Research progress of lateral wall injury of intertrochanteric fracture_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

WU Jianchao , SHI Zhengwei , LI Jipeng , XU Shaoce , WANG Shiyao ,  WANG Yuliang

Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu, 730030, P.R.China;

Corresponding?author：

WANG Yuliang, Email: wy160918@sina.com

Keywords：

Intertrochanteric fracture; fracture fixation; lateral wall

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201806115

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To summarize the general concept of lateral wall, the causes of lateral wall injury, and surgical strategies in order to improve the understanding of lateral wall and reduce the complications of operation. Methods The related literature on lateral wall was extensively reviewed, summarized, and analyzed. Results The superior extent of the lateral wall is vastus lateralis ridge and the inferior extent is the intersection between the lateral femoral cortex and a line drawn at a tangent to the inferior femoral neck. The integrity of the lateral wall is important to prevent the failure of fixation and reoperation of intertrochanteric fractures. The main causes of injury are that there is no suitable typing criteria as a guide, the fracture pattern shown by X-ray does not match with the actual situation of the fracture, the type of fracture is special, and the operation is improper. The main treatment is to reconstruct the lateral wall and choose different reconstruction methods according to different fracture patterns. Conclusion The lateral wall is very important for the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. Lateral wall fracture should be internal fixation in order to minimize the risk of reoperation.

Citation： WU Jianchao, SHI Zhengwei, LI Jipeng, XU Shaoce, WANG Shiyao, WANG Yuliang. Research progress of lateral wall injury of intertrochanteric fracture. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2018, 32(12): 1605-1610. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201806115 Copy

