Research status and progress of minimally invasive surgery for breast cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

WAN Andi ,  QI Xiaowei , ZHANG Yi , JIANG Jun

Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

QI Xiaowei, Email: qxw9908@foxmail.com

Keywords：

breast cancer; endoscopic surgery; robotic surgery; minimally invasive surgery

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202210071

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To summarize the current research progress of endoscopic/robotic surgery for breast cancer, so as to provide theoretical basis for surgeons and patients to choose surgical methods. Method The relevant literatures on breast cancer endoscopic/robotic surgery at home and abroad in recent years were summarized and reviewed. Results Endoscopic/robotic surgery for breast cancer had the advantages of low intraoperative bleeding, fewer postoperative complications, fast postoperative recovery, good cosmetic results and high patient satisfaction. Conclusions Endoscopic/robotic surgery is a safe and feasible surgical modality and a complement to traditional open breast surgery.

Citation： WAN Andi, QI Xiaowei, ZHANG Yi, JIANG Jun. Research status and progress of minimally invasive surgery for breast cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2022, 29(11): 1433-1438. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202210071 Copy

1.	Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(3): 209-249.
2.	Soerjomataram I, Bray F. Planning for tomorrow: global cancer incidence and the role of prevention 2020-2070. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2021, 18(10): 663-672.
3.	Lei S, Zheng R, Zhang S, et al. Global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality: A population-based cancer registry data analysis from 2000 to 2020. Cancer Commun (Lond), 2021, 41(11): 1183-1194.
4.	Li J, Zhang BN, Fan JH, et al. A nation-wide multicenter 10-year (1999-2008) retrospective clinical epidemiological study of female breast cancer in China. BMC Cancer, 2011, 11: 364.
5.	Fan L, Strasser-Weippl K, Li JJ, et al. Breast cancer in China. Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(7): e279-e289.
6.	Wyld L, Audisio RA, Poston GJ. The evolution of cancer surgery and future perspectives. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2015, 12(2): 115-124.
7.	李慧成. “無孔不入”的腹腔鏡之百年發展史. 人人健康, 2013, (15): 19-20.
8.	呂平, 劉芳, 戚昭恩. 腹腔鏡外科百年發展史. 中華醫史雜志, 2001, 31(4): 217-220.
9.	Semm K. Endoscopic appendectomy. Endoscopy, 1983, 15(2): 59-64.
10.	Cuschieri A, Abd el Ghany AA, Holley MP. Successful chemical cholecystectomy: a laparoscopic guided technique. Gut, 1989, 30(12): 1786-1794.
11.	Liu F, Huang C, Xu Z, et al. Morbidity and mortality of laparoscopic vs open total gastrectomy for clinical stage Ⅰ gastric cancer: The CLASS02 multicenter randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol, 2020, 6(10): 1590-1597.
12.	Lou S, Yin X, Wang Y, et al. Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg, 2022, 102: 106678. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106678.
13.	Bonjer HJ, Deijen CL, Abis GA, et al. A randomized trial of laparoscopic versus open surgery for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(14): 1324-1332.
14.	Moreno P, de la Quintana Basarrate A, Musholt TJ, et al. Laparoscopy versus open adrenalectomy in patients with solid tumor metastases: results of a multicenter European study. Gland Surg, 2020, 9(Suppl 2): S159-S165.
15.	Schnitzbauer V, Gerken M, Benz S, et al. Laparoscopic and open surgery in rectal cancer patients in Germany: short and long-term results of a large 10-year population-based cohort. Surg Endosc, 2020, 34(3): 1132-1141.
16.	Kompatscher P. Endoscopic capsulotomy of capsular contracture after breast augmentation: a very challenging therapeutic approach. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1992, 90(6): 1125-1126.
17.	Ho LC. Endoscopic assisted transaxillary augmentation mammaplasty. Br J Plast Surg, 1993, 46(4): 332-336.
18.	Friedlander LD, Sundin J, Bakshandeh N. Endoscopy mastectomy and breast reconstruction: endoscopic breast surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 1995, 19(1): 27-29.
19.	Salvat J, Knopf JF, Ayoubi JM, et al. Endoscopic exploration and lymph node sampling of the axilla. Preliminary findings of a randomized pilot study comparing clinical and anatomo-pathologic results of endoscopic axillary lymph node sampling with traditional surgical treatment. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1996, 70(2): 165-173.
20.	Avrahami R, Nudelman I, Watenberg S, et al. Minimally invasive surgery for axillary dissection. Cadaveric feasibility study. Surg Endosc, 1998, 12(5): 466-468.
21.	Brunt LM, Jones DB, Wu JS, et al. Endoscopic axillary lymph node dissection: an experimental study in human cadavers. J Am Coll Surg, 1998, 187(2): 158-163.
22.	Tsangaris TN, Trad K, Brody FJ, et al. Endoscopic axillary exploration and sentinel lymphadenectomy. Surg Endosc, 1999, 13(1): 43-47.
23.	吳淞, 章佳新. 乳腺腔鏡手術操作空間建立的進展分析. 中國繼續醫學教育, 2020, 12(12): 114-116.
