冠狀病毒的研究進展_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

唐驄宸 ,  王麗春

四川大學華西醫院感染性疾病中心（四川成都 610041）;

Corresponding?author：

王麗春, Email: mindywang0218@163.com

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1671-6205.202003076

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Citation： 唐驄宸, 王麗春. 冠狀病毒的研究進展. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2020, 19(4): 330-336. doi: 10.7507/1671-6205.202003076 Copy

1.	Fung TS, Liu DX. Human coronavirus: host-pathogen interaction. Annu Rev Microbiol, 2019, 73: 529-557.
2.	Tang Q, Song Y, Shi M, et al. Inferring the hosts of coronavirus using dual statistical models based on nucleotide composition. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 17155.
3.	Zhou P, Yang X, Wang X, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 2020, 579(7798): 270-273.
4.	Li G, Fan Y, Lai Y, et al. Coronavirus infections and immune responses. J Med Virol, 2020, 92(4): 424-432.
5.	Li F. Structure, Function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins. Annu Rev Virol, 2016, 3(1): 237-261.
6.	Li W, Michael JM, Natalya V, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature, 2003, 426(6965): 450-454.
7.	McBride R, van Zyl M, Fielding BC. The coronavirus nucleocapsid is a multifunctional protein. Viruses, 2014, 6(8): 2991-3018.
8.	Masters PS. The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Adv Virus Res, 2006, 66: 193-292.
9.	Venkatagopalan P, Sasha MD, Lisa AL, et al. Coronavirus envelope (E) protein remains at the site of assembly. Virology, 2015, 478: 75-85.
10.	Nieto-Torres JL, Marta LD, Enrique A, et al. Subcellular location and topology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein. Virology, 2011, 415(2): 69-82.
11.	Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge. Virol J, 2019, 16(1): 69.
12.	Ruch TR, Machamer CE. The coronavirus E protein: assembly and beyond. Viruses, 2012, 4(3): 363-382.
13.	中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎診療方案(試行第七版)[EB/OL].(2020-03-04). http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7652m/202003/a31191442e29474b98bfed5579d5af95.shtml.
14.	Monto AS. Medical reviews: coronaviruses. Yale J Biol Med, 1974, 47(4): 234-251.
15.	Perlman S, Netland J. Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2009, 7(6): 439-450.
16.	田懷玉. 2019-nCoV: 來自冠狀病毒的新挑戰. 中華預防醫學雜志, 2020, 54(3): 235-238.
17.	Chen J. Pathogenicity and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV-A quick overview and comparison with other emerging viruses. Microbes Infect, 2020, 22(2): 69-71.
18.	Jiang S, Xia S, Ying T, et al. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome. Cell Mol Immunol, 2020, 17(5): 554.
19.	劉昌孝, 伊秀林, 王玉麗, 等. 認識新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2), 探討抗病毒藥物研發策略. 藥物評價研究, 2020, 43(3): 361-371.
20.	Wang M, Yuan M, Xu H, et al. SARS-CoV infection in a restaurant from palm civet. Emerg Infect Dis, 2005, 11(12): 1860-18565.
21.	Yuan J, Hon CC, Wang D, et al. Intraspecies diversity of SARS-like coronaviruses in Rhinolophus sinicus and its implications for the origin of SARS coronaviruses in humans. J Gen Virol, 2010, 91(Pt 4): 1058-1062.
22.	Wu A, Peng Y, Huang B, et al. Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China. Cell Host Microbe, 2020, 27(3): 325-328.
23.	Peiris JS, Lai ST, Guan Y, et al. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet, 2003, 361(9366): 1319-1325.
24.	Stadler K, Masignani V, Eickmann M, et al. SARS--beginning to understand a new virus. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2003, 1(3): 209-218.
