Research progress of pubic symphysis diastasis_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

CHEN Zhiguang ¹ , LI Qiang ² , LIU Rui ² , GUO Hao ^3,4 , TANG Peifu ³ ,  CHEN Hua ^1,3

1. First Clinical Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot Inner Mongolia, 010000, P. R. China;
2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot Inner Mongolia, 010000, P. R. China;
3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China;
4. The Second Surgical Department, Beijing Municipal Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Beijing, 100027, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

CHEN Hua, Email: chenhua0270@126.com

Keywords：

Pubic symphysis diastasis; injury classification; pelvic fracture

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.202306093

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review the research progress of pubic symphysis diastasis and provide effective reference for orthopedic surgeons in the diagnosis and treatment of pubic symphysis diastasis. Methods The anatomy, injury mechanism, treatment, and other aspects of pubic symphysis diastasis were summarized and analyzed by reviewing the relevant research literature at domestically and internationally in recent years. Results The incidence of pubic symphysis diastasis is high in pelvic fractures, which is caused by the injury of the ligaments and fibrocartilage disc around the pubic symphysis by external force. The treatment plan should be individualized according to the pelvic stability and the needs of patients, aiming to restore the stability and integrity of the pelvis and improve the quality of life of patients after surgery. Conclusion At present, the research on pubic symphysis diastasis still needs to be improved. In the future, high-quality, multi-center, and large-sample studies are of great significance for the selection of treatment methods and the evaluation of effectiveness for patients with pubic symphysis diastasis.

Citation： CHEN Zhiguang, LI Qiang, LIU Rui, GUO Hao, TANG Peifu, CHEN Hua. Research progress of pubic symphysis diastasis. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2023, 37(12): 1541-1547. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.202306093 Copy

