Tropism of drug targeting lymph nodes and drug concentration after regional injection of paclitaxel-nano carbon in patients with esophageal cancer: A prospective non-randomized controlled study_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

CAI Jie ¹ , LIU Xin ² , WANG Wenping ¹ , HU Weipeng ¹ , YANG Yushang ¹ , ZHANG Li ² ,  CHEN Longqi ¹

1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R.China;
2. Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, P.R.China;

Corresponding?author：

CHEN Longqi, Email: drchenlq@gmail.com

Keywords：

Esophageal cancer; lymphatic chemotherapy; paclitaxel; drug concentration

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201712044

Video：

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Objective To compare the distribution of drug concentration in lymph nodes and blood between lymphatic chemotherapy and single drug chemotherapy and to study if nano carbon can enhance the number of lymph node dissection. Methods From June 2015 to February 2016, 80 patients with esophageal cancer in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital were enrolled and they were divided into two groups: a lymphatic chemotherapy with paclitaxel (LCP) group and a paclitaxel alone (PTX) group. There were 35 males and 5 females with an average age of 60.63±8.78 years in the LCP group, and 30 males and 10 females with an average age of 62.13±7.89 years in the the PTX group. We observed the incidence rate of complications after operation, the number of lymph node dissection and the rate of lymph node metastasis. The drug concentration in the blood and lymph nodes between the two groups was compared. Results The postoperative morbidity did not increase in the both groups, which did not have adverse drug reactions such as bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal reaction and so on. The concentration of chemotherapy drug in lymph nodes in the LCP group was higher than that in the PTX group. The LCP group collected 771 lymph nodes, and the average number was 19.27±7.77 for each patient; the PTX group collected 658 lymph nodes, and the average number was 16.45±7.12 for each patient; but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Nano carbon carriers can effectively improve the drug concentration in lymph nodes after the local injection of chemotherapy drugs. The use of nano carbon tracer in the operation to improve lymph node dissection may not have significance.

Citation： CAI Jie, LIU Xin, WANG Wenping, HU Weipeng, YANG Yushang, ZHANG Li, CHEN Longqi. Tropism of drug targeting lymph nodes and drug concentration after regional injection of paclitaxel-nano carbon in patients with esophageal cancer: A prospective non-randomized controlled study. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2018, 25(11): 929-934. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201712044 Copy