25.	Ramadan N, Shaib H. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a review. Germs, 2019, 9(1): 35-42.
26.	Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS, et al. Coronavirus infections-more than just the common cold[J/OL]. JAMA.[2020-01-23]. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2759815.
27.	Graham RL, Donaldson EF, Baric RS, et al. A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2013, 11(12): 836-848.
28.	Chan JF, Kok KH, Zhu Z, et al. Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerg Microbes Infect, 2020, 9(1): 221-236.
29.	華農: 穿山甲為潛在中間宿主從中分離的毒株與新冠毒株相似度99%[V/OL].(2020-02-07). https://v.qq.com/x/page/q3062gyqgvv.html?ptag=qqbrowser.
30.	Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): 514-523.
31.	Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China[J/OL]. JAMA. [2020-02-07]. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761044.
32.	Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(18): 1708-1720.
33.	Ng OW, Chia A, Tan AT, et al. Memory T cell responses targeting the SARS coronavirus persist up to 11 years post-infection. Vaccine, 2016, 34(17): 2008-2014.
34.	劉登科, 劉宇鵬. 高致病性冠狀病毒對抗宿主干擾素抗病毒系統作用的研究進展. 中國呼吸與危重監護雜志, 2020, 19(3): 309-311.
35.	Zheng B, He M, Wong K, et al. Potent inhibition of SARS-associated coronavirus (SCOV) infection and replication by type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) but not by type Ⅱ interferon (IFN-gamma). J Interferon Cytokine Res, 2004, 24(7): 388-390.
36.	Moriguchi H, Sato C. Treatment of SARS with human interferons. Lancet, 2003, 362(9390): 1159.
37.	de Wilde AH, Raj VS, Oudshoorn D, et al. MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-alpha treatment. J Gen Virol, 2013, 94(Pt 8): 1749-1760.
38.	劉鑒峰, 劉金劍, 褚麗萍, 等. 霧化吸入干擾素α1b在兔體內的分布及代謝途徑. 醫藥導報, 2013, 32(1): 1-5.
39.	Wyen C, Fuhr U, Frank D, et al. Effect of an antiretroviral regimen containing ritonavir boosted lopinavir on intestinal and hepatic CYP3A, CYP2D6 and P-glycoprotein in HIV-infected patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2008, 84(1): 75-82.
40.	Yeh RF, Gaver VE, Patterson KB, et al. Lopinavir/ritonavir induces the hepatic activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 but inhibits the hepatic and intestinal activity of CYP3A as measured by a phenotyping drug cocktail in healthy volunteers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2006, 42(1): 52-60.
41.	Chu CM, Cheng VCC, Hunget IFN, et al. Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings. Thorax, 2004, 59(3): 252-256.
42.	Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Leist SR, et al. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1): 222.
43.	Lim J, Jeon S, Shin HY, et al. Case of the index patient who caused tertiary transmission of covid-19 infection in Korea: the application of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 infected pneumonia monitored by quantitative RT-PCR. J Korean Med Sci, 2020, 35(6): e79.
44.	Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, et al. A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(19): 1787-1799.
45.	司斌, 蔣桔泉, 劉孟麗, 等. 利巴韋林治療嚴重急性呼吸綜合征 38 例. 醫藥導報, 2004, 23(8): 530-532.
46.	Almekhlafi GA, Albarrak MM, Mandourah Y, et al. Presentation and outcome of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi intensive care unit patients. Crit Care, 2016, 20(1): 123.