1.	Hu S, Guo J, Zhu B, et al. Epidemiology and burden of pelvic fractures: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Injury, 2023, 54(2): 589-597.
2.	Ghosh S, Aggarwal S, Kumar V, et al. Epidemiology of pelvic fractures in adults: Our experience at a tertiary hospital. Chin J Traumatol, 2019, 22(3): 138-141.
3.	Mi M, Kanakaris NK, Wu X, et al. Management and outcomes of open pelvic fractures: An update. Injury, 2021, 52(10): 2738-2745.
4.	Pohlemann T, Bosch U, G?nsslen A, et al. The Hannover experience in management of pelvic fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1994(305): 69-80.
5.	馬坤龍, 朱磊, 方躍. 恥骨聯合分離的治療進展. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2014, 28(2): 250-254.
6.	宮玉鎖, 周君, 李盛華, 等. 恥骨聯合區域相關解剖學進展及內固定治療的生物力學特征. 中國組織工程研究, 2020, 24(27): 4371-4375.
7.	Pieroh P, Li ZL, Kawata S, et al. The arterial blood supply of the symphysis pubis-spatial orientated and highly variable. Ann Anat, 2021, 234: 151649.
8.	H?rlesberger N, Hohenberger G, Grechenig P, et al. Danger zone-the spermatic cord during anterior plating of the symphysis pubis. Injury, 2022, 53(2): 519-522.
9.	Meissner A, Fell M, Wilk R, et al. Biomechanics of the pubic symphysis. Which forces lead to mobility of the symphysis in physiological conditions? Unfallchirurg, 1996, 99(6): 415-421.
10.	石成弟, 郭曉山, 胡煒, 等. 經皮空心釘固定治療創傷性恥骨聯合分離. 中華骨科雜志, 2011, 31(11): 1218-1222.
11.	苑慧彤, 楊朝暉. “開書樣”不穩定骨盆骨折的治療進展. 實用骨科雜志, 2019, 25(9): 815-818.
12.	戚浩天. 應用Mimics軟件探討恥骨聯合分離與骨盆容量改變相關性研究. 天津: 天津醫科大學, 2014.
13.	胡小軍, 楊偉, 郭永萍, 等. 損傷控制骨科技術治療骨盆Tile B、C型骨折合并多發傷臨床效果. 廣西醫科大學學報, 2020, 37(5): 939-943.
14.	Gray A, Chandler H, Sabri O. Pelvic ring injuries: classification and treatment. Pelvic and Acetabular Trauma, 2022, 36(2): 82-92.
15.	Burgess AR, Eastridge BJ, Young JW, et al. Pelvic ring disruptions: effective classification system and treatment protocols. J Trauma, 1990, 30(7): 848-856.
16.	Doro CJ, Forward DP, Kim H, et al. Does 2. 5 cm of symphyseal widening differentiate anteroposterior compression Ⅰ from anteroposterior compression Ⅱ pelvic ring injuries? J Orthop Trauma, 2010, 24(10): 610-615.
17.	Sagi HC, Coniglione FM, Stanford JH. Examination under anesthetic for occult pelvic ring instability. J Orthop Trauma, 2011, 25(9): 529-536.
18.	Wakefield SM, Giannoudis V, Messori M, et al. Atypical APC-1 pelvic fracture presenting with pelvic instability: successful management with pubic symphysis fusion. BMJ Case Rep, 2022, 15(12): e252473.
19.	李智惠, 葛江濤, 畢寶曰. 推拿復位手法治療產后恥骨聯合分離癥臨床效果. 深圳中西醫結合雜志, 2023, 33(1): 59-62.
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21.	王琰, 李勇強, 高偉鵬, 等. 骨盆環整體理論指導下產后恥骨聯合分離的治療效果. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2021, 27(11): 1346-1350.
22.	Volpin G, Pfeifer R, Saveski J, et al. Damage control orthopaedics in polytraumatized patients-current concepts. J Clin Orthop Trauma, 2021, 12(1): 72-82.
23.	Yamamoto R, Udagawa K, Nishida Y, et al. Damage control orthopedics and decreased in-hospital mortality: A nationwide study. Injury, 2019, 50(12): 2240-2246.
24.	唐佩福, 王巖. 解放軍總醫院創傷骨科手術學. 北京: 人民軍醫出版社, 2013: 730-734.
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28.	Stewart RG, Hammer N, Kieser DC. External fixation of unstable pelvic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANZ J Surg, 2019, 89(9): 1022-1027.
29.	Chumchuen S, Lertpullpol W, Apivatgaroon A. Open technique for supra-acetabular pin placement in pelvic external fixation: a cadaveric study. J Orthop Traumatol, 2022, 23(1): 14.
30.	Cuervas-Mons M, Sánchez-Pérez C, Arnal-Burró J, et al. Ultrasound-guided supra-acetabular pelvic external fixator (US-SA FIX). Injury, 2019, 50 Suppl 1: S24-S29.
31.	唐成, 梁斌, 姚慶強, 等. 個體化經髂嵴植釘導板在骨盆外固定架深部植釘中的應用. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2019, 33(9): 1133-1140.
32.	武建超, 師政偉, 周建偉, 等. 骨盆前環骨折微創治療研究進展. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2020, 34(4): 529-535.
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35.	Liu S, Xiao B, Liu P, et al. New concealed-incision extrapelvic approach for pubic symphysis diastasis and parasymphyseal fractures: Preliminary results. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2020, 102(17): 1542-1550.
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37.	Lange RH, Hansen ST Jr. Pelvic ring disruptions with symphysis pubis diastasis. Indications, technique, and limitations of anterior internal fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1985, (201): 130-137.
