- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000 Sichuan, P. R. China;
LAIYing-long,
Email: laiyinglong2000@163.com
Congestive pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one of the most common complications of left to right shunt congenital heart disease. With the pulmonary artery pressure increasing, the shunt direction will reverse, eventually develop into Eisenmenger syndrome, and affect the patients' life. Studies in recent years have found that angiotensin -(1-7) and brain natriuretic peptide can adversely affect renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), stromal cell derived factor can delay the pulmonary vascular remodeling, von Willebrand factor marks the pulmonary vascular endothelial function impaired, microRNA causes damage and homocysteine play a protective role in pulmonary vascular endothelial function. The RAAS activation, pulmonary vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction are related to the formation and development of PAH. We produced a comprehensive literature review about serological indexes in congestive PAH in this review.
Citation： TAN He-yi, LAI Ying-long. Research Progress of Serological Indexes of Congestive Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2016, 23(10): 1019-1025. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.20160241 Copy
Copyright ? the editorial department of Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of West China Medical Publisher. All rights reserved
| 1. | Duffels MG, Engelfriet PM, Berger RM, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital heart disease: an epidemiologic perspective from a Dutch registry. Int J Cardiol, 2007, 120(2): 198-204. |
| 2. | Diller GP, Gatzoulis MA. Pulmonary vascular disease in adults with congenital heart disease.Circulation, 2007, 115(8): 1039-1050. |
| 3. | 陳偉丹. microRNA與肺血增多型肺動脈高壓的相關性研究. 北京協和醫學院, 2011. |
| 4. | 張清友,杜軍保. 肺動脈高壓的治療現狀與進展.臨床兒科雜志,2010, 28(7): 607-610. |
| 5. | 李敏, 陳穎敏. 血管緊張素(1-7)對心血管保護作用的研究進展. 心血管病學進展, 2013, 34(1): 100-103. |
| 6. | Maron BA, Leopold JA. The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2013 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ, 2014, 4(2): 200-210. |
| 7. | 曾武濤, 馬虹, 魯偉, 等. 血管緊張素-(1-7)在血管緊張素Ⅱ誘導心肌細胞肥大中的作用. 中華心血管病雜志, 2000, 28(6): 460-463. |
| 8. | 何建桂, 黃藝儀, 馬虹, 等. 血管緊張素-(1-7)對心肌肥厚的影響及其與細胞外信號調節激酶的關系. 中國病理生理雜志, 2005, 21(9): 1713-1716. |
| 9. | Dai H, Gong Y, Xiao Z, et al. Decreased levels of serum angiotension(1-7) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension due to congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol, 2014, 176(3): 1399-1401. |
| 10. | 吳思婧, 郭雯, 陳夢娜, 等. 血管緊張素1-7預防肺動脈高壓右心衰竭發展的實驗研究. 心肺血管病雜志, 2015, 34(8): 652-656. |
| 11. | 張春玲, 康金鎖, 陳曦. 等. 心血管病患者血漿N端B型腦鈉肽水平變化及其臨床意義. 中華檢驗醫學雜志, 2006, 29(3): 3l-34. |
| 12. | Hammerer-Lercher A, Neubauer E, Muller S, et al. Head-to-head comparision of N-termiual pro-brain natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide and N-termiual pro-brain natriuretic peptide in diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction. Clin Chim Acta, 2001, 310(2): 193-197. |
| 13. | Nagaya N, Nishikimi T, Okano Y, et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels increase in proportion to extent of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertensjon. J Am Coil Cardiol, 1998, 31(1): 202-208. |
| 14. | 張紅梅, 柳茵. 肺動脈高壓與腦鈉肽相關性的探討. 醫學信息, 2011, 31(6):2307-2308. |
| 15. | Li ZF, Zhou DX, Wang QB, et al. Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels are positively correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure in atrial septal defect patients. Regul Pept, 2013, 183C:13-16. |
| 16. | 高藝花, I-Seok Kang. 成人先天性心臟病伴肺動脈高壓患者超聲心動圖右心室功能指標和血漿N端腦鈉肽前體的相關性研究. 中國現代醫學雜志, 2015, 25(1): 74-77. |
| 17. | Takatsuki S, Wagner BD, Ivy DD. B-type natriuretic peptide and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Congenit Heart Dis, 2012, 7(3): 259-267. |
| 18. | Pfister R, Schneider CA. Natriuretic peptides bnp and nt-pro-bnp: Established laboratory markers in clinical practice or just perspectives? Clin Chim Acta, 2004, 349(1): 25-38. |