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2.	Blom RL, Lagarde SM, van Oudenaarde K, et al. Survival after recurrent esophageal carcinoma has not improved over the past 18 years. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(8): 2693-2698.
3.	de Manzoni G, Pedrazzani C, Pasini F, et al. Pattern of recurrence after surgery in adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2003, 29(6): 506-510.
4.	Thomson IG, Smithers BM, Gotley DC, et al. Thoracoscopic-assisted esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: analysis of patterns and prognostic factors for recurrence. Ann Surg, 2010, 252(2): 281-291.
5.	Sánchez-Pernaute A, Pérez Aguirre E, Hernando Trancho F, et al. Recurrence pattern of esophageal cancer after esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy. Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 2003, 95(3): 197-201.
6.	Li CL, Zhang FL, Wang YD, et al. Characteristics of recurrence after radical esophagectomy with two-field lymph node dissection for thoracic esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett, 2013, 5(1): 355-359.
7.	Ninomiya I, Okamoto K, Tsukada T, et al. Recurrence patterns and risk factors following thoracoscopic esophagectomy with radical lymph node dissection for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol, 2016, 4(2): 278-284.
8.	Rizk NP, Ishwaran H, Rice TW, et al. Optimum lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer. Ann Surg, 2010, 251(1): 46-50.
9.	Ma GW, Situ DR, Ma QL, et al. Three-field vs two-field lymph node dissection for esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(47): 18022-18030.
10.	孟強, 孟榮貴, 崔龍, 等. 直腸癌術前淋巴化療安全性分析. 中華消化外科雜志, 2008, 7(2): 137-139.
11.	Pérez-Herrero E, Fernández-Medarde A. Advanced targeted therapies in cancer: Drug nanocarriers, the future of chemotherapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2015, 93: 52-79.
12.	Sze MF, McKay G. An adsorption diffusion model for removal of para-chlorophenol by activated carbon derived from bituminous coal. Environ Pollut, 2010, 158(5): 1669-1674.
13.	Valberg PA, Long CM, Sax SN. Integrating studies on carcinogenic risk of carbon black: epidemiology, animal exposures, and mechanism of action. J Occup Environ Med, 2006, 48(12): 1291-1307.
14.	李偉. 納米炭吸附紫杉醇對胃癌淋巴結內腫瘤細胞凋亡、Bcl-2及P16表達的研究. 瀘州醫學院, 2010.
15.	李偉, 徐亮, 姬俊成, 等. 胃癌周圍注射不同比例紫杉醇與納米炭后引流區淋巴結藥物濃度觀察. 中國普通外科雜志, 2013, 22(12): 1646-1650.
16.	李偉, 曾曉華, 徐發良, 等. 納米炭吸附多西紫杉醇在乳腺癌區域淋巴化療中的臨床研究. 重慶醫學, 2015, 44(7): 907-909.
17.	鄭希, 袁勇, 胡楊, 等. 食管癌術中淋巴結化療的臨床研究. 中華腫瘤防治雜志, 2017, 24(5): 307-311.
18.	程科, 莊競, 李保東, 等. 納米碳淋巴示蹤劑在腹腔鏡輔助下進展期胃癌根治術中的應用及評價. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2016, 23(12): 1460-1463.
19.	段緒偉, 李真龍, 許堅. 納米碳示蹤劑在甲狀腺癌根治術中的應用. 中國普通外科雜志, 2015, 24(5): 638-642.
20.	葛現才, 張勤, 徐憲輝, 等. 納米碳示蹤技術在結腸癌根治術淋巴結清掃中應用價值研究. 中國實用外科雜志, 2016, 36(8): 904-906.
21.	劉珊, 蔣永新, 陳蕓, 等. 納米碳示蹤非小細胞肺癌淋巴結清除臨床應用研究. 中華腫瘤防治雜志, 2015, 22(17): 1393-1396.
22.	楊志芳, 岳瑞雪, 朱智, 等. 納米碳在cN0期甲狀腺乳頭狀癌中央區淋巴結清掃手術中的應用. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2013, 20(9): 976-980.
23.	Kelsen DP, Ginsberg R, Pajak TF, et al. Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer. N Engl J Med, 1998, 339(27): 1979-1984.
24.	Guo F, Mao X, Wang J, et al. Gemcitabine adsorbed onto carbon particles increases drug concentrations at the injection site and in the regional lymph nodes in an animal experiment and a clinical study. J Int Med Res, 2011, 39(6): 2217-2227.
25.	Yang Q, Wang XD, Chen J, et al. A clinical study on regional lymphatic chemotherapy using an activated carbon nanoparticle-epirubicin in patients with breast cancer. Tumour Biol, 2012, 33(6): 2341-2348.
26.	Wang J, Yu JC, Kang WM, et al. Prognostic significance of intraoperative chemotherapy and extensive lymphadenectomy in patients with node-negative gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol, 2012, 105(4): 400-404.
27.	侯俊民. 紫杉醇對人食管癌細胞作用的體外實驗研究. 南京醫科大學, 2001.
28.	何麗. 多烯紫杉醇對人食管癌細胞的放射增敏作用及其機制的實驗研究. 河北醫科大學, 2012.
29.	王衛強. 紫杉醇脂質體對人食管鱗癌細胞系體外抗瘤作用的研究. 河北醫科大學, 2013.
30.	彭瑋丹, 張杰, 曹云新, 等. 紫杉醇誘導食管癌細胞的細胞周期阻斷與細胞凋亡. 中國藥理學通報, 1998, 14(5): 402-406.
31.	孟強, 李會晨, 崔龍, 等. 消化道惡性腫瘤淋巴化療的現狀. 中國實用外科雜志, 2006, 26(2): 145-147.
32.	顧蔚, 王天翔. 胃癌納米炭載體淋巴化療的研究現狀及前景. 外科理論與實踐, 2007, 12(4): 398-400.
33.	張李, 王曉娜, 丁學偉, 等. 納米炭吸附絲裂霉素C腹腔化療的實驗研究. 中華腫瘤防治雜志, 2008, 15(7): 503-506.
34.	Natsugoe S, Aikou T, Shimada M, et al. Loco-regional treatment for esophageal cancer with bleomycin adsorbed to activated carbon particles. Anticancer Res, 1993, 13(5C): 1785-1787.
35.	Ortner MA, Taha AA, Schreiber S, et al. Endoscopic injection of mitomycin adsorbed on carbon particles for advanced esophageal cancer: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2004, 36(5): 421-425.
36.	許天文, 林建清, 郭啟祥, 等. 順鉑納米炭示蹤劑在食管癌手術中的應用. 中華實驗外科雜志, 2015, 32(12): 3209-3210.

1. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin, 2015, 65(2): 87-108.
2. Blom RL, Lagarde SM, van Oudenaarde K, et al. Survival after recurrent esophageal carcinoma has not improved over the past 18 years. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(8): 2693-2698.
3. de Manzoni G, Pedrazzani C, Pasini F, et al. Pattern of recurrence after surgery in adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2003, 29(6): 506-510.
4. Thomson IG, Smithers BM, Gotley DC, et al. Thoracoscopic-assisted esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: analysis of patterns and prognostic factors for recurrence. Ann Surg, 2010, 252(2): 281-291.
5. Sánchez-Pernaute A, Pérez Aguirre E, Hernando Trancho F, et al. Recurrence pattern of esophageal cancer after esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy. Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 2003, 95(3): 197-201.
6. Li CL, Zhang FL, Wang YD, et al. Characteristics of recurrence after radical esophagectomy with two-field lymph node dissection for thoracic esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett, 2013, 5(1): 355-359.
7. Ninomiya I, Okamoto K, Tsukada T, et al. Recurrence patterns and risk factors following thoracoscopic esophagectomy with radical lymph node dissection for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol, 2016, 4(2): 278-284.
8. Rizk NP, Ishwaran H, Rice TW, et al. Optimum lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer. Ann Surg, 2010, 251(1): 46-50.
9. Ma GW, Situ DR, Ma QL, et al. Three-field vs two-field lymph node dissection for esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(47): 18022-18030.
10. 孟強, 孟榮貴, 崔龍, 等. 直腸癌術前淋巴化療安全性分析. 中華消化外科雜志, 2008, 7(2): 137-139.
11. Pérez-Herrero E, Fernández-Medarde A. Advanced targeted therapies in cancer: Drug nanocarriers, the future of chemotherapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2015, 93: 52-79.
12. Sze MF, McKay G. An adsorption diffusion model for removal of para-chlorophenol by activated carbon derived from bituminous coal. Environ Pollut, 2010, 158(5): 1669-1674.
13. Valberg PA, Long CM, Sax SN. Integrating studies on carcinogenic risk of carbon black: epidemiology, animal exposures, and mechanism of action. J Occup Environ Med, 2006, 48(12): 1291-1307.
14. 李偉. 納米炭吸附紫杉醇對胃癌淋巴結內腫瘤細胞凋亡、Bcl-2及P16表達的研究. 瀘州醫學院, 2010.
15. 李偉, 徐亮, 姬俊成, 等. 胃癌周圍注射不同比例紫杉醇與納米炭后引流區淋巴結藥物濃度觀察. 中國普通外科雜志, 2013, 22(12): 1646-1650.
16. 李偉, 曾曉華, 徐發良, 等. 納米炭吸附多西紫杉醇在乳腺癌區域淋巴化療中的臨床研究. 重慶醫學, 2015, 44(7): 907-909.
