Experimental Study on The Killing Effect of Hypotonic Solution for Intraperitoneal Free Cancer Cells of Hepatocellular Carcinoma_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 MIAOJi ^1,2 ,  MAFeng ¹ , LIUXue-min ^1,3 , XIANGJun-xi ^1,3 , DONGDing-hui ^1,3 ,  LüYi ^1,3

1. Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China;
2. Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China;
3. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China;

Corresponding?author：

LüYi, Email: luyi169@126.com

Keywords：

Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hypotonic solution; Intraperitoneal free cancer cell

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20150014

Video：

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Objective To investigate the survival of liver cancer cells in hypotonic solution, and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of warm distilled water to kill free intraperitoneal liver cancer cells. Methods The hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B were cultured by using different osmotic HEPES buffered solution (148 mOsmol/kg, 90 mOsmol/kg, and 0 mOsmol/kg) in vitro, and then the activity and status of the cells were observed by using the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results One hundred and forty-eight mOsmol/kg and 90 mOsmol/kg osmotic pressure solution had no obvious killing effect for hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B, the cells still had strong activity after 30 min. The 0 mOsmol/kg osmotic pressure distilled water had particular killing effect for hepatocellular carcinoma cells, with the prolongation of time and the killing effect was enhanced. It needs 10 min to destruct free cancer cells. Conclusion Application of warm distilled water lavage in liver cancer surgery requires the continuing role of 10 min to kill the intraperitoneal free cancer cells, thereby preventing the occurrence of postoperative peritoneal metastasis.

Citation： MIAOJi, MAFeng, LIUXue-min, XIANGJun-xi, DONGDing-hui, LüYi. Experimental Study on The Killing Effect of Hypotonic Solution for Intraperitoneal Free Cancer Cells of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2015, 22(1): 55-59. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20150014 Copy