| 19. | Silver MA, Maisel A, Yancy CW, et al. Bnp consensus panel 2004: A clinical approach for the diagnostic, prognostic, screening, treatment monitoring, and therapeutic roles of natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases. Congest Heart Fail, 2004, 10(5 Suppl 3): 1-30. |
| 20. | Bernus A, Wagner BD, Accurso F, et al. Brain natriuretic peptide levels in managing pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest, 2009, 135(3):745-751. |
| 21. | van Loon RL, Roofthooft MT, Delhaas T, et al. Outcome of pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the era of new medical therapies. Am J Cardiol, 2010, 106(1): 117-124. |
| 22. | Lopes AA, Maeda NY, Goncalves RC, et al. Endothelial cell dysfunction correlates differentially with survival in primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension. Am Heart J, 2000, 139(4): 618-623. |
| 23. | Morange PE, Simon C, Alessi MC, et al. Endothelial cell markers and the risk of coronary heart disease: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) study. Circulation, 2004, 109(11): 1343-1348. |
| 24. | Lopes AA, Barreto AC, Maeda NY, et al. Plasma von Willebrand factor as a predictor of survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. Braz J Med Biol Res, 2011, 44(12): 1269-1275. |
| 25. | Uchiyama T, Kurabayashi M, Ohyama Y, et al. Hypoxia induces transcription of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene through genistein-sensitive tyrosine kinase pathways in vascular endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2000, 20(4): 1155-1161. |
| 26. | Kawut SM, Horn EM, Berekashvili KK, et al. von Willebrand factor independently predicts long-term survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest, 2005, 128(4): 2355-2362. |
| 27. | 周文斌 陳紹軍. 血栓調節蛋白和血管性血友病因子與先天性心臟病肺動脈高壓關系的研究. 中華兒科雜志, 2000, 38(8): 506-507. |
| 28. | Spiel AO, Gilbert JC, Jilma B. von Willebrand factor in cardiovascular disease: focus on acute coronary syndromes. Circulation, 2008, 117(11): 1449-1459. |
| 29. | Diller GP, van Eijl S, Okonko DO, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation, 2008, 117(23): 3020-3030. |
| 30. | Rabinovitch M, Andrew M, Thom H, et al. Abnormal endothelial factor VIII associated with pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart defects. Circulation, 1987, 76(5): 1043-1052. |
| 31. | Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105(30):10513-10518. |
| 32. | Ruzinova MB, Benezra R. Id proteins in development, cell cycle and cancer. Trends Cell Biol, 2003, 13(8): 410-418. |
| 33. | Caruso P, MacLean MR, Khanin R, et al. Dynamic changes in lung microRNA profiles during the development of pulmonary hypertension due to chronic hypoxia and monocrotaline. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol, 2010, 30(4): 716-723. |
| 34. | Chen Y, Gorski DH. Regulation of angiogenesis through a microRNA(miR-130a) that down-regulates antiangiogenic homeobox genes GAX and HOXA5. Blood, 2008, 111(3): 1217-1226. |
| 35. | Kuehbacher A, Urbich C, Zeiher AM, et al. Role of Dicer and Drosha for endothelial microRNA expression and angiogenesis. Circ Res, 2007, 101(1): 59-68. |
| 36. | 張玲玉, 葉鵬. 微小RNA-204在人肺動脈高壓中的作用. 中華高血壓雜志, 2011, 19(7): 682. |
| 37. | 吳志誠, 謝春發, 張自翔. miR-27b在先天性心臟病合并肺動脈高壓中的表達及意義. 廣東醫學, 2013, 34(6): 910-911. |
| 38. | Courboulin A, Paulin R, Giguere NJ, et al. Role for miR-204 in human pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Exp Med, 2011, 208(3): 535-548. |
| 39. | Lujambio A, Ropero S. A microRNA DMA methylation signature for human cancer metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105(36): 13556-13561. |
| 40. | Collaboration HS. Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke: a meta-analysis. JAMA, 2002, 288(16): 2015-2022. |
| 41. | Rosenquist TH, Ratashak SA, Selhub J. Homocysteine induces congenital defects of the heart and neural tube: effect of folic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93(26): 15227-15232. |
