Analysis of disease burden and changing trends of traumatic brain injury in China, 1990—2023_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

HAN Yajin ¹ , SUN Ke ¹ ^{共同第一作者} ,  PAN Weimin ² ,  LUO Xiaofeng ¹

1. School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P. R. China;
2. Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

PAN Weimin, Email: 85644554@qq.com; LUO Xiaofeng, Email: luoxiaof@lzu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Disease burden; traumatic brain injury; incidence rate; years lived with disability

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202507051

Video：

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Objective To explore the current status and changing trends of the disease burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in China from 1990 to 2023, and to quantitatively assess the impact of different influencing factors on this disease burden, thereby providing references for the prevention of TBI. Methods Based on the 2023 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, indicators including incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) were used to analyze the status and changing trends of TBI disease burden in China from 1990 to 2023. Additionally, the decomposition method established by Gupta was adopted to quantify the effects of population growth, population aging, age-specific incidence rate, and disease severity on YLDs. Results From 1990 to 2023, the age-standardized incidence rate and YLD rate of TBI in China showed an overall upward trend, with a significant downward trend between 2015 and 2020, followed by a resumption of upward trend after 2020. The disease burden of TBI in males was higher than that in females, with a larger increase amplitude. The elderly population had higher TBI incidence rate and YLD rate, also with a larger upward amplitude. Falls were the main cause of TBI in China, and the changing trend of the disease burden caused by falls was consistent with the overall trend of TBI disease burden; meanwhile, the elderly population bore a relatively high disease burden from falls. Taking 1990 as the baseline, the growth rates of YLDs in males and females in 2023 were 101.54% and 101.40%, respectively. For males, the proportions of YLDs growth attributed to population growth, population aging, age-specific incidence rate, and disease severity were 26.91%, 49.62%, 37.74%, and –12.73%, respectively; for females, the corresponding proportions were 28.85%, 57.69%, 27.65%, and –12.79%. Conclusion From 1990 to 2023, population aging had a significant impact on the disease burden of TBI in China. Strengthening the prevention and control of falls and paying close attention to males and the elderly population should be the key focuses of TBI prevention and control work in China in the future.

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23.	劉贄, 林淼, 代兵, 等. 基于中國汽車-行人事故數據的老齡人與青壯年行人損傷特征對比分析. 汽車安全與節能學報, 2024, 15(2): 154-160.
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25.	Salari N, Darvishi N, Ahmadipanah M, et al. Global prevalence of falls in the older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res, 2022, 17(1): 334. doi: 10.1186/s13018-022-03222-1.
26.	胡依, 郭芮綺, 閔淑慧, 等. 1990—2019年中國老年人群跌倒疾病負擔分析. 現代預防醫學, 2021, 48(9): 1542-1545,1630.
27.	孫絲雨, 楊文豪, 黃婷苑, 等. 廣州市社區老年人跌倒發生率及影響因素的前瞻性隊列研究. 中華疾病控制雜志, 2024, 28(10): 1164-1169,1203.
28.	Yip WN, Fu HQ, Chen AT, et al. 10 years of health-care reform in China: progress and gaps in Universal Health Coverage. Lancet, 2019, 394(10204): 1192-1204.
29.	劉珊山, 于曉輝, 秦建偉. 1990—2019年中國肝硬化疾病負擔變化趨勢分析. 臨床肝膽病雜志, 2024, 40(4): 726-733.