1.	Tan WL, Low SL, Shen L, et al. Osteoporotic hip fractures: 10-year review in a Singaporean hospital. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2015, 23(2): 150-154.
2.	Kanakaris NK, Noviello C, Saeed Z, et al. Preliminary results of the treatment of proximal femoral fractures with the AFFIXUS nail. Injury, 2015, 46(Suppl 5): S12-S17.
3.	Gotfried Y. The lateral trochanteric wall: a key element in the reconstruction of unstable pertrochanteric hip fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2004, (425): 82-86.
4.	Haidukewych GJ. Intertrochanteric fractures: ten tips to improve results. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(3): 712-719.
5.	Palm H, Jacobsen S, Sonne-Holm S, et al. Integrity of the lateral femoral wall in intertrochanteric hip fractures: an important predictor of a reoperation. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89(3): 470-475.
6.	Abram SG, Pollard TC, Andrade AJ. Inadequate ‘three-point’ proximal fixation predicts failure of the Gamma nail. Bone Joint J, 2013, 95-B(6): 825-830.
7.	張世民, 馬卓, 杜守超, 等. 股骨近端外側壁的解剖學研究及其對轉子間骨折內固定的意義. 中國臨床解剖學雜志, 2016, 34(1): 39-42.
8.	Haq RU, Manhas V, Pankaj A, et al. Proximal femoral nails compared with reverse distal femoral locking plates in intertrochanteric fractures with a compromised lateral wall; a randomised controlled trial. Int Orthop, 2014, 38(7): 1443-1449.
9.	Ma Z, Chang SM. Letter to the editor: where is the lateral femoral wall. Int Orthop, 2014, 38(12): 2645-2646.
10.	Haq UI R, Manhas V, Pankaj A, et al. Authors response: the lateral femoral wall. Int Orthop, 2015, 39(3): 613-614.
11.	戴駿琪. 一種評估髓內釘治療股骨粗隆間骨折所致外側壁破裂風險的影像學指標. 蘇州: 蘇州大學, 2015.
12.	張英琪, 張世民, 熊文峰, 等. 股骨近端外側壁的骨折特征地圖研究. 中國臨床解剖學雜志, 2017, 35(2): 121-125.
13.	Gao Z, Lv Y, Zhou F, et al. Risk factors for implant failure after fixation of proximal femoral fractures with fracture of the lateral femoral wall. Injury, 2018, 49(2): 315-322.
14.	Hsu CE, Shih CM, Wang CC, et al. Lateral femoral wall thickness. A reliable predictor of post-operative lateral wall fracture in intertrochanteric fractures. Bone Joint J, 2013, 95-B(8): 1134-1138.
15.	Hsu CE, Chiu YC, Tsai SH, et al. Trochanter stabilising plate improves treatment outcomes in AO/OTA 31-A2 intertrochanteric fractures with critical thin femoral lateral walls. Injury, 2015, 46(6): 1047-1053.
16.	Pradeep AR, KiranKumar A, Dheenadhayalan J, et al. Intraoperative lateral wall fractures during Dynamic Hip Screw fixation for intertrochanteric fractures-Incidence, causative factors and clinical outcome. Injury, 2018, 49(2): 334-338.
17.	Sun LL, Li Q, Chang SM. The thickness of proximal lateral femoral wall. Injury, 2016, 47(3): 784-785.
18.	Sharma G, Singh R, Gn KK, et al. Which AO/OTA 31-A2 pertrochanteric fractures can be treated with a dynamic hip screw without developing a lateral wall fracture? A CT-based study. Int Orthop, 2016, 40(5): 1009-1017.
19.	Kellam JF, Meinberg EG, Agel J, et al. Introduction: fracture and dislocation classification compendium-2018: international comprehensive classification of fractures and dislocations committee. J Orthop Trauma, 2018, 32(Suppl 1): S1-S10.
20.	侯宇, 姚琦, 張亙璦, 等. 第 3 代 Gamma 釘拉力螺釘釘尾距股骨外側皮質距離與術后拉力螺釘移位或切出關系研究. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2018, 32(1): 40-44.
21.	顧海倫, 楊軍, 王維, 等. 不穩定型股骨轉子間外側壁骨折的治療策略. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2016, 18(8): 679-684.
22.	Futamura K, Baba T, Homma Y, et al. New classification focusing on the relationship between the attachment of the iliofemoral ligament and the course of the fracture line for intertrochanteric fractures. Injury, 2016, 47(8): 1685-1691.
23.	Ma Z, Yao XZ, Chang SM. The classification of intertrochanteric fractures based on the integrity of lateral femoral wall: Letter to the editor, Fracture morphology of AO/OTA 31-A trochanteric fractures: A 3D CT study with an emphasis on coronal fragments. Injury, 2017, 48(10): 2367-2368.
24.	Shoda E, Kitada S, Sasaki Y, et al. Proposal of new classification of femoral trochanteric fracture by three-dimensional computed tomography and relationship to usual plain X-ray classification. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2017, 25(1): 2309499017692700.
25.	Cho JW, Kent WT, Yoon YC, et al. Fracture morphology of AO/OTA 31-A trochanteric fractures: A 3D CT study with an emphasis on coronal fragments. Injury, 2017, 48(2): 277-284.
26.	張世民, 祝曉忠, 黃軼剛, 等. 外側壁危險型股骨粗隆間骨折 DHS 與 PFNA 治療的回顧性對比研究. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2010, 18(22): 1868-1872.
27.	Tan BY, Lau AC, Kwek EB. Morphology and fixation pitfalls of a highly unstable intertrochanteric fracture variant. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2015, 23(2): 142-145.
28.	Sharma G, Gn KK, Khatri K, et al. Morphology of the posteromedial fragment in pertrochanteric fractures: A three-dimensional computed tomography analysis. Injury, 2017, 48(2): 419-431.
29.	Joshi D, Dhamangaonkar AC, Ramawat S, et al. Predictors of iatrogenic lateral wall fractures while treating intertrochanteric fracture femur with the dynamic hip screw system in Indian patients. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2015, 25(4): 677-682.
30.	Boopalan PR, Oh JK, Kim TY, et al. Incidence and radiologic outcome of intraoperative lateral wall fractures in OTA 31A1 and A2 fractures treated with cephalomedullary nailing. J Orthop Trauma, 2012, 26(11): 638-642.
31.	Zhou F, Zhang ZS, Yang H, et al. Less invasive stabilization system (LISS) versus proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) in treating proximal femoral fractures: a prospective randomized study. J Orthop Trauma, 2012, 26(3): 155-162.
32.	Gadegone WM, Shivashankar B, Lokhande V, et al. Augmentation of proximal femoral nail in unstable trochanteric fractures. SICOT J, 2017, 3: 12.
33.	Kim Y, Bahk WJ, Yoon YC, et al. Radiologic healing of lateral femoral wall fragments after intramedullary nail fixation for A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2015, 135(10): 1349-1356.
34.	Ciufo DJ, Zaruta DA, Lipof JS, et al. Risk factors associated with cephalomedullary nail cutout in the treatment of trochanteric hip fractures. J Orthop Trauma, 2017, 31(11): 583-588.
35.	王志鋼, 徐曉峰, 陳奇, 等. 股骨近端外側壁重建對 A3 型股骨轉子間骨折手術療效的影響. 華中科技大學學報(醫學版), 2017, 46(3): 332-335.
36.	Matre K, Vinje T, Havelin LI, et al. TRIGEN INTERTAN intramedullary nail versus sliding hip screw: a prospective, randomized multicenter study on pain, function, and complications in 684 patients with an intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture and one year of follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2013, 95(3): 200-208.
37.	Reindl R, Harvey EJ, Berry GK, et al. Intramedullary versus extramedullary fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2015, 97(23): 1905-1912.
38.	石永新, 李富琴, 譚文甫, 等. 股骨近端防旋髓內釘與鎖定加壓接骨板治療老年外側壁薄弱型股骨粗隆間骨折療效比較. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2014, 28(10): 1199-1203.
39.	Langford J, Pillai G, Ugliailoro AD, et al. Perioperative lateral trochanteric wall fractures: sliding hip screw versus percutaneous compression plate for intertrochanteric hip fractures. J Orthop Trauma, 2011, 25(4): 191-195.
40.