| 42. | Botto LD, Mulinare J, Erickson JD. Do multivitamin or folic acid supplements reduce the risk for congenital heart defects? Evidence and gaps. Am J Med Genet A, 2003, 121(2): 95-101. |
| 43. | Wang XB, Huang XM, Ochs T, et al. Effect of sulfur dioxide preconditioning on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injuiy by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Basic Res Cardiol, 2011, 106(5): 865-878. |
| 44. | Sun Y, Tian Y, Prabha M, et al. Effects of sulfur dioxide on hypoxic pulmonary vascular structural remodeling. Lab Invest, 2010, 90(1): 68-82. |
| 45. | Galdieri LC, Arrieta SR, Silva C, et al. Homocysteine concentrations and molecular analysis in patients with congenital heart defects. Arch Med Res, 2007, 38(2): 212-218. |
| 46. | 董彥博, 李紅英, 李軍朋, 等. 高同型半胱氨酸血癥與先天性心臟病并肺動脈高壓的關系. 中華實用兒科臨床雜志, 2015, 30(10): 784-785. |
| 47. | Hassoun PM, Adnot S. Update in pulmonary vascular diseases 2011. Am J Respir Care Med, 2012, 185(11): 1177-1182. |
| 48. | Luo L, Liu D, Tang C, et al. Sulfur dioxide upregulates the inhibited endogenous hydrogen sulfide pathway in rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood fIow. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013, 433: 519-525. |
| 49. | Yu L, Cecil J, Peng SB, et al. Identification and expression of novel isoforms of human stromal cell-derived factor1. Gene, 2006, 374(2): 174-179. |
| 50. | Saxena A, Fish JE, White MD, et al. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha is cardioprotective after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 117(17): 2224-2231. |
| 51. | 賀繼剛, 陳智豫. 先天性心臟病合并肺動脈高壓發病機制、分類及治療的研究進展. 云南醫藥, 2008, 29 (6): 592-595. |
| 52. | Simonneau G, Gatzoulis MA, Adatia I, et al. Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2013, 62(25 Suppl): 34-41. |
| 53. | Hopkins N, McLoughlin P. The structural basis of pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease: remodelling, rarefaction or angiogenesis? J Anat, 2002, 201(4): 335-348. |
| 54. | Sundararaman S, Miller TJ, Pastore JM. Plasmid-based transient human stromal cell-derived factor-1 gene transfer improves cardiac function in chronic heart failure. Gene Ther, 2011, 18(9): 867-873. |
| 55. | 查克嵐, 羅程, 李家富. SDF-1/CXCR4與動脈粥樣硬化的研究進展. 瀘州醫學院學報, 2013, 36(3): 300-303. |
| 56. | 張文宗, 張守彥, 何燕. 血漿 SDF-1A、TGF-B1水平與不同類型冠心病患者和冠狀動脈狹窄程度的相關性. 心臟雜志, 2009, 21(2): 220-223. |
| 57. | Costello CM, Howell K, Cahill E, et al. Lung-selective gene responses to alveolar hypoxia: potential role for the bone morphogenetic antagonist gremlin in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2008, 295(2): L272-L284. |
| 58. | Costello CM, McCullagh B, Howell K, et al. A role for the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR7, in the pathogenesis of human pulmonary vascular disease. Eur Respir J, 2012, 39(6): 1415-1424. |
| 59. | McCullagh BN, Costello CM, Li Li, et al. Elevated plasma CXCL12α is associated with a poorer prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One, 2015, 10(4): e0123709. |
- 1. Duffels MG, Engelfriet PM, Berger RM, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital heart disease: an epidemiologic perspective from a Dutch registry. Int J Cardiol, 2007, 120(2): 198-204.
- 2. Diller GP, Gatzoulis MA. Pulmonary vascular disease in adults with congenital heart disease.Circulation, 2007, 115(8): 1039-1050.
- 3. 陳偉丹. microRNA與肺血增多型肺動脈高壓的相關性研究. 北京協和醫學院, 2011.
- 4. 張清友,杜軍保. 肺動脈高壓的治療現狀與進展.臨床兒科雜志,2010, 28(7): 607-610.
- 5. 李敏, 陳穎敏. 血管緊張素(1-7)對心血管保護作用的研究進展. 心血管病學進展, 2013, 34(1): 100-103.
- 6. Maron BA, Leopold JA. The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2013 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ, 2014, 4(2): 200-210.
- 7. 曾武濤, 馬虹, 魯偉, 等. 血管緊張素-(1-7)在血管緊張素Ⅱ誘導心肌細胞肥大中的作用. 中華心血管病雜志, 2000, 28(6): 460-463.
- 8. 何建桂, 黃藝儀, 馬虹, 等. 血管緊張素-(1-7)對心肌肥厚的影響及其與細胞外信號調節激酶的關系. 中國病理生理雜志, 2005, 21(9): 1713-1716.
- 9. Dai H, Gong Y, Xiao Z, et al. Decreased levels of serum angiotension(1-7) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension due to congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol, 2014, 176(3): 1399-1401.