24.	Kitamura K, Inoue H, Ishida M, et al. Endoscopic extirpation of benign breast tumors using an extramammary approach. Am J Surg, 2001, 181(3): 211-214.
25.	Luo C, Guo W, Yang J, et al. Comparison of mastoscopic and conventional axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer: long-term results from a randomized, multicenter trial. Mayo Clin Proc, 2012, 87(12): 1153-1161.
26.	Xiong H, Chen Z, Xu L, et al. Contrast of mastoscopic and conventional axillary lymph node dissection of patients with breast cancer: Meta-analysis. Cancer Control, 2020, 27(2): 1073274820932987. doi: 10.1177/1073274820932987.
27.	Park HS, Lee JS, Lee JS, et al. The feasibility of endoscopy-assisted breast conservation surgery for patients with early breast cancer. J Breast Cancer, 2011, 14(1): 52-57.
28.	Lai HW, Mok CW, Chang YT, et al. Endoscopic assisted breast conserving surgery for breast cancer: Clinical outcome, learning curve, and patient reported aesthetic results from preliminary 100 procedures. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2020, 46(8): 1446-1455.
29.	Franceschini G, Visconti G, Garganese G, et al. Nipple-sparing mastectomy combined with endoscopic immediate reconstruction via axillary incision for breast cancer: A preliminary experience of an innovative technique. Breast J, 2020, 26(2): 206-210.
30.	Wan A, Liang Y, Chen L, et al. Association of long-term oncologic prognosis with minimal access breast surgery vs conventional breast surgery. JAMA Surg, 2022 Oct 5: e224711. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.4711.
31.	Kwoh YS, Hou J, Jonckheere EA, et al. A robot with improved absolute positioning accuracy for CT guided stereotactic brain surgery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 1988, 35(2): 153-160.
32.	Chen K, Zhang J, Beeraka NM, et al. Robot-assisted minimally invasive breast surgery: recent evidence with comparative clinical outcomes. J Clin Med, 2022, 11(7): 1827. doi: 10.3390/jcm11071827.
33.	Selber JC. Robotic latissimus dorsi muscle harvest. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2011, 128(2): 88e-90e.
34.	Toesca A, Peradze N, Galimberti V, et al. Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with implant: first report of surgical technique. Ann Surg, 2017, 266(2): e28-e30.
35.	Toesca A, Peradze N, Manconi A, et al. Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer: Feasibility and safety study. Breast, 2017, 31: 51-56.
36.	Zhu L, Li S, Tan L, et al. In pursuit of a flawless aphrodite: paving the way to scarless oncoplastic breast surgery. Cancer Commun (Lond), 2019, 39(1): 82. doi: 10.1186/s40880-019-0422-4.
37.	Ozaki S, Ohara M, Shigematsu H, et al. Technical feasibility and cosmetic advantage of hybrid endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer patients. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2013, 23(2): 91-99.
38.	Ozaki S, Ohara M. Endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer patients. Gland Surg, 2014, 3(2): 94-108.
39.	Lai HW, Chen ST, Mok CW, et al. Single-port three-dimensional (3D) videoscope-assisted endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy in the management of breast cancer: technique, clinical outcomes, medical cost, learning curve, and patient-reported aesthetic results from 80 preliminary procedures. Ann Surg Oncol, 2021, 28(12): 7331-7344.
40.	Bishop SN, Selber JC. Minimally invasive robotic breast reconstruction surgery. Gland Surg, 2021, 10(1): 469-478.
41.	Toesca A, Invento A, Massari G, et al. Update on the feasibility and progress on robotic breast surgery. Ann Surg Oncol, 2019, 26(10): 3046-3051.
42.	Lai HW, Chen ST, Tai CM, et al. Robotic- versus endoscopic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate prosthesis breast reconstruction in the management of breast cancer: a case-control comparison study with analysis of clinical outcomes, learning curve, patient-reported aesthetic results, and medical cost. Ann Surg Oncol, 2020, 27(7): 2255-2268.
43.	Wang ZH, Xin P, Qu X, et al. Breast reconstruction using a laparoscopically harvested pedicled omental flap after endoscopic mastectomy for patients with breast cancer: an observational study of a minimally invasive method. Gland Surg, 2020, 9(3): 676-688.
44.	Lai HW, Wu HS, Chuang KL, et al. Endoscopy-assisted total mastectomy followed by immediate pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstruction: preliminary results of 48 patients. Surg Innov, 2015, 22(4): 382-389.
45.	Sarfati B, Struk S, Leymarie N, et al. Robotic prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction: a prospective study. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(9): 2579-2586.
46.	Lai HW, Toesca A, Sarfati B, et al. Consensus statement on robotic mastectomy-expert panel from international endoscopic and robotic breast surgery symposium (IERBS) 2019. Ann Surg, 2020, 271(6): 1005-1012.
47.	Park HS, Lee J, Lee DW, et al. Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction: an initial experience. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 15669. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51744-2.

