Fretheim A, Havelsrud K, MacLennan G, et al. The effects of mandatory prescribing of thiazides for newly treated, uncomplicated hypertension: interrupted time-series analysis. PLoS Med, 2007, 4: e232.
27. Lewin S, Lavis JN, Oxman AD, et al. Supporting the delivery of costeffective interventions in primary health-care systems in low-income and middle-income countries: an overview of systematic reviews. Lancet, 2008, 372: 928-939.
28. Uttekar BP, Barge S, Khan W, et al. Assessment of ASHA and Janani Suraksha Yojana in Orissa 2007 [http://www.cortindia.com/ RP/RP-2007-0302.pdf]. Vadodora, India, Centre for Operations Research & Training (CORT).
29. Zwarenstein M, Bheekie A, Lombard C, et al. Educational outreach to general practitioners reduces children’s asthma symptoms: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Implement Sci, 2007, 2: 30.
30. Pexton C. Overcoming Organizational Barriers to Change in Healthcare 2009 [http://www.ftpress.com/articles/article. aspx?p=1327759].
31. Iles V, Sutherland K. Organisational Change: A review for health care managers, professionals and researchers 2001 [http://www.sdo. nihr.ac.uk/files/adhoc/change-management-review.pdf]. London, National Co-ordinatingCentre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation R & D.
32. Lavis JN, Posada FB, Haines A, et al. Use of research to inform public policymaking. Lancet, 2004, 364: 1615-1621.
33. Johns B, Torres TT. Costs of scaling up health interventions: a systematic review. Health Policy Plan, 2005, 20: 1-13.
34. Gruen RL, Elliott JH, Nolan ML, et al. Sustainability science: an integrated approach for health-programme planning. Lancet, 2008, 372: 1579-1589.
35. Lavis JN, Ross SE, Hurley JE, et al. Examining the role of health services research in public policymaking. Milbank Quarterly, 2002, 80: 125-54.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed Policymaking in health 6: Using research evidence to address how an option will be implemented*

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