- 10. 吳思婧, 郭雯, 陳夢娜, 等. 血管緊張素1-7預防肺動脈高壓右心衰竭發展的實驗研究. 心肺血管病雜志, 2015, 34(8): 652-656.
- 11. 張春玲, 康金鎖, 陳曦. 等. 心血管病患者血漿N端B型腦鈉肽水平變化及其臨床意義. 中華檢驗醫學雜志, 2006, 29(3): 3l-34.
- 12. Hammerer-Lercher A, Neubauer E, Muller S, et al. Head-to-head comparision of N-termiual pro-brain natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide and N-termiual pro-brain natriuretic peptide in diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction. Clin Chim Acta, 2001, 310(2): 193-197.
- 13. Nagaya N, Nishikimi T, Okano Y, et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels increase in proportion to extent of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertensjon. J Am Coil Cardiol, 1998, 31(1): 202-208.
- 14. 張紅梅, 柳茵. 肺動脈高壓與腦鈉肽相關性的探討. 醫學信息, 2011, 31(6):2307-2308.
- 15. Li ZF, Zhou DX, Wang QB, et al. Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels are positively correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure in atrial septal defect patients. Regul Pept, 2013, 183C:13-16.
- 16. 高藝花, I-Seok Kang. 成人先天性心臟病伴肺動脈高壓患者超聲心動圖右心室功能指標和血漿N端腦鈉肽前體的相關性研究. 中國現代醫學雜志, 2015, 25(1): 74-77.
- 17. Takatsuki S, Wagner BD, Ivy DD. B-type natriuretic peptide and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Congenit Heart Dis, 2012, 7(3): 259-267.
- 18. Pfister R, Schneider CA. Natriuretic peptides bnp and nt-pro-bnp: Established laboratory markers in clinical practice or just perspectives? Clin Chim Acta, 2004, 349(1): 25-38.
- 19. Silver MA, Maisel A, Yancy CW, et al. Bnp consensus panel 2004: A clinical approach for the diagnostic, prognostic, screening, treatment monitoring, and therapeutic roles of natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases. Congest Heart Fail, 2004, 10(5 Suppl 3): 1-30.
- 20. Bernus A, Wagner BD, Accurso F, et al. Brain natriuretic peptide levels in managing pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest, 2009, 135(3):745-751.
- 21. van Loon RL, Roofthooft MT, Delhaas T, et al. Outcome of pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the era of new medical therapies. Am J Cardiol, 2010, 106(1): 117-124.
- 22. Lopes AA, Maeda NY, Goncalves RC, et al. Endothelial cell dysfunction correlates differentially with survival in primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension. Am Heart J, 2000, 139(4): 618-623.
- 23. Morange PE, Simon C, Alessi MC, et al. Endothelial cell markers and the risk of coronary heart disease: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) study. Circulation, 2004, 109(11): 1343-1348.
- 24. Lopes AA, Barreto AC, Maeda NY, et al. Plasma von Willebrand factor as a predictor of survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. Braz J Med Biol Res, 2011, 44(12): 1269-1275.
- 25. Uchiyama T, Kurabayashi M, Ohyama Y, et al. Hypoxia induces transcription of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene through genistein-sensitive tyrosine kinase pathways in vascular endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2000, 20(4): 1155-1161.
- 26. Kawut SM, Horn EM, Berekashvili KK, et al. von Willebrand factor independently predicts long-term survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest, 2005, 128(4): 2355-2362.
- 27. 周文斌 陳紹軍. 血栓調節蛋白和血管性血友病因子與先天性心臟病肺動脈高壓關系的研究. 中華兒科雜志, 2000, 38(8): 506-507.
- 28. Spiel AO, Gilbert JC, Jilma B. von Willebrand factor in cardiovascular disease: focus on acute coronary syndromes. Circulation, 2008, 117(11): 1449-1459.
- 29. Diller GP, van Eijl S, Okonko DO, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation, 2008, 117(23): 3020-3030.
- 30. Rabinovitch M, Andrew M, Thom H, et al. Abnormal endothelial factor VIII associated with pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart defects. Circulation, 1987, 76(5): 1043-1052.
- 31. Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105(30):10513-10518.
- 32. Ruzinova MB, Benezra R. Id proteins in development, cell cycle and cancer. Trends Cell Biol, 2003, 13(8): 410-418.
- 33. Caruso P, MacLean MR, Khanin R, et al. Dynamic changes in lung microRNA profiles during the development of pulmonary hypertension due to chronic hypoxia and monocrotaline. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol, 2010, 30(4): 716-723.
- 34. Chen Y, Gorski DH. Regulation of angiogenesis through a microRNA(miR-130a) that down-regulates antiangiogenic homeobox genes GAX and HOXA5. Blood, 2008, 111(3): 1217-1226.