1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(3): 209-249.
2. Soerjomataram I, Bray F. Planning for tomorrow: global cancer incidence and the role of prevention 2020-2070. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2021, 18(10): 663-672.
3. Lei S, Zheng R, Zhang S, et al. Global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality: A population-based cancer registry data analysis from 2000 to 2020. Cancer Commun (Lond), 2021, 41(11): 1183-1194.
4. Li J, Zhang BN, Fan JH, et al. A nation-wide multicenter 10-year (1999-2008) retrospective clinical epidemiological study of female breast cancer in China. BMC Cancer, 2011, 11: 364.
5. Fan L, Strasser-Weippl K, Li JJ, et al. Breast cancer in China. Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(7): e279-e289.
6. Wyld L, Audisio RA, Poston GJ. The evolution of cancer surgery and future perspectives. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2015, 12(2): 115-124.
7. 李慧成. “無孔不入”的腹腔鏡之百年發展史. 人人健康, 2013, (15): 19-20.
8. 呂平, 劉芳, 戚昭恩. 腹腔鏡外科百年發展史. 中華醫史雜志, 2001, 31(4): 217-220.
9. Semm K. Endoscopic appendectomy. Endoscopy, 1983, 15(2): 59-64.
10. Cuschieri A, Abd el Ghany AA, Holley MP. Successful chemical cholecystectomy: a laparoscopic guided technique. Gut, 1989, 30(12): 1786-1794.
11. Liu F, Huang C, Xu Z, et al. Morbidity and mortality of laparoscopic vs open total gastrectomy for clinical stage Ⅰ gastric cancer: The CLASS02 multicenter randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol, 2020, 6(10): 1590-1597.
12. Lou S, Yin X, Wang Y, et al. Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg, 2022, 102: 106678. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106678.
13. Bonjer HJ, Deijen CL, Abis GA, et al. A randomized trial of laparoscopic versus open surgery for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(14): 1324-1332.
14. Moreno P, de la Quintana Basarrate A, Musholt TJ, et al. Laparoscopy versus open adrenalectomy in patients with solid tumor metastases: results of a multicenter European study. Gland Surg, 2020, 9(Suppl 2): S159-S165.
15. Schnitzbauer V, Gerken M, Benz S, et al. Laparoscopic and open surgery in rectal cancer patients in Germany: short and long-term results of a large 10-year population-based cohort. Surg Endosc, 2020, 34(3): 1132-1141.
16. Kompatscher P. Endoscopic capsulotomy of capsular contracture after breast augmentation: a very challenging therapeutic approach. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1992, 90(6): 1125-1126.
17. Ho LC. Endoscopic assisted transaxillary augmentation mammaplasty. Br J Plast Surg, 1993, 46(4): 332-336.
18. Friedlander LD, Sundin J, Bakshandeh N. Endoscopy mastectomy and breast reconstruction: endoscopic breast surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 1995, 19(1): 27-29.
19. Salvat J, Knopf JF, Ayoubi JM, et al. Endoscopic exploration and lymph node sampling of the axilla. Preliminary findings of a randomized pilot study comparing clinical and anatomo-pathologic results of endoscopic axillary lymph node sampling with traditional surgical treatment. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1996, 70(2): 165-173.
20. Avrahami R, Nudelman I, Watenberg S, et al. Minimally invasive surgery for axillary dissection. Cadaveric feasibility study. Surg Endosc, 1998, 12(5): 466-468.
21. Brunt LM, Jones DB, Wu JS, et al. Endoscopic axillary lymph node dissection: an experimental study in human cadavers. J Am Coll Surg, 1998, 187(2): 158-163.
22. Tsangaris TN, Trad K, Brody FJ, et al. Endoscopic axillary exploration and sentinel lymphadenectomy. Surg Endosc, 1999, 13(1): 43-47.
23. 吳淞, 章佳新. 乳腺腔鏡手術操作空間建立的進展分析. 中國繼續醫學教育, 2020, 12(12): 114-116.
24. Kitamura K, Inoue H, Ishida M, et al. Endoscopic extirpation of benign breast tumors using an extramammary approach. Am J Surg, 2001, 181(3): 211-214.
25. Luo C, Guo W, Yang J, et al. Comparison of mastoscopic and conventional axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer: long-term results from a randomized, multicenter trial. Mayo Clin Proc, 2012, 87(12): 1153-1161.
26. Xiong H, Chen Z, Xu L, et al. Contrast of mastoscopic and conventional axillary lymph node dissection of patients with breast cancer: Meta-analysis. Cancer Control, 2020, 27(2): 1073274820932987. doi: 10.1177/1073274820932987.
27. Park HS, Lee JS, Lee JS, et al. The feasibility of endoscopy-assisted breast conservation surgery for patients with early breast cancer. J Breast Cancer, 2011, 14(1): 52-57.