47.	Choi WS, Kang C, Kim Y, et al. Clinical presentation and outcomes of Middle East respiratory syndrome in the Republic of Korea. Infect Chemother, 2016, 48(2): 118-126.
48.	Warren TK, Jordan R, Lo MK, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys. Nature, 2016, 531(7594): 381-385.
49.	Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res, 2020, 30(3): 269-271.
50.	Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Graham RL, et al. Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses. Sci Transl Med, 2017, 9(396): eaal3653.
51.	Williamson BN, Feldmann F, Schwarz B, et al. Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2[J/OL]. Nature.[2020-06-09]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32516797.
52.	Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 - preliminary report[J/OL]. N Engl J Med.[2020-05-22]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32445440.
53.	Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet, 2020, 395(10236): 1569-1578.
54.	Furuta Y, Komeno T, Nakamura T, et al. Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci, 2017, 93(7): 449-463.
55.	全國首個潛在治療新冠肺炎藥物“法維拉韋”獲批上市[V/OL]. (2020.02.17). https://www.sohu.com/a/373597048_120488303.
56.	Cai Q, Yang M, Liu D, et al. Experimental treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: an open-label control study[J/OL]. Engineering (Beijing). [2020-03-18]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7185795/.
57.	Pilkington V, Pepperrell T, Hill A, et al. A review of the safety of favipiravir - a potential treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic?. J Virus Erad, 2020, 6(2): 45-51.
58.	Boriskin YS, Leneva I A, Pécheur E-I, et al. Arbidol: a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that blocks viral fusion. Curr Med Chem, 2008, 15(10): 997-1005.
59.	Deng L, Li C, Zeng Q, et al. Arbidol combined with LPV/r versus LPV/r alone against Corona Virus Disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study. J Infect, 2020, 81(1): e1-e5.
60.	Zhang JN, Wang W, Peng B, et al. Potential of Arbidol for post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 transmission-a preliminary report of a retrospective cohort study. Curr Med Sci. [2020-05-30]. http://www.eurekaselect.com/66734/article.
61.	Xu P, Huang J, Fan Z, et al. Arbidol/IFN-alpha2b therapy for patients with corona virus disease 2019: a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Microbes Infect, 2020, 22(4-5): 200-205.
62.	Liu J, Cao R, Xu M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discov, 2020, 6: 16.
63.	Vijayanand P, Wilkins E, Woodhead M, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a review. Clin Med (Lond), 2004, 4(2): 152-160.
64.	Russell CD, Millar JE, Baillie JK, et al. Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): 473-475.
65.	趙建平, 胡軼, 杜榮輝, 等. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎糖皮質激素使用的建議. 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2020, 43(3): 183-184.
66.	Richardson P, Griffin I, Tucker C, et al. Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): e30-e31.
67.	Yamamoto M, Matsuyama S, Li X, et al. Identification of Nafamostat as a potent inhibitor of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein-mediated membrane fusion using the split-protein-based cell-cell fusion assay. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2016, 60(11): 6532-6539.
68.	Du L, He Y, Zhou Y, et al. The spike protein of SARS-CoV--a target for vaccine and therapeutic development. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2009, 7(3): 226-236.

