Interpretation of WHO report 2020-2024: Global tuberculosis report and analysis of key data for China_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

WANG Ning ¹ , FENG Xixi ² , GONG Sheng ¹ , JIANG Liangshuang ¹ ,  YAO Xiaojun ¹

1. Public Health Clinical Centre of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610061, P. R. China;
2. Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

YAO Xiaojun, Email: flyingyao@163.com

Keywords：

Tuberculosis; WHO report; global trends; current situation; prevention and control

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202506002

Video：

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2020–2024 global TB reports provide a comprehensive overview of the TB situation from 2019 to 2023. In 2023, TB re-emerged as the world's leading infectious killer, with an estimated 10.8 million new cases. While the growth in the incidence rate slowed, the number of deaths decreased to 1.25 million. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted TB control efforts in 2020–2021. As control measures are gradually restored, a positive trend in TB control is emerging. However, significant regional disparities in incidence persist, with eight high-burden countries, including India and China, accounting for over two-thirds of the global total. In 2023, global treatment coverage for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) was 44.00% with a treatment success rate of 68.00%; yet, with 400 000 new drug-resistant cases, the control situation remains severe. China has achieved remarkable progress in TB control: new cases fell to 741 000 in 2023 (an incidence of 52 per 100 000); mortality decreased significantly; its share of the global DR-TB burden dropped from 14.00% to 7.30%; and the TB/HIV co-infection rate declined from 1.68% in 2019 to 0.66% in 2023, outperforming the global average. Globally, control measures continue to be optimized: treatment coverage increased from 70.00% in 2019 to 75.00% in 2023, the number of people receiving preventive therapy grew to 4.7 million, and rapid diagnostic coverage reached 48.00%. In China, the number of patients treated recovered to 565 000 in 2023, and rapid diagnostic coverage rose to 74.00%. Although technological innovations have enhanced the efficiency of prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management, achieving the 2030 End TB Strategy goals will require strengthening TB management, building primary healthcare capacity, and targeting interventions for high-risk populations, while balancing resource allocation with technological innovation to address the challenges of a heterogeneous global epidemic.

Citation： WANG Ning, FENG Xixi, GONG Sheng, JIANG Liangshuang, YAO Xiaojun. Interpretation of WHO report 2020-2024: Global tuberculosis report and analysis of key data for China. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2025, 32(9): 1209-1215. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202506002 Copy