- 35. Kuehbacher A, Urbich C, Zeiher AM, et al. Role of Dicer and Drosha for endothelial microRNA expression and angiogenesis. Circ Res, 2007, 101(1): 59-68.
- 36. 張玲玉, 葉鵬. 微小RNA-204在人肺動脈高壓中的作用. 中華高血壓雜志, 2011, 19(7): 682.
- 37. 吳志誠, 謝春發, 張自翔. miR-27b在先天性心臟病合并肺動脈高壓中的表達及意義. 廣東醫學, 2013, 34(6): 910-911.
- 38. Courboulin A, Paulin R, Giguere NJ, et al. Role for miR-204 in human pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Exp Med, 2011, 208(3): 535-548.
- 39. Lujambio A, Ropero S. A microRNA DMA methylation signature for human cancer metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105(36): 13556-13561.
- 40. Collaboration HS. Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke: a meta-analysis. JAMA, 2002, 288(16): 2015-2022.
- 41. Rosenquist TH, Ratashak SA, Selhub J. Homocysteine induces congenital defects of the heart and neural tube: effect of folic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93(26): 15227-15232.
- 42. Botto LD, Mulinare J, Erickson JD. Do multivitamin or folic acid supplements reduce the risk for congenital heart defects? Evidence and gaps. Am J Med Genet A, 2003, 121(2): 95-101.
- 43. Wang XB, Huang XM, Ochs T, et al. Effect of sulfur dioxide preconditioning on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injuiy by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Basic Res Cardiol, 2011, 106(5): 865-878.
- 44. Sun Y, Tian Y, Prabha M, et al. Effects of sulfur dioxide on hypoxic pulmonary vascular structural remodeling. Lab Invest, 2010, 90(1): 68-82.
- 45. Galdieri LC, Arrieta SR, Silva C, et al. Homocysteine concentrations and molecular analysis in patients with congenital heart defects. Arch Med Res, 2007, 38(2): 212-218.
- 46. 董彥博, 李紅英, 李軍朋, 等. 高同型半胱氨酸血癥與先天性心臟病并肺動脈高壓的關系. 中華實用兒科臨床雜志, 2015, 30(10): 784-785.
- 47. Hassoun PM, Adnot S. Update in pulmonary vascular diseases 2011. Am J Respir Care Med, 2012, 185(11): 1177-1182.
- 48. Luo L, Liu D, Tang C, et al. Sulfur dioxide upregulates the inhibited endogenous hydrogen sulfide pathway in rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood fIow. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013, 433: 519-525.
- 49. Yu L, Cecil J, Peng SB, et al. Identification and expression of novel isoforms of human stromal cell-derived factor1. Gene, 2006, 374(2): 174-179.
- 50. Saxena A, Fish JE, White MD, et al. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha is cardioprotective after myocardial infarction. Circulation, 117(17): 2224-2231.
- 51. 賀繼剛, 陳智豫. 先天性心臟病合并肺動脈高壓發病機制、分類及治療的研究進展. 云南醫藥, 2008, 29 (6): 592-595.
- 52. Simonneau G, Gatzoulis MA, Adatia I, et al. Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2013, 62(25 Suppl): 34-41.
- 53. Hopkins N, McLoughlin P. The structural basis of pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease: remodelling, rarefaction or angiogenesis? J Anat, 2002, 201(4): 335-348.
- 54. Sundararaman S, Miller TJ, Pastore JM. Plasmid-based transient human stromal cell-derived factor-1 gene transfer improves cardiac function in chronic heart failure. Gene Ther, 2011, 18(9): 867-873.
- 55. 查克嵐, 羅程, 李家富. SDF-1/CXCR4與動脈粥樣硬化的研究進展. 瀘州醫學院學報, 2013, 36(3): 300-303.
- 56. 張文宗, 張守彥, 何燕. 血漿 SDF-1A、TGF-B1水平與不同類型冠心病患者和冠狀動脈狹窄程度的相關性. 心臟雜志, 2009, 21(2): 220-223.
- 57. Costello CM, Howell K, Cahill E, et al. Lung-selective gene responses to alveolar hypoxia: potential role for the bone morphogenetic antagonist gremlin in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2008, 295(2): L272-L284.
- 58. Costello CM, McCullagh B, Howell K, et al. A role for the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR7, in the pathogenesis of human pulmonary vascular disease. Eur Respir J, 2012, 39(6): 1415-1424.
- 59. McCullagh BN, Costello CM, Li Li, et al. Elevated plasma CXCL12α is associated with a poorer prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One, 2015, 10(4): e0123709.