38.	Sagi HC, Papp S. Comparative radiographic and clinical outcome of two-hole and multi-hole symphyseal plating. J Orthop Trauma, 2008, 22(6): 373-378.
39.	Gill JR, Murphy C, Quansah B, et al. Management of the open book APC Ⅱ pelvis: Survey results from pelvic and acetabular surgeons in the United Kingdom. J Orthop, 2017, 14(4): 530-536.
40.	Metz RM, Bledsoe JG, Moed BR. Does posterior fixation of partially unstable open-book pelvic ring injuries decrease symphyseal plate failure? A biomechanical study. J Orthop Trauma, 2018, 32 Suppl 1: S18-S24.
41.	Avilucea FR, Whiting PS, Mir H. Posterior fixation of APC-2 pelvic ring injuries decreases rates of anterior plate failure and malunion. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2016, 98(11): 944-951.
42.	Omid R, Trasolini NA, Stone MA, et al. Principles of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2021, 29(11): e523-e535.
43.	Kankanalu P, Orfanos G, Dwyer J, et al. Can locking plate fixation of symphyseal disruptions allow early weight bearing? Injury, 2021, 52(10): 2725-2729.
44.	Grimshaw CS, Bledsoe JG, Moed BR. Locked versus standard unlocked plating of the pubic symphysis: a cadaver biomechanical study. J Orthop Trauma, 2012, 26(7): 402-406.
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46.	Uliana CS, Nakahashi ER, Silva LHP, et al. No clinical advantage of locking over nonlocking plate fixation of symphyseal disruptions. Rev Col Bras Cir, 2021, 48: e20213122.
47.	MacAvoy MC, McClellan RT, Goodman SB, et al. Stability of open-book pelvic fractures using a new biomechanical model of single-limb stance. J Orthop Trauma, 1997, 11(8): 590-593.
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1. Hu S, Guo J, Zhu B, et al. Epidemiology and burden of pelvic fractures: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Injury, 2023, 54(2): 589-597.
2. Ghosh S, Aggarwal S, Kumar V, et al. Epidemiology of pelvic fractures in adults: Our experience at a tertiary hospital. Chin J Traumatol, 2019, 22(3): 138-141.
3. Mi M, Kanakaris NK, Wu X, et al. Management and outcomes of open pelvic fractures: An update. Injury, 2021, 52(10): 2738-2745.
4. Pohlemann T, Bosch U, G?nsslen A, et al. The Hannover experience in management of pelvic fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1994(305): 69-80.
5. 馬坤龍, 朱磊, 方躍. 恥骨聯合分離的治療進展. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2014, 28(2): 250-254.
6. 宮玉鎖, 周君, 李盛華, 等. 恥骨聯合區域相關解剖學進展及內固定治療的生物力學特征. 中國組織工程研究, 2020, 24(27): 4371-4375.
7. Pieroh P, Li ZL, Kawata S, et al. The arterial blood supply of the symphysis pubis-spatial orientated and highly variable. Ann Anat, 2021, 234: 151649.
8. H?rlesberger N, Hohenberger G, Grechenig P, et al. Danger zone-the spermatic cord during anterior plating of the symphysis pubis. Injury, 2022, 53(2): 519-522.
9. Meissner A, Fell M, Wilk R, et al. Biomechanics of the pubic symphysis. Which forces lead to mobility of the symphysis in physiological conditions? Unfallchirurg, 1996, 99(6): 415-421.
10. 石成弟, 郭曉山, 胡煒, 等. 經皮空心釘固定治療創傷性恥骨聯合分離. 中華骨科雜志, 2011, 31(11): 1218-1222.
11. 苑慧彤, 楊朝暉. “開書樣”不穩定骨盆骨折的治療進展. 實用骨科雜志, 2019, 25(9): 815-818.
12. 戚浩天. 應用Mimics軟件探討恥骨聯合分離與骨盆容量改變相關性研究. 天津: 天津醫科大學, 2014.
13. 胡小軍, 楊偉, 郭永萍, 等. 損傷控制骨科技術治療骨盆Tile B、C型骨折合并多發傷臨床效果. 廣西醫科大學學報, 2020, 37(5): 939-943.
14. Gray A, Chandler H, Sabri O. Pelvic ring injuries: classification and treatment. Pelvic and Acetabular Trauma, 2022, 36(2): 82-92.
15. Burgess AR, Eastridge BJ, Young JW, et al. Pelvic ring disruptions: effective classification system and treatment protocols. J Trauma, 1990, 30(7): 848-856.
16. Doro CJ, Forward DP, Kim H, et al. Does 2. 5 cm of symphyseal widening differentiate anteroposterior compression Ⅰ from anteroposterior compression Ⅱ pelvic ring injuries? J Orthop Trauma, 2010, 24(10): 610-615.
17. Sagi HC, Coniglione FM, Stanford JH. Examination under anesthetic for occult pelvic ring instability. J Orthop Trauma, 2011, 25(9): 529-536.
18. Wakefield SM, Giannoudis V, Messori M, et al. Atypical APC-1 pelvic fracture presenting with pelvic instability: successful management with pubic symphysis fusion. BMJ Case Rep, 2022, 15(12): e252473.
19. 李智惠, 葛江濤, 畢寶曰. 推拿復位手法治療產后恥骨聯合分離癥臨床效果. 深圳中西醫結合雜志, 2023, 33(1): 59-62.
20. 匡乃峰, 閆平平, 陳悅霞, 等. 陳舊性恥骨聯合分離綜合保守治療. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2022, 30(15): 1430-1433.
21. 王琰, 李勇強, 高偉鵬, 等. 骨盆環整體理論指導下產后恥骨聯合分離的治療效果. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2021, 27(11): 1346-1350.