1.	Lee SD, Ryu KW, Eom BW, et al. Prognostic significance of peritoneal washing cytology in patients with gastric cancer. Br J Surg, 2012, 99(3):397-403.
2.	Yang XJ, Huang CQ, Suo T, et al. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy improves survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer:final results of a phaseⅢrandomized clinical trial. Ann Surg Oncol, 2011, 18(6):1575-1581.
3.	孫延富, 程月娥, 王振猛, 等.肝癌術中腹腔內游離癌細胞與術后種植轉移的相關性分析.肝膽胰外科雜志, 2009, 21(2):126-128, 132.
4.	Kuramoto M, Shimada S, Ikeshima S, et al. Extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage as a standard prophylactic strategy for peritoneal recurrence in patients with gastric carcinoma. Ann Surg, 2009, 250(2):242-246.
5.	Miao N, Pingpank JF, Alexander HR, et al. Cytoreductive surgery and continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion in patients with mesothelioma and peritoneal carcinomatosis:hemodynamic, metabolic, and anesthetic considerations. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(2):334-344.
6.	張海斌, 楊廣順, 盧軍華, 等.原發性肝癌患者術中腹腔游離癌細胞的檢測及其臨床意義.第二軍醫大學學報, 2002, 23(5):501-503.
7.	Shield P. Peritoneal washing cytology. Cytopathology, 2004, 15(3):131-141.
8.	Horikawa M, Iinuma H, Inoue T, et al. Clinical significance of intraperitoneal CD44 mRNA levels of magnetically separated CD45-negative EpCAM-positive cells for peritoneal recurrence and prognosis in stageⅡandⅢgastric cancer patients. Oncol Rep, 2011, 25(5):1413-1420.
9.	Rong Y, Mack P. Apoptosis induced by hyperthermia in Dunn osteosarcoma cell line in vitro. Int J Hyperthermia, 2000, 16(1):19-27.
10.	崔書中, 巴明臣, 唐鴻生, 等.腹腔熱灌注化療技術方法變遷及展望.中華臨床醫師雜志:電子版, 2011, 5(7):2039-2042.
11.	Urano M. Invited Review:For the clinical application of thermochemotherapy given at mild temperatures. Int J Hyperthermia, 1999, 15(2):79-107.
12.	Marynick SP, Ramsey EJ, Knochel JP. The effect of bicarbonate and distilled water on sickle cell trait hematuria and in vitro studies on the interaction of osmolality and pH on erythrocyte sickling in sickle cell trait. J Urol, 1977, 118(5):793-796.
13.	Masin F, Masin M. Formaldehyde-distilled water as hemolyzing medium for cell suspensions. Acta Cytol, 1974, 18(1):13-19.
14.	Mercill DB, Jones NR, Harbell JW. Human tumor cell destruction by distilled water. An in vitro evaluation. Cancer, 1985, 55(12):2779-2782.
15.	Liu X, Bandyopadhyay BC, Nakamoto T, et al. A role for AQP5 in activation of TRPV4 by hypotonicity:concerted involvement of AQP5 and TRPV4 in regulation of cell volume recovery. J Biol Chem, 2006, 281(22):15485-15495.
16.	Galizia L, Flamenco MP, Rivarola V, et al. Role of AQP2 in activation of calcium entry by hypotonicity:implications in cell volume regulation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2008, 294(3):F582-F590.
17.	Caplanusi A, Kim KJ, Lariviere E, et al. Swelling-activated K+ efflux and regulatory volume decrease efficiency in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Membr Biol, 2006, 214(1):33-41.
18.	Miya zaki H, Shiozaki A, Niisato N, et al. Physiological significance of hypotonicity-induced regulatory volume decrease:reduction in intracellular Cl-concentration acting as an intracellular signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2007, 292(5):F1411-F1417.
19.	Kosuga T, Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, et al. Pleural lavage with distilled water during surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep, 2011, 26(3):577-86.
20.	Hua SZ, Gottlieb PA, Heo J, et al. A mechanosensitive ion channel regulating cell volume. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2010, 298(6):C1424-C1430.
21.	van Tol BL, Missan S, Crack J, et al. Contribution of KCNQ1 to the regulator y volume decrease in the human mammary epithelial cell line MCF-7. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2007, 293(3):C1010-C1019.
22.	Boudreault F, Grygorczyk R. Cell swelling-induced ATP release and gadolinium-sensitive channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2002, 282(1):C219-C226.
23.	Takemoto K, Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of peritoneal lavage with distilled water in colorectal cancer surgery:in vitro and in vivo study. J Gastroenterol, 2014, 8.[Epub ahead of print].
24.	Huguet EL, Keeling NJ. Distilled water peritoneal lavage after colorectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum, 2004, 47(12):2114-2119.
25.	Levin DR, Moskovitz B. Distilled water versus chemotherapeutic agents for transitional bladder carcinoma. Eur Urol, 1986, 12(6):418-421.
26.	Lin CH, Hsieh HF, Yu JC, et al. Peritoneal lavage with distilled water during liver resection in patients with spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinomas. J Surg Oncol, 2006, 94(3):255-256.