1. Fung TS, Liu DX. Human coronavirus: host-pathogen interaction. Annu Rev Microbiol, 2019, 73: 529-557.
2. Tang Q, Song Y, Shi M, et al. Inferring the hosts of coronavirus using dual statistical models based on nucleotide composition. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 17155.
3. Zhou P, Yang X, Wang X, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 2020, 579(7798): 270-273.
4. Li G, Fan Y, Lai Y, et al. Coronavirus infections and immune responses. J Med Virol, 2020, 92(4): 424-432.
5. Li F. Structure, Function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins. Annu Rev Virol, 2016, 3(1): 237-261.
6. Li W, Michael JM, Natalya V, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature, 2003, 426(6965): 450-454.
7. McBride R, van Zyl M, Fielding BC. The coronavirus nucleocapsid is a multifunctional protein. Viruses, 2014, 6(8): 2991-3018.
8. Masters PS. The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Adv Virus Res, 2006, 66: 193-292.
9. Venkatagopalan P, Sasha MD, Lisa AL, et al. Coronavirus envelope (E) protein remains at the site of assembly. Virology, 2015, 478: 75-85.
10. Nieto-Torres JL, Marta LD, Enrique A, et al. Subcellular location and topology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein. Virology, 2011, 415(2): 69-82.
11. Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge. Virol J, 2019, 16(1): 69.
12. Ruch TR, Machamer CE. The coronavirus E protein: assembly and beyond. Viruses, 2012, 4(3): 363-382.
13. 中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎診療方案(試行第七版)[EB/OL].(2020-03-04). http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7652m/202003/a31191442e29474b98bfed5579d5af95.shtml.
14. Monto AS. Medical reviews: coronaviruses. Yale J Biol Med, 1974, 47(4): 234-251.
15. Perlman S, Netland J. Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2009, 7(6): 439-450.
16. 田懷玉. 2019-nCoV: 來自冠狀病毒的新挑戰. 中華預防醫學雜志, 2020, 54(3): 235-238.
17. Chen J. Pathogenicity and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV-A quick overview and comparison with other emerging viruses. Microbes Infect, 2020, 22(2): 69-71.
18. Jiang S, Xia S, Ying T, et al. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome. Cell Mol Immunol, 2020, 17(5): 554.
19. 劉昌孝, 伊秀林, 王玉麗, 等. 認識新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2), 探討抗病毒藥物研發策略. 藥物評價研究, 2020, 43(3): 361-371.
20. Wang M, Yuan M, Xu H, et al. SARS-CoV infection in a restaurant from palm civet. Emerg Infect Dis, 2005, 11(12): 1860-18565.
21. Yuan J, Hon CC, Wang D, et al. Intraspecies diversity of SARS-like coronaviruses in Rhinolophus sinicus and its implications for the origin of SARS coronaviruses in humans. J Gen Virol, 2010, 91(Pt 4): 1058-1062.
22. Wu A, Peng Y, Huang B, et al. Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China. Cell Host Microbe, 2020, 27(3): 325-328.
23. Peiris JS, Lai ST, Guan Y, et al. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet, 2003, 361(9366): 1319-1325.
24. Stadler K, Masignani V, Eickmann M, et al. SARS--beginning to understand a new virus. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2003, 1(3): 209-218.
25. Ramadan N, Shaib H. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a review. Germs, 2019, 9(1): 35-42.
26. Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS, et al. Coronavirus infections-more than just the common cold[J/OL]. JAMA.[2020-01-23]. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2759815.
27. Graham RL, Donaldson EF, Baric RS, et al. A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2013, 11(12): 836-848.
28. Chan JF, Kok KH, Zhu Z, et al. Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerg Microbes Infect, 2020, 9(1): 221-236.
29. 華農: 穿山甲為潛在中間宿主從中分離的毒株與新冠毒株相似度99%[V/OL].(2020-02-07). https://v.qq.com/x/page/q3062gyqgvv.html?ptag=qqbrowser.
30. Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): 514-523.
31. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China[J/OL]. JAMA. [2020-02-07]. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761044.
32. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(18): 1708-1720.
33. Ng OW, Chia A, Tan AT, et al. Memory T cell responses targeting the SARS coronavirus persist up to 11 years post-infection. Vaccine, 2016, 34(17): 2008-2014.
34. 劉登科, 劉宇鵬. 高致病性冠狀病毒對抗宿主干擾素抗病毒系統作用的研究進展. 中國呼吸與危重監護雜志, 2020, 19(3): 309-311.
35. Zheng B, He M, Wong K, et al. Potent inhibition of SARS-associated coronavirus (SCOV) infection and replication by type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) but not by type Ⅱ interferon (IFN-gamma). J Interferon Cytokine Res, 2004, 24(7): 388-390.
36. Moriguchi H, Sato C. Treatment of SARS with human interferons. Lancet, 2003, 362(9390): 1159.
37. de Wilde AH, Raj VS, Oudshoorn D, et al. MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-alpha treatment. J Gen Virol, 2013, 94(Pt 8): 1749-1760.