17. 鄭希, 袁勇, 胡楊, 等. 食管癌術中淋巴結化療的臨床研究. 中華腫瘤防治雜志, 2017, 24(5): 307-311.
18. 程科, 莊競, 李保東, 等. 納米碳淋巴示蹤劑在腹腔鏡輔助下進展期胃癌根治術中的應用及評價. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2016, 23(12): 1460-1463.
19. 段緒偉, 李真龍, 許堅. 納米碳示蹤劑在甲狀腺癌根治術中的應用. 中國普通外科雜志, 2015, 24(5): 638-642.
20. 葛現才, 張勤, 徐憲輝, 等. 納米碳示蹤技術在結腸癌根治術淋巴結清掃中應用價值研究. 中國實用外科雜志, 2016, 36(8): 904-906.
21. 劉珊, 蔣永新, 陳蕓, 等. 納米碳示蹤非小細胞肺癌淋巴結清除臨床應用研究. 中華腫瘤防治雜志, 2015, 22(17): 1393-1396.
22. 楊志芳, 岳瑞雪, 朱智, 等. 納米碳在cN0期甲狀腺乳頭狀癌中央區淋巴結清掃手術中的應用. 中國普外基礎與臨床雜志, 2013, 20(9): 976-980.
23. Kelsen DP, Ginsberg R, Pajak TF, et al. Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer. N Engl J Med, 1998, 339(27): 1979-1984.
24. Guo F, Mao X, Wang J, et al. Gemcitabine adsorbed onto carbon particles increases drug concentrations at the injection site and in the regional lymph nodes in an animal experiment and a clinical study. J Int Med Res, 2011, 39(6): 2217-2227.
25. Yang Q, Wang XD, Chen J, et al. A clinical study on regional lymphatic chemotherapy using an activated carbon nanoparticle-epirubicin in patients with breast cancer. Tumour Biol, 2012, 33(6): 2341-2348.
26. Wang J, Yu JC, Kang WM, et al. Prognostic significance of intraoperative chemotherapy and extensive lymphadenectomy in patients with node-negative gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol, 2012, 105(4): 400-404.
27. 侯俊民. 紫杉醇對人食管癌細胞作用的體外實驗研究. 南京醫科大學, 2001.
28. 何麗. 多烯紫杉醇對人食管癌細胞的放射增敏作用及其機制的實驗研究. 河北醫科大學, 2012.
29. 王衛強. 紫杉醇脂質體對人食管鱗癌細胞系體外抗瘤作用的研究. 河北醫科大學, 2013.
30. 彭瑋丹, 張杰, 曹云新, 等. 紫杉醇誘導食管癌細胞的細胞周期阻斷與細胞凋亡. 中國藥理學通報, 1998, 14(5): 402-406.
31. 孟強, 李會晨, 崔龍, 等. 消化道惡性腫瘤淋巴化療的現狀. 中國實用外科雜志, 2006, 26(2): 145-147.
32. 顧蔚, 王天翔. 胃癌納米炭載體淋巴化療的研究現狀及前景. 外科理論與實踐, 2007, 12(4): 398-400.
33. 張李, 王曉娜, 丁學偉, 等. 納米炭吸附絲裂霉素C腹腔化療的實驗研究. 中華腫瘤防治雜志, 2008, 15(7): 503-506.
34. Natsugoe S, Aikou T, Shimada M, et al. Loco-regional treatment for esophageal cancer with bleomycin adsorbed to activated carbon particles. Anticancer Res, 1993, 13(5C): 1785-1787.
35. Ortner MA, Taha AA, Schreiber S, et al. Endoscopic injection of mitomycin adsorbed on carbon particles for advanced esophageal cancer: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2004, 36(5): 421-425.
36. 許天文, 林建清, 郭啟祥, 等. 順鉑納米炭示蹤劑在食管癌手術中的應用. 中華實驗外科雜志, 2015, 32(12): 3209-3210.

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Tropism of drug targeting lymph nodes and drug concentration after regional injection of paclitaxel-nano carbon in patients with esophageal cancer: A prospective non-randomized controlled study

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