1. Lee SD, Ryu KW, Eom BW, et al. Prognostic significance of peritoneal washing cytology in patients with gastric cancer. Br J Surg, 2012, 99(3):397-403.
2. Yang XJ, Huang CQ, Suo T, et al. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy improves survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer:final results of a phaseⅢrandomized clinical trial. Ann Surg Oncol, 2011, 18(6):1575-1581.
3. 孫延富, 程月娥, 王振猛, 等.肝癌術中腹腔內游離癌細胞與術后種植轉移的相關性分析.肝膽胰外科雜志, 2009, 21(2):126-128, 132.
4. Kuramoto M, Shimada S, Ikeshima S, et al. Extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage as a standard prophylactic strategy for peritoneal recurrence in patients with gastric carcinoma. Ann Surg, 2009, 250(2):242-246.
5. Miao N, Pingpank JF, Alexander HR, et al. Cytoreductive surgery and continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion in patients with mesothelioma and peritoneal carcinomatosis:hemodynamic, metabolic, and anesthetic considerations. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(2):334-344.
6. 張海斌, 楊廣順, 盧軍華, 等.原發性肝癌患者術中腹腔游離癌細胞的檢測及其臨床意義.第二軍醫大學學報, 2002, 23(5):501-503.
7. Shield P. Peritoneal washing cytology. Cytopathology, 2004, 15(3):131-141.
8. Horikawa M, Iinuma H, Inoue T, et al. Clinical significance of intraperitoneal CD44 mRNA levels of magnetically separated CD45-negative EpCAM-positive cells for peritoneal recurrence and prognosis in stageⅡandⅢgastric cancer patients. Oncol Rep, 2011, 25(5):1413-1420.
9. Rong Y, Mack P. Apoptosis induced by hyperthermia in Dunn osteosarcoma cell line in vitro. Int J Hyperthermia, 2000, 16(1):19-27.
10. 崔書中, 巴明臣, 唐鴻生, 等.腹腔熱灌注化療技術方法變遷及展望.中華臨床醫師雜志:電子版, 2011, 5(7):2039-2042.
11. Urano M. Invited Review:For the clinical application of thermochemotherapy given at mild temperatures. Int J Hyperthermia, 1999, 15(2):79-107.
12. Marynick SP, Ramsey EJ, Knochel JP. The effect of bicarbonate and distilled water on sickle cell trait hematuria and in vitro studies on the interaction of osmolality and pH on erythrocyte sickling in sickle cell trait. J Urol, 1977, 118(5):793-796.
13. Masin F, Masin M. Formaldehyde-distilled water as hemolyzing medium for cell suspensions. Acta Cytol, 1974, 18(1):13-19.
14. Mercill DB, Jones NR, Harbell JW. Human tumor cell destruction by distilled water. An in vitro evaluation. Cancer, 1985, 55(12):2779-2782.
15. Liu X, Bandyopadhyay BC, Nakamoto T, et al. A role for AQP5 in activation of TRPV4 by hypotonicity:concerted involvement of AQP5 and TRPV4 in regulation of cell volume recovery. J Biol Chem, 2006, 281(22):15485-15495.
16. Galizia L, Flamenco MP, Rivarola V, et al. Role of AQP2 in activation of calcium entry by hypotonicity:implications in cell volume regulation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2008, 294(3):F582-F590.
17. Caplanusi A, Kim KJ, Lariviere E, et al. Swelling-activated K+ efflux and regulatory volume decrease efficiency in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Membr Biol, 2006, 214(1):33-41.
18. Miya zaki H, Shiozaki A, Niisato N, et al. Physiological significance of hypotonicity-induced regulatory volume decrease:reduction in intracellular Cl-concentration acting as an intracellular signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2007, 292(5):F1411-F1417.
19. Kosuga T, Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, et al. Pleural lavage with distilled water during surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep, 2011, 26(3):577-86.
20. Hua SZ, Gottlieb PA, Heo J, et al. A mechanosensitive ion channel regulating cell volume. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2010, 298(6):C1424-C1430.
21. van Tol BL, Missan S, Crack J, et al. Contribution of KCNQ1 to the regulator y volume decrease in the human mammary epithelial cell line MCF-7. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2007, 293(3):C1010-C1019.
22. Boudreault F, Grygorczyk R. Cell swelling-induced ATP release and gadolinium-sensitive channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2002, 282(1):C219-C226.
23. Takemoto K, Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of peritoneal lavage with distilled water in colorectal cancer surgery:in vitro and in vivo study. J Gastroenterol, 2014, 8.[Epub ahead of print].
24. Huguet EL, Keeling NJ. Distilled water peritoneal lavage after colorectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum, 2004, 47(12):2114-2119.
25. Levin DR, Moskovitz B. Distilled water versus chemotherapeutic agents for transitional bladder carcinoma. Eur Urol, 1986, 12(6):418-421.
26. Lin CH, Hsieh HF, Yu JC, et al. Peritoneal lavage with distilled water during liver resection in patients with spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinomas. J Surg Oncol, 2006, 94(3):255-256.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Experimental Study on The Killing Effect of Hypotonic Solution for Intraperitoneal Free Cancer Cells of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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