38. 劉鑒峰, 劉金劍, 褚麗萍, 等. 霧化吸入干擾素α1b在兔體內的分布及代謝途徑. 醫藥導報, 2013, 32(1): 1-5.
39. Wyen C, Fuhr U, Frank D, et al. Effect of an antiretroviral regimen containing ritonavir boosted lopinavir on intestinal and hepatic CYP3A, CYP2D6 and P-glycoprotein in HIV-infected patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2008, 84(1): 75-82.
40. Yeh RF, Gaver VE, Patterson KB, et al. Lopinavir/ritonavir induces the hepatic activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 but inhibits the hepatic and intestinal activity of CYP3A as measured by a phenotyping drug cocktail in healthy volunteers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2006, 42(1): 52-60.
41. Chu CM, Cheng VCC, Hunget IFN, et al. Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings. Thorax, 2004, 59(3): 252-256.
42. Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Leist SR, et al. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nat Commun, 2020, 11(1): 222.
43. Lim J, Jeon S, Shin HY, et al. Case of the index patient who caused tertiary transmission of covid-19 infection in Korea: the application of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 infected pneumonia monitored by quantitative RT-PCR. J Korean Med Sci, 2020, 35(6): e79.
44. Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, et al. A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(19): 1787-1799.
45. 司斌, 蔣桔泉, 劉孟麗, 等. 利巴韋林治療嚴重急性呼吸綜合征 38 例. 醫藥導報, 2004, 23(8): 530-532.
46. Almekhlafi GA, Albarrak MM, Mandourah Y, et al. Presentation and outcome of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi intensive care unit patients. Crit Care, 2016, 20(1): 123.
47. Choi WS, Kang C, Kim Y, et al. Clinical presentation and outcomes of Middle East respiratory syndrome in the Republic of Korea. Infect Chemother, 2016, 48(2): 118-126.
48. Warren TK, Jordan R, Lo MK, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys. Nature, 2016, 531(7594): 381-385.
49. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res, 2020, 30(3): 269-271.
50. Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Graham RL, et al. Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses. Sci Transl Med, 2017, 9(396): eaal3653.
51. Williamson BN, Feldmann F, Schwarz B, et al. Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2[J/OL]. Nature.[2020-06-09]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32516797.
52. Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 - preliminary report[J/OL]. N Engl J Med.[2020-05-22]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32445440.
53. Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet, 2020, 395(10236): 1569-1578.
54. Furuta Y, Komeno T, Nakamura T, et al. Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci, 2017, 93(7): 449-463.
55. 全國首個潛在治療新冠肺炎藥物“法維拉韋”獲批上市[V/OL]. (2020.02.17). https://www.sohu.com/a/373597048_120488303.
56. Cai Q, Yang M, Liu D, et al. Experimental treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: an open-label control study[J/OL]. Engineering (Beijing). [2020-03-18]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7185795/.
57. Pilkington V, Pepperrell T, Hill A, et al. A review of the safety of favipiravir - a potential treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic?. J Virus Erad, 2020, 6(2): 45-51.
58. Boriskin YS, Leneva I A, Pécheur E-I, et al. Arbidol: a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that blocks viral fusion. Curr Med Chem, 2008, 15(10): 997-1005.
59. Deng L, Li C, Zeng Q, et al. Arbidol combined with LPV/r versus LPV/r alone against Corona Virus Disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study. J Infect, 2020, 81(1): e1-e5.
60. Zhang JN, Wang W, Peng B, et al. Potential of Arbidol for post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 transmission-a preliminary report of a retrospective cohort study. Curr Med Sci. [2020-05-30]. http://www.eurekaselect.com/66734/article.
61. Xu P, Huang J, Fan Z, et al. Arbidol/IFN-alpha2b therapy for patients with corona virus disease 2019: a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Microbes Infect, 2020, 22(4-5): 200-205.
62. Liu J, Cao R, Xu M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discov, 2020, 6: 16.
63. Vijayanand P, Wilkins E, Woodhead M, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a review. Clin Med (Lond), 2004, 4(2): 152-160.
64. Russell CD, Millar JE, Baillie JK, et al. Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): 473-475.
65. 趙建平, 胡軼, 杜榮輝, 等. 新型冠狀病毒肺炎糖皮質激素使用的建議. 中華結核和呼吸雜志, 2020, 43(3): 183-184.
66. Richardson P, Griffin I, Tucker C, et al. Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease. Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): e30-e31.
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Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

冠狀病毒的研究進展

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