1. Mustafa AG, Alshboul OA. Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Neurosciences (Riyadh), 2013, 18(3): 222-234.
2. Khellaf A, Khan DZ, Helmy A. Recent advances in traumatic brain injury. J Neurol, 2019, 266(11): 2878-2889.
3. Maas AIR, Menon DK, Adelson PD, et al. Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research. Lancet Neurol, 2017, 16(12): 987-1048.
4. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. GBD Results, 2021 [EB/OL]. [2024-12-04]. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results.
5. Xu H, Pi H, Ma L, et al. Incidence of headache after traumatic brain injury in China: A large prospective study. World Neurosurg, 2016, 88: 289-296.
6. GBD 2016 Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol, 2019, 18(1): 56-87.
7. 饒克勤, 錢軍程, 陳紅敬, 等. 我國人口老齡化對衛生系統的挑戰及其應對策略. 中華健康管理學雜志, 2012, 6(1): 6-8.
8. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. The 2021 Global Burden of Disease study [EB/OL]. [2025-2-15]. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/.
9. GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1204-1222.
10. GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258): 1223-1249.
11. GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet, 2024, 403(10440): 2100-2132.
12. 唐詩迪, 訾豪, 朱聰, 等. 1990-2019年中國睪丸癌疾病負擔分析. 解放軍醫學雜志, 2024, 49(3): 272-279.
13. Gupta PD. Standardization and Decomposition of Rates: A User’s Manual. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1993: 44-46.
14. 中共中央國務院. “健康中國2030”規劃綱要 [EB/OL]. (2016-10-25) [2025-10-01]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm.
15. 任義濤, 朱榮芳, 林金雄, 等. 1990―2019年中國人群道路交通傷害的疾病負擔及變化趨勢. 中華疾病控制雜志, 2023, 27(11): 1289-1295.
16. Hoffman GJ, Malani PN, Solway E, et al. Changes in activity levels, physical functioning, and fall risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2022, 70(1): 49-59.
17. Demangel R, Treffel L, Py G, et al. Early structural and functional signature of 3-day human skeletal muscle disuse using the dry immersion model. J Physiol, 2017, 595(13): 4301-4315.
18. 國家統計局. 中國人口普查年鑒-2000 [EB/OL]. [2024-06-03]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/zgnj/2000/D07c.html.
19. 國家統計局. 中國人口普查年鑒-2020[EB/OL]. [2024-06-03]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/pcsj/rkpc/7rp/zk/indexch.html.
20. 宋源龍, 楊弋星, 董順雨, 等. 1990—2019年中國傷害疾病負擔變化趨勢及預測. 現代預防醫學, 2024, 51(8): 1377-1383,1419.
21. 楊亮, 付曉蘭, 毛曉鋒, 等. 2011—2019年重慶市長壽區交通傷害死亡率及疾病負擔趨勢分析. 職業衛生與病傷, 2021, 36(2): 79-84.
22. 丁賢彬, 楊弦弦, 焦艷, 等. 2012—2018年重慶市傷害疾病負擔變化趨勢. 實用預防醫學, 2020, 27(7): 790-793.
23. 劉贄, 林淼, 代兵, 等. 基于中國汽車-行人事故數據的老齡人與青壯年行人損傷特征對比分析. 汽車安全與節能學報, 2024, 15(2): 154-160.
24. Yang C, Lang L, He Z, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of older patients with traumatic brain injury in China. J Neurotrauma, 2022, 39(11-12): 850-859.
25. Salari N, Darvishi N, Ahmadipanah M, et al. Global prevalence of falls in the older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res, 2022, 17(1): 334. doi: 10.1186/s13018-022-03222-1.
26. 胡依, 郭芮綺, 閔淑慧, 等. 1990—2019年中國老年人群跌倒疾病負擔分析. 現代預防醫學, 2021, 48(9): 1542-1545,1630.
27. 孫絲雨, 楊文豪, 黃婷苑, 等. 廣州市社區老年人跌倒發生率及影響因素的前瞻性隊列研究. 中華疾病控制雜志, 2024, 28(10): 1164-1169,1203.
28. Yip WN, Fu HQ, Chen AT, et al. 10 years of health-care reform in China: progress and gaps in Universal Health Coverage. Lancet, 2019, 394(10204): 1192-1204.
29. 劉珊山, 于曉輝, 秦建偉. 1990—2019年中國肝硬化疾病負擔變化趨勢分析. 臨床肝膽病雜志, 2024, 40(4): 726-733.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Latest ArticlesAnalysis of disease burden and changing trends of traumatic brain injury in China, 1990—2023

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