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11.	高靜韜, 劉宇紅. 2021年世界衛生組織全球結核病報告要點解讀. 河北醫科大學學報, 2022, 43(7): 745-749.Gao JT, Liu YH. Interpretation of key points from the 2021 World Health Organization global tuberculosis report. J Hebei Med Univ, 2022, 43(7): 745-749.
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14.	盧春容, 譚衛國, 陸普選, 等. 2023年WHO全球結核病報告: 全球與中國關鍵數據分析. 新發傳染病電子雜志, 2023, 8(6): 73-78.Lu CR, Tan WG, Lu PX, et al. 2023 WHO tuberculosis report: key data analysis for China and the global world. Electron J Emerg Infect Dis, 2023, 8(6): 73-78.
15.	舒薇, 劉宇紅. 精進臻善惟實勵新: 世界衛生組織《2022年全球結核病報告》解讀. 中國防癆雜志, 2023, 45(5): 454-457.Shu W, Liu YH. Strive for excellence with an emphasis on fundamentals and innovations: interpretation of the WHO global tuberculosis report 2022. Chin J Antituberc, 2023, 45(5): 454-457.
16.	譚雋怡, 向明確, 李天駒, 等. 營養因素與結核病患者預后相關研究進展. 中國感染與化療雜志, 2024, 24(3): 366-370.Tan JY, Xiang MQ, Li TJ, et al. Research updates on the effects of nutritional factors on outcomes of tuberculosis patients. Chin J Infect Chemother, 2024, 24(3): 366-370.
17.	宋敏, 陸普選, 方偉軍, 等. 2022年WHO全球結核病報告: 全球與中國關鍵數據分析. 新發傳染病電子雜志, 2023, 8(1): 87-92.Song M, Lu PX, Fang WJ, et al. The global tuberculosis report 2022: key data analysis for China and the global world. Electron J Emerg Infect Dis, 2023, 8(1): 87-92.
18.	盧春容, 房宏霞, 陸普選, 等. WHO 2021年全球結核病報告: 全球與中國關鍵數據分析. 新發傳染病電子雜志, 2021, 6(4): 368-372.Lu CR, Fang HX, Lu PX, et al. 2021 WHO tuberculosis report: key data analysis for China and the global world. Electron J Emerg Infect Dis, 2021, 6(4): 368-372.
19.	梁晨, 于佳佳, 唐神結. 世界衛生組織《全球結核病報告2022》解讀. 診斷學理論與實踐, 2023, 22(1): 21-30.Liang C, Yu JJ, Tang SJ. Interpretation of the global tuberculosis report 2022 by World Health Organization. J Diagn Concepts Pract, 2023, 22(1): 21-30.
20.	國家疾病預防控制局, 中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會, 中華人民共和國國家發展和改革委員會, 等. 全國結核病防治規劃 (2024—2030年). 新發傳染病電子雜志, 2025, 10(1): 94-96.National Disease Control and Prevention Administration, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Development and Reform Commission, et al. National tuberculosis prevention and control plan (2024-2030). Electron J Emerg Infect Dis, 2025, 10(1): 94-96.
21.	陳偉, 李雪, 劉小秋, 等. 《全國結核病防治規劃(2024—2030年)》解讀. 中國防癆雜志, 2025, 47(2): 130-136.Chen W, Li X, Liu XQ, et al. Interpretation and explanation about the National Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Plan (2024-2030). Chin J Antituberc, 2025, 47(2): 130-136.
22.	李仁忠, 阮云洲, 徐彩紅, 等. 世界衛生組織利福平耐藥結核病患者數估算方法. 中國防癆雜志, 2023, 45(3): 328.Li RZ, Ruan YZ, Xu CH, et al. World Health Organization estimation method for the number of patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Chin J Antituberc, 2023, 45(3): 328.
23.	World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment and care. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2025.
24.	初乃惠, 聶文娟. 耐藥結核病全口服短程治療專家共識. 中國防癆雜志, 2025, 47(7): 830-839.Chu NH, Nie WJ. Expert consensus on total oral short-course therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Chin J Antituberc, 2025, 47(7): 830-839.
25.	舒薇, 劉宇紅. 矢志革新履踐致遠: 《2024年全球結核病報告》結核病科學研究章節解讀. 中國防癆雜志, 2025, 47(2): 137-141.Shu W, Liu YH. Committed to innovation and striving for long-term progress: interpretation of research and innovation chapter in the global tuberculosis report 2024. Chin J Antituberc, 2025, 47(2): 137-141.
26.	張慧, 范明寬. 結核分枝桿菌感染檢測技術應用專家共識. 中國防癆雜志, 2025, 47(7): 813-829.Zhang H, Fan MK. Expert consensus on the application of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection detection technologies. Chin J Antituberc, 2025, 47(7): 813-829.
27.	Cox H, Workman L, Bateman L, et al. Oral swab specimens tested with Xpert MTB/RIF ultra assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a diagnostic accuracy study. Clin Infect Dis, 2022, 75(12): 2145-2152.
28.	Olson AM, Wood RC, Weigel KM, et al, et al. High-sensitivity detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in tongue swab samples. J Clin Microbiol, 2025, 63(2): e0114024.
29.	MacLean E, Sulis G, Denkinger CM, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of stool Xpert MTB/RIF for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol, 2019, 57(6): e02057-18.
30.	You Y, Ni YM, Shi G. Diagnostic accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev, 2024, 13(1): 317.
31.	Yang M, Dai G, Li D, et al. A cytoderm metabolic labeling TPAPy-Tre for real-time detection of vitality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. Microbiol Spectr, 2025, 13(7): e0245724.
32.	蔣文明, 錢朝霞. 結核分枝桿菌特異性干擾素-γ和白介素-2聯合檢測對肺結核的輔助診斷價值. 實用醫學雜志, 2022, 38(16): 2114-2116.Jiang WM, Qian ZX. The value of specific interferon-γ and interleukin-2 detection for tuberculosis in auxiliary diagnosis. J Prac Med, 2022, 38(16): 2114-2116.
33.	仵倩紅, 張燕, 劉鑫. 多學科持續發力終結結核病流行. 結核與肺部疾病雜志, 2024, 5(4): 279-282.Wu QH, Zhang Y, Liu X. Continuous efforts in multiple disciplines to end the tuberculosis epidemic. J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2024, 5(4): 279-282.
34.	張慧, 趙雁林, 嚴俊. 我國結核病預防控制進展與挑戰. 中國預防醫學雜志, 2025, 26(1): 1-7.Zhang H, Zhao YL, Yan J. Progress and challenges in tuberculosis prevention and control in China. Chin Prev Med, 2025, 26(1): 1-7.

1. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2024. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2024.
2. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2023. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2023.
3. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2022.
4. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2021. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021.
5. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020.
6. 舒薇, 劉宇紅. 世界衛生組織《2023年全球結核病報告》解讀. 結核與肺部疾病雜志, 2024, 5(1): 15-19.Shu W, Liu YH. Interpretation of the World Health Organization global tuberculosis report 2023. J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2024, 5(1): 15-19.
7. 李媛媛, 謝晶晶, 李樹濤, 等. 2024年WHO全球結核病報告: 全球與中國關鍵數據分析. 新發傳染病電子雜志, 2024, 9(6): 92-98.Li YY, Xie JJ, Li ST, et al. 2024 WHO tuberculosis report: key data analysis for China and the global world. Electron J Emerg Infect Dis, 2024, 9(6): 92-98.
8. 胡鑫洋, 高靜韜. 世界衛生組織《2024年全球結核病報告》解讀. 結核與肺部疾病雜志, 2024, 5(6): 500-504.Hu XY, Gao JT. Interpretation of the World Health Organization global tuberculosis report 2024. J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2024, 5(6): 500-504.
9. 舒薇, 劉宇紅. 篤志創新躬行致遠: 世界衛生組織《2023年全球結核病報告》結核病科學研究章節解讀. 中國防癆雜志, 2024, 46(6): 613-617.Shu W, Liu YH. Dedicating to innovation, practicing to achieve targets: interpretation of research & innovation part of the WHO global tuberculosis report 2023. Chin J Antituberc, 2024, 46(6): 613-617.
10. 任坦坦, 陸普選, 鄧國防, 等. 2020 WHO全球結核報告: 全球與中國關鍵數據分析. 新發傳染病電子雜志, 2020, 5(4): 280-284.Ren TT, Lu PX, Deng GF, et al. 2020 WHO tuberculosis report: key data for China and the whole world. Electron J Emerg Infect Dis, 2020, 5(4): 280-284.
11. 高靜韜, 劉宇紅. 2021年世界衛生組織全球結核病報告要點解讀. 河北醫科大學學報, 2022, 43(7): 745-749.Gao JT, Liu YH. Interpretation of key points from the 2021 World Health Organization global tuberculosis report. J Hebei Med Univ, 2022, 43(7): 745-749.
12. 舒薇, 孫玙賢, 張立杰, 等. 結核病的研究與創新—2021年世界衛生組織全球結核病報告解讀. 中國防癆雜志, 2022, 44(1): 45-48.Shu W, Sun YX, Zhang LJ, et al. Tuberculosis research and innovation: interpretation of the World Health Organization global tuberculosis report 2021. Chin J Antituberc, 2022, 44(1): 45-48.
13. 高靜韜, 劉宇紅. 2020年世界衛生組織全球結核病報告要點解讀. 河北醫科大學學報, 2021, 42(1): 1-6.Gao JT, Liu YH. Interpretation of key points from the 2020 World Health Organization global tuberculosis report. J Hebei Med Univ, 2021, 42(1): 1-6.
14. 盧春容, 譚衛國, 陸普選, 等. 2023年WHO全球結核病報告: 全球與中國關鍵數據分析. 新發傳染病電子雜志, 2023, 8(6): 73-78.Lu CR, Tan WG, Lu PX, et al. 2023 WHO tuberculosis report: key data analysis for China and the global world. Electron J Emerg Infect Dis, 2023, 8(6): 73-78.
15. 舒薇, 劉宇紅. 精進臻善惟實勵新: 世界衛生組織《2022年全球結核病報告》解讀. 中國防癆雜志, 2023, 45(5): 454-457.Shu W, Liu YH. Strive for excellence with an emphasis on fundamentals and innovations: interpretation of the WHO global tuberculosis report 2022. Chin J Antituberc, 2023, 45(5): 454-457.
16. 譚雋怡, 向明確, 李天駒, 等. 營養因素與結核病患者預后相關研究進展. 中國感染與化療雜志, 2024, 24(3): 366-370.Tan JY, Xiang MQ, Li TJ, et al. Research updates on the effects of nutritional factors on outcomes of tuberculosis patients. Chin J Infect Chemother, 2024, 24(3): 366-370.
17. 宋敏, 陸普選, 方偉軍, 等. 2022年WHO全球結核病報告: 全球與中國關鍵數據分析. 新發傳染病電子雜志, 2023, 8(1): 87-92.Song M, Lu PX, Fang WJ, et al. The global tuberculosis report 2022: key data analysis for China and the global world. Electron J Emerg Infect Dis, 2023, 8(1): 87-92.
18. 盧春容, 房宏霞, 陸普選, 等. WHO 2021年全球結核病報告: 全球與中國關鍵數據分析. 新發傳染病電子雜志, 2021, 6(4): 368-372.Lu CR, Fang HX, Lu PX, et al. 2021 WHO tuberculosis report: key data analysis for China and the global world. Electron J Emerg Infect Dis, 2021, 6(4): 368-372.
19. 梁晨, 于佳佳, 唐神結. 世界衛生組織《全球結核病報告2022》解讀. 診斷學理論與實踐, 2023, 22(1): 21-30.Liang C, Yu JJ, Tang SJ. Interpretation of the global tuberculosis report 2022 by World Health Organization. J Diagn Concepts Pract, 2023, 22(1): 21-30.
20. 國家疾病預防控制局, 中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會, 中華人民共和國國家發展和改革委員會, 等. 全國結核病防治規劃 (2024—2030年). 新發傳染病電子雜志, 2025, 10(1): 94-96.National Disease Control and Prevention Administration, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Development and Reform Commission, et al. National tuberculosis prevention and control plan (2024-2030). Electron J Emerg Infect Dis, 2025, 10(1): 94-96.
21. 陳偉, 李雪, 劉小秋, 等. 《全國結核病防治規劃(2024—2030年)》解讀. 中國防癆雜志, 2025, 47(2): 130-136.Chen W, Li X, Liu XQ, et al. Interpretation and explanation about the National Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Plan (2024-2030). Chin J Antituberc, 2025, 47(2): 130-136.
22. 李仁忠, 阮云洲, 徐彩紅, 等. 世界衛生組織利福平耐藥結核病患者數估算方法. 中國防癆雜志, 2023, 45(3): 328.Li RZ, Ruan YZ, Xu CH, et al. World Health Organization estimation method for the number of patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Chin J Antituberc, 2023, 45(3): 328.
23. World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment and care. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2025.
24. 初乃惠, 聶文娟. 耐藥結核病全口服短程治療專家共識. 中國防癆雜志, 2025, 47(7): 830-839.Chu NH, Nie WJ. Expert consensus on total oral short-course therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Chin J Antituberc, 2025, 47(7): 830-839.
25. 舒薇, 劉宇紅. 矢志革新履踐致遠: 《2024年全球結核病報告》結核病科學研究章節解讀. 中國防癆雜志, 2025, 47(2): 137-141.Shu W, Liu YH. Committed to innovation and striving for long-term progress: interpretation of research and innovation chapter in the global tuberculosis report 2024. Chin J Antituberc, 2025, 47(2): 137-141.
26. 張慧, 范明寬. 結核分枝桿菌感染檢測技術應用專家共識. 中國防癆雜志, 2025, 47(7): 813-829.Zhang H, Fan MK. Expert consensus on the application of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection detection technologies. Chin J Antituberc, 2025, 47(7): 813-829.
27. Cox H, Workman L, Bateman L, et al. Oral swab specimens tested with Xpert MTB/RIF ultra assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a diagnostic accuracy study. Clin Infect Dis, 2022, 75(12): 2145-2152.
28. Olson AM, Wood RC, Weigel KM, et al, et al. High-sensitivity detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in tongue swab samples. J Clin Microbiol, 2025, 63(2): e0114024.
29. MacLean E, Sulis G, Denkinger CM, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of stool Xpert MTB/RIF for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol, 2019, 57(6): e02057-18.
30. You Y, Ni YM, Shi G. Diagnostic accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev, 2024, 13(1): 317.
31. Yang M, Dai G, Li D, et al. A cytoderm metabolic labeling TPAPy-Tre for real-time detection of vitality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. Microbiol Spectr, 2025, 13(7): e0245724.
32. 蔣文明, 錢朝霞. 結核分枝桿菌特異性干擾素-γ和白介素-2聯合檢測對肺結核的輔助診斷價值. 實用醫學雜志, 2022, 38(16): 2114-2116.Jiang WM, Qian ZX. The value of specific interferon-γ and interleukin-2 detection for tuberculosis in auxiliary diagnosis. J Prac Med, 2022, 38(16): 2114-2116.
33. 仵倩紅, 張燕, 劉鑫. 多學科持續發力終結結核病流行. 結核與肺部疾病雜志, 2024, 5(4): 279-282.Wu QH, Zhang Y, Liu X. Continuous efforts in multiple disciplines to end the tuberculosis epidemic. J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2024, 5(4): 279-282.
34. 張慧, 趙雁林, 嚴俊. 我國結核病預防控制進展與挑戰. 中國預防醫學雜志, 2025, 26(1): 1-7.Zhang H, Zhao YL, Yan J. Progress and challenges in tuberculosis prevention and control in China. Chin Prev Med, 2025, 26(1): 1-7.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Interpretation of WHO report 2020-2024: Global tuberculosis report and analysis of key data for China

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