22. Volpin G, Pfeifer R, Saveski J, et al. Damage control orthopaedics in polytraumatized patients-current concepts. J Clin Orthop Trauma, 2021, 12(1): 72-82.
23. Yamamoto R, Udagawa K, Nishida Y, et al. Damage control orthopedics and decreased in-hospital mortality: A nationwide study. Injury, 2019, 50(12): 2240-2246.
24. 唐佩福, 王巖. 解放軍總醫院創傷骨科手術學. 北京: 人民軍醫出版社, 2013: 730-734.
25. 陳華, 唐佩福. 骨盆髖臼骨折微創治療. 鄭州: 河南科學技術出版社, 2016: 1-12, 101-118.
26. 夏羿凡, 陳路, 朱天亮, 等. 三種外固定置釘方法治療骨盆骨折. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2017, 25(10): 879-883.
27. Chu X, Strage KE, Hadeed M, et al. Comparison of iliac crest versus supraacetabular external fixator in hemodynamically unstable patients with a pelvic ring injury. Int Orthop, 2021, 45(8): 2121-2127.
28. Stewart RG, Hammer N, Kieser DC. External fixation of unstable pelvic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANZ J Surg, 2019, 89(9): 1022-1027.
29. Chumchuen S, Lertpullpol W, Apivatgaroon A. Open technique for supra-acetabular pin placement in pelvic external fixation: a cadaveric study. J Orthop Traumatol, 2022, 23(1): 14.
30. Cuervas-Mons M, Sánchez-Pérez C, Arnal-Burró J, et al. Ultrasound-guided supra-acetabular pelvic external fixator (US-SA FIX). Injury, 2019, 50 Suppl 1: S24-S29.
31. 唐成, 梁斌, 姚慶強, 等. 個體化經髂嵴植釘導板在骨盆外固定架深部植釘中的應用. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2019, 33(9): 1133-1140.
32. 武建超, 師政偉, 周建偉, 等. 骨盆前環骨折微創治療研究進展. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2020, 34(4): 529-535.
33. 中華醫學會骨科學分會創傷骨科學組, 中華醫學會骨科學分會外固定與肢體重建學組, 中華醫學會創傷學分會, 等. 中國骨盆骨折微創手術治療指南(2021). 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2021, 23(1): 4-14.
34. Park MS, Yoon SJ, Choi SM, et al. Is there a clinical benefit of additional tension band wiring in plate fixation of the symphysis? BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2017, 18(1): 40. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1418-3.
35. Liu S, Xiao B, Liu P, et al. New concealed-incision extrapelvic approach for pubic symphysis diastasis and parasymphyseal fractures: Preliminary results. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2020, 102(17): 1542-1550.
36. Rojas C, Ewertz E, Hormazábal JM. Fixation failure in patients with traumatic diastasis of pubic symphysis: impact of loss of reduction on early functional outcomes. J Orthop Surg Res, 2021, 16(1): 661.
37. Lange RH, Hansen ST Jr. Pelvic ring disruptions with symphysis pubis diastasis. Indications, technique, and limitations of anterior internal fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1985, (201): 130-137.
38. Sagi HC, Papp S. Comparative radiographic and clinical outcome of two-hole and multi-hole symphyseal plating. J Orthop Trauma, 2008, 22(6): 373-378.
39. Gill JR, Murphy C, Quansah B, et al. Management of the open book APC Ⅱ pelvis: Survey results from pelvic and acetabular surgeons in the United Kingdom. J Orthop, 2017, 14(4): 530-536.
40. Metz RM, Bledsoe JG, Moed BR. Does posterior fixation of partially unstable open-book pelvic ring injuries decrease symphyseal plate failure? A biomechanical study. J Orthop Trauma, 2018, 32 Suppl 1: S18-S24.
41. Avilucea FR, Whiting PS, Mir H. Posterior fixation of APC-2 pelvic ring injuries decreases rates of anterior plate failure and malunion. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2016, 98(11): 944-951.
42. Omid R, Trasolini NA, Stone MA, et al. Principles of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2021, 29(11): e523-e535.
43. Kankanalu P, Orfanos G, Dwyer J, et al. Can locking plate fixation of symphyseal disruptions allow early weight bearing? Injury, 2021, 52(10): 2725-2729.
44. Grimshaw CS, Bledsoe JG, Moed BR. Locked versus standard unlocked plating of the pubic symphysis: a cadaver biomechanical study. J Orthop Trauma, 2012, 26(7): 402-406.
45. Moed BR, O’Boynick CP, Bledsoe JG. Locked versus standard unlocked plating of the symphysis pubis in a Type-C pelvic injury: a cadaver biomechanical study. Injury, 2014, 45(4): 748-751.
46. Uliana CS, Nakahashi ER, Silva LHP, et al. No clinical advantage of locking over nonlocking plate fixation of symphyseal disruptions. Rev Col Bras Cir, 2021, 48: e20213122.
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Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Research progress of pubic symphysis diastasis

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