28. Lai HW, Mok CW, Chang YT, et al. Endoscopic assisted breast conserving surgery for breast cancer: Clinical outcome, learning curve, and patient reported aesthetic results from preliminary 100 procedures. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2020, 46(8): 1446-1455.
29. Franceschini G, Visconti G, Garganese G, et al. Nipple-sparing mastectomy combined with endoscopic immediate reconstruction via axillary incision for breast cancer: A preliminary experience of an innovative technique. Breast J, 2020, 26(2): 206-210.
30. Wan A, Liang Y, Chen L, et al. Association of long-term oncologic prognosis with minimal access breast surgery vs conventional breast surgery. JAMA Surg, 2022 Oct 5: e224711. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.4711.
31. Kwoh YS, Hou J, Jonckheere EA, et al. A robot with improved absolute positioning accuracy for CT guided stereotactic brain surgery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 1988, 35(2): 153-160.
32. Chen K, Zhang J, Beeraka NM, et al. Robot-assisted minimally invasive breast surgery: recent evidence with comparative clinical outcomes. J Clin Med, 2022, 11(7): 1827. doi: 10.3390/jcm11071827.
33. Selber JC. Robotic latissimus dorsi muscle harvest. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2011, 128(2): 88e-90e.
34. Toesca A, Peradze N, Galimberti V, et al. Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with implant: first report of surgical technique. Ann Surg, 2017, 266(2): e28-e30.
35. Toesca A, Peradze N, Manconi A, et al. Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer: Feasibility and safety study. Breast, 2017, 31: 51-56.
36. Zhu L, Li S, Tan L, et al. In pursuit of a flawless aphrodite: paving the way to scarless oncoplastic breast surgery. Cancer Commun (Lond), 2019, 39(1): 82. doi: 10.1186/s40880-019-0422-4.
37. Ozaki S, Ohara M, Shigematsu H, et al. Technical feasibility and cosmetic advantage of hybrid endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer patients. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2013, 23(2): 91-99.
38. Ozaki S, Ohara M. Endoscopy-assisted breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer patients. Gland Surg, 2014, 3(2): 94-108.
39. Lai HW, Chen ST, Mok CW, et al. Single-port three-dimensional (3D) videoscope-assisted endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy in the management of breast cancer: technique, clinical outcomes, medical cost, learning curve, and patient-reported aesthetic results from 80 preliminary procedures. Ann Surg Oncol, 2021, 28(12): 7331-7344.
40. Bishop SN, Selber JC. Minimally invasive robotic breast reconstruction surgery. Gland Surg, 2021, 10(1): 469-478.
41. Toesca A, Invento A, Massari G, et al. Update on the feasibility and progress on robotic breast surgery. Ann Surg Oncol, 2019, 26(10): 3046-3051.
42. Lai HW, Chen ST, Tai CM, et al. Robotic- versus endoscopic-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate prosthesis breast reconstruction in the management of breast cancer: a case-control comparison study with analysis of clinical outcomes, learning curve, patient-reported aesthetic results, and medical cost. Ann Surg Oncol, 2020, 27(7): 2255-2268.
43. Wang ZH, Xin P, Qu X, et al. Breast reconstruction using a laparoscopically harvested pedicled omental flap after endoscopic mastectomy for patients with breast cancer: an observational study of a minimally invasive method. Gland Surg, 2020, 9(3): 676-688.
44. Lai HW, Wu HS, Chuang KL, et al. Endoscopy-assisted total mastectomy followed by immediate pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstruction: preliminary results of 48 patients. Surg Innov, 2015, 22(4): 382-389.
45. Sarfati B, Struk S, Leymarie N, et al. Robotic prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction: a prospective study. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(9): 2579-2586.
46. Lai HW, Toesca A, Sarfati B, et al. Consensus statement on robotic mastectomy-expert panel from international endoscopic and robotic breast surgery symposium (IERBS) 2019. Ann Surg, 2020, 271(6): 1005-1012.
47. Park HS, Lee J, Lee DW, et al. Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction: an initial experience. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1): 15669. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51744-2.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Research status and progress of minimally invasive surgery for breast cancer

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