Role of Gastrokine 1 in The Gastric Mucosal Relative Diseases_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 LUOYun ,  WANGChong-shu

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas, and Intestinal Disease, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China;

Corresponding?author：

WANGChong-shu, Email: chongs-wang@163.com

Keywords：

Gastrokine 1; Gastritis; Gastric ulcer; Gastric cancer

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20150297

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To summarize the role and mechanism of gastrokine 1 (GKN1) in the gastric mucosal relative diseases, and to explore the relationship between GKN1 and gastric mucosal relative diseases. Methods The literatures about GKN1 and gastric mucosal relative diseases in recent years were collected to make a review. Results The expressions of GKN1 gradually declined from gastritis, gastric ulcer to gastric cancer. GKN1 had the effect of protec-ting gastric mucosa, promoting mucosal repairment, and inhibiting the progression of gastric cancer. Conclusions GKN1 not only prevents the development of gastric benign diseases to gastric cancer, but also inhibits the progression of gastric cancer, which provides a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

Citation： LUOYun, WANGChong-shu. Role of Gastrokine 1 in The Gastric Mucosal Relative Diseases. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2015, 22(9): 1143-1147. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20150297 Copy

1.	?中華醫學會消化內鏡學分會, 中國抗癌協會腫瘤內鏡專業委員會. 中國早期胃癌篩查及內鏡診治共識意見(2014年,長沙). 中華消化雜志, 2014, 34(7):433-448.
2.	王鈺虹. GKN、TFF蛋白與胃癌. 胃腸病學, 2011, 16(6):373-375.
3.	馬志琳, 崔梅花. 胃黏膜保護機制的研究現狀與進展. 胃腸病學和肝病學雜志, 2015, 24(4):373-377.
4.	Yoon JH, Choi WS, Kim O, et al. The role of gastrokine 1 in gastric cancer. J Gastric Cancer, 2014, 14(3):147-155.
5.	Oien KA, McGregor F, Butler S, et al. Gastrokine 1 is abundantly and specifically expressed in superficial gastric epithelium, down-regulated in gastric carcinoma, and shows high evolutionary conservation. J Pathol, 2004, 203(3):789-797.
6.	Chen P, Lingen M, Sonis ST, et al. Role of AMP-18 in oral muco-sitis. Oral Oncol, 2011, 47(9):831-839.
7.	Fahlbusch FB, Ruebner M, Huebner H, et al. The tumor suppressor gastrokine-1 is expressed in placenta and contributes to the regula-tion of trophoblast migration. Placenta, 2013, 34(11):1027-1035.
8.	Sanchez-Pulido L, Devos D, Valencia A. BRICHOS:a conserved domain in proteins associated with dementia, respiratory distress and cancer. Trends Biochem Sci, 2002, 27(7):329-332.
9.	Menheniott TR, Kurklu B, Giraud AS. Gastrokines:stomach-specific proteins with putative homeostatic and tumor suppressor roles. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2013, 304(2):G109-G121.
10.	Yoon JH, Choi YJ, Choi WS, et al. Functional analysis of the NH2-terminal hydrophobic region and BRICHOS domain of GKN1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013, 440(4):689-695.
11.	Martin TE, Powell CT, Wang Z, et al. A novel mitogenic protein that is highly expressed in cells of the gastric antrum mucosa. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2003, 285(2):G332-G343.
12.	Toback FG, Walsh-Reitz MM, Musch MW, et al. Peptide fragments of AMP-18, a novel secreted gastric antrum mucosal protein, are mitogenic and motogenic. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2003, 285(2):G344-G353.
13.	Nardone G, Rippa E, Martin G, et al. Gastrokine 1 expression in patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection. Dig Liver Dis, 2007, 39(2):122-129.
14.	Yoon JH, Seo HS, Choi SS, et al. Gastrokine 1 inhibits the carcino-genic potentials of Helicobacter pylori CagA. Carcinogenesis, 2014, 35(11):2619-2629.
15.	Xing R, Li WM, Cui J, et al. Gastrokine 1 induces senescence through p16/Rb pathway activation in gastric cancer cells. Gut, 2012, 61(1):43-52.
16.	Yoon JH, Choi YJ, Choi WS, et al. GKN1-miR-185-DNMT1 axis suppresses gastric carcinogenesis through regulation of epigenetic alteration and cell cycle. Clin Cancer Res, 2013, 19(17):4599-4610.
17.	Yoon JH, Kang YH, Choi YJ, et al. Gastrokine 1 functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2011, 137(11):1697-1704.
18.	Chen P, Kartha S, Bissonnette M, et al. AMP-18 facilitates assembly and stabilization of tight junctions to protect the colonic mucosal barrier. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2012, 18(9):1749-1759.
19.	Walsh-Reitz MM, Huang EF, Musch MW, et al. AMP-18 protects barrier function of colonic epithelial cells:role of tight junction proteins. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2005, 289(1):G163-G171.
20.	Guang W, Ding H, Czinn SJ, et al. Muc1 cell surface mucin attenuates epithelial inflammation in response to a common mucosal pathogen. J Biol Chem, 2010, 285(27):20547-20557.
21.	Isomoto H, Mizuta Y, Miyazaki M, et al. Implication of NF-kappaB in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Am J Gastroenterol, 2000, 95(10):2768-2776.
22.	Liu CA, Wang MJ, Chi CW, et al. Rho/rhotekin-mediated NF-kappaB activation confers resistance to apoptosis. Oncogene, 2004, 23(54):8731-8742.
23.	趙建秋, 聞淑軍, 張志廣, 等. 幽門螺桿菌對胃癌環氧合酶-2和15-羥基前列腺素脫氫酶表達的影響. 中華消化雜志, 2014, 34(5):331-333.
24.	Yoon JH, Cho ML, Choi YJ, et al. Gastrokine 1 regulates NF-κB signaling pathway and cytokine expression in gastric cancers. J Cell Biochem, 2013, 114(8):1800-1809.
25.	Cover TL, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori in health and disease. Gastroenterology, 2009, 136(6):1863-1873.
26.	Choi WS, Seo HS, Song KY, et al. Gastrokine 1 expression in the human gastric mucosa is closely associated with the degree of gast-ritis and DNA methylation. J Gastric Cancer, 2013, 13(4):232-241.
27.	Resnick MB, Sabo E, Meitner PA, et al. Global analysis of the human gastric epithelial transcriptome altered by Helicobacter pylori eradication in vivo. Gut, 2006, 55(12):1717-1724.
28.	Nardone G, Martin G, Rocco A, et al. Molecular expression of Gastrokine 1 in normal mucosa and in Helicobacter pylori-related preneoplastic and neoplastic gastric lesions. Cancer Biol Ther, 2008, 7(12):1890-1895.
29.	Yoshikawa Y, Mukai H, Hino F, et al. Isolation of two novel genes, down-regulated in gastric cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res, 2000, 91(5):459-463.
30.	Moss SF, Lee JW, Sabo E, et al. Decreased expression of gastrokine 1 and the trefoil factor interacting protein TFIZ1/GKN2 in gastric cancer:influence of tumor histology and relationship to prognosis. Clin Cancer Res, 2008, 14(13):4161-4167.
31.	Xiao JW, Chen JH, Ren MY, et al. Relationship between expression of gastrokine 1 and clinicopathological characteristics in gastric cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(11):5897-5901.
32.	Thiery JP, Acloque H, Huang RY, et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell, 2009, 139(5):871-890.
33.	Nieto MA, Cano A. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition under control:global programs to regulate epithelial plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol, 2012, 22(5-6):361-368.
34.	Dur?es C, Almeida GM, Seruca R, et al. Biomarkers for gastric cancer:prognostic, predictive or targets of therapy?. Virchows Archiv, 2014, 464(3):367-378.
35.	Yoon JH, Song JH, Zhang C, et al. Inactivation of the Gastrokine 1 gene in gastric adenomas and carcinomas. J Pathol, 2011, 223(5):618-625.
36.	Campisi J, Kim SH, Lim CS, et al. Cellular senescence, cancer and aging:the telomere connection. Exp Gerontol, 2001, 36(10):1619-1637.
37.	Yoon JH, Seo HS, Choi WS, et al. Gastrokine 1 induces senescence and apoptosis through regulating telomere length in gastric cancer. Oncotarget, 2014, 5(22):11695-11708.
38.	Hersmus R, Kalfa N, de Leeuw B, et al. FOXL2 and SOX9 as parameters of female and male gonadal differentiation in patients with various forms of disorders of sex development (DSD). J Pathol, 2008, 215(1):31-38.
39.	Kormish JD, Sinner D, Zorn AM. Interactions between SOX factors and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in development and disease. Dev Dyn, 2010, 239(1):56-68.
40.	Moniot B, Biau S, Faure S, et al. SOX9 specifies the pyloric sphin-cter epithelium through mesenchymal-epithelial signals. Development, 2004, 131(15):3795-3804.
41.	Sun M, Uozaki H, Hino R, et al. SOX9 expression and its methyla-tion status in gastric cancer. Virchows Arch, 2012, 460(3):271-279.
42.	Choi YJ, Song JH, Yoon JH, et al. Aberrant expression of SOX9 is associated with gastrokine 1 inactivation in gastric cancers. Gastric Cancer, 2014, 17(2):247-254.
43.	Kim O, Yoon JH, Choi WS, et al. GKN2 contributes to the homeos-tasis of gastric mucosa by inhibiting GKN1 activity. J Cell Physiol, 2014, 229(6):762-771.

1. ?中華醫學會消化內鏡學分會, 中國抗癌協會腫瘤內鏡專業委員會. 中國早期胃癌篩查及內鏡診治共識意見(2014年,長沙). 中華消化雜志, 2014, 34(7):433-448.
2. 王鈺虹. GKN、TFF蛋白與胃癌. 胃腸病學, 2011, 16(6):373-375.
3. 馬志琳, 崔梅花. 胃黏膜保護機制的研究現狀與進展. 胃腸病學和肝病學雜志, 2015, 24(4):373-377.
4. Yoon JH, Choi WS, Kim O, et al. The role of gastrokine 1 in gastric cancer. J Gastric Cancer, 2014, 14(3):147-155.
5. Oien KA, McGregor F, Butler S, et al. Gastrokine 1 is abundantly and specifically expressed in superficial gastric epithelium, down-regulated in gastric carcinoma, and shows high evolutionary conservation. J Pathol, 2004, 203(3):789-797.
6. Chen P, Lingen M, Sonis ST, et al. Role of AMP-18 in oral muco-sitis. Oral Oncol, 2011, 47(9):831-839.
7. Fahlbusch FB, Ruebner M, Huebner H, et al. The tumor suppressor gastrokine-1 is expressed in placenta and contributes to the regula-tion of trophoblast migration. Placenta, 2013, 34(11):1027-1035.
8. Sanchez-Pulido L, Devos D, Valencia A. BRICHOS:a conserved domain in proteins associated with dementia, respiratory distress and cancer. Trends Biochem Sci, 2002, 27(7):329-332.
9. Menheniott TR, Kurklu B, Giraud AS. Gastrokines:stomach-specific proteins with putative homeostatic and tumor suppressor roles. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2013, 304(2):G109-G121.
10. Yoon JH, Choi YJ, Choi WS, et al. Functional analysis of the NH2-terminal hydrophobic region and BRICHOS domain of GKN1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013, 440(4):689-695.
11. Martin TE, Powell CT, Wang Z, et al. A novel mitogenic protein that is highly expressed in cells of the gastric antrum mucosa. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2003, 285(2):G332-G343.
12. Toback FG, Walsh-Reitz MM, Musch MW, et al. Peptide fragments of AMP-18, a novel secreted gastric antrum mucosal protein, are mitogenic and motogenic. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2003, 285(2):G344-G353.
13. Nardone G, Rippa E, Martin G, et al. Gastrokine 1 expression in patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection. Dig Liver Dis, 2007, 39(2):122-129.
14. Yoon JH, Seo HS, Choi SS, et al. Gastrokine 1 inhibits the carcino-genic potentials of Helicobacter pylori CagA. Carcinogenesis, 2014, 35(11):2619-2629.
15. Xing R, Li WM, Cui J, et al. Gastrokine 1 induces senescence through p16/Rb pathway activation in gastric cancer cells. Gut, 2012, 61(1):43-52.
16. Yoon JH, Choi YJ, Choi WS, et al. GKN1-miR-185-DNMT1 axis suppresses gastric carcinogenesis through regulation of epigenetic alteration and cell cycle. Clin Cancer Res, 2013, 19(17):4599-4610.
17. Yoon JH, Kang YH, Choi YJ, et al. Gastrokine 1 functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2011, 137(11):1697-1704.
18. Chen P, Kartha S, Bissonnette M, et al. AMP-18 facilitates assembly and stabilization of tight junctions to protect the colonic mucosal barrier. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2012, 18(9):1749-1759.
19. Walsh-Reitz MM, Huang EF, Musch MW, et al. AMP-18 protects barrier function of colonic epithelial cells:role of tight junction proteins. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2005, 289(1):G163-G171.
20. Guang W, Ding H, Czinn SJ, et al. Muc1 cell surface mucin attenuates epithelial inflammation in response to a common mucosal pathogen. J Biol Chem, 2010, 285(27):20547-20557.
21. Isomoto H, Mizuta Y, Miyazaki M, et al. Implication of NF-kappaB in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Am J Gastroenterol, 2000, 95(10):2768-2776.
22. Liu CA, Wang MJ, Chi CW, et al. Rho/rhotekin-mediated NF-kappaB activation confers resistance to apoptosis. Oncogene, 2004, 23(54):8731-8742.
23. 趙建秋, 聞淑軍, 張志廣, 等. 幽門螺桿菌對胃癌環氧合酶-2和15-羥基前列腺素脫氫酶表達的影響. 中華消化雜志, 2014, 34(5):331-333.
24. Yoon JH, Cho ML, Choi YJ, et al. Gastrokine 1 regulates NF-κB signaling pathway and cytokine expression in gastric cancers. J Cell Biochem, 2013, 114(8):1800-1809.
25. Cover TL, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori in health and disease. Gastroenterology, 2009, 136(6):1863-1873.
26. Choi WS, Seo HS, Song KY, et al. Gastrokine 1 expression in the human gastric mucosa is closely associated with the degree of gast-ritis and DNA methylation. J Gastric Cancer, 2013, 13(4):232-241.
27. Resnick MB, Sabo E, Meitner PA, et al. Global analysis of the human gastric epithelial transcriptome altered by Helicobacter pylori eradication in vivo. Gut, 2006, 55(12):1717-1724.
28. Nardone G, Martin G, Rocco A, et al. Molecular expression of Gastrokine 1 in normal mucosa and in Helicobacter pylori-related preneoplastic and neoplastic gastric lesions. Cancer Biol Ther, 2008, 7(12):1890-1895.
29. Yoshikawa Y, Mukai H, Hino F, et al. Isolation of two novel genes, down-regulated in gastric cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res, 2000, 91(5):459-463.
30. Moss SF, Lee JW, Sabo E, et al. Decreased expression of gastrokine 1 and the trefoil factor interacting protein TFIZ1/GKN2 in gastric cancer:influence of tumor histology and relationship to prognosis. Clin Cancer Res, 2008, 14(13):4161-4167.
31. Xiao JW, Chen JH, Ren MY, et al. Relationship between expression of gastrokine 1 and clinicopathological characteristics in gastric cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(11):5897-5901.
32. Thiery JP, Acloque H, Huang RY, et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell, 2009, 139(5):871-890.
33. Nieto MA, Cano A. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition under control:global programs to regulate epithelial plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol, 2012, 22(5-6):361-368.
34. Dur?es C, Almeida GM, Seruca R, et al. Biomarkers for gastric cancer:prognostic, predictive or targets of therapy?. Virchows Archiv, 2014, 464(3):367-378.
35. Yoon JH, Song JH, Zhang C, et al. Inactivation of the Gastrokine 1 gene in gastric adenomas and carcinomas. J Pathol, 2011, 223(5):618-625.
36. Campisi J, Kim SH, Lim CS, et al. Cellular senescence, cancer and aging:the telomere connection. Exp Gerontol, 2001, 36(10):1619-1637.
37. Yoon JH, Seo HS, Choi WS, et al. Gastrokine 1 induces senescence and apoptosis through regulating telomere length in gastric cancer. Oncotarget, 2014, 5(22):11695-11708.
38. Hersmus R, Kalfa N, de Leeuw B, et al. FOXL2 and SOX9 as parameters of female and male gonadal differentiation in patients with various forms of disorders of sex development (DSD). J Pathol, 2008, 215(1):31-38.
39. Kormish JD, Sinner D, Zorn AM. Interactions between SOX factors and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in development and disease. Dev Dyn, 2010, 239(1):56-68.
40. Moniot B, Biau S, Faure S, et al. SOX9 specifies the pyloric sphin-cter epithelium through mesenchymal-epithelial signals. Development, 2004, 131(15):3795-3804.
41. Sun M, Uozaki H, Hino R, et al. SOX9 expression and its methyla-tion status in gastric cancer. Virchows Arch, 2012, 460(3):271-279.
42. Choi YJ, Song JH, Yoon JH, et al. Aberrant expression of SOX9 is associated with gastrokine 1 inactivation in gastric cancers. Gastric Cancer, 2014, 17(2):247-254.
43. Kim O, Yoon JH, Choi WS, et al. GKN2 contributes to the homeos-tasis of gastric mucosa by inhibiting GKN1 activity. J Cell Physiol, 2014, 229(6):762-771.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Role of Gastrokine 1 in The Gastric Mucosal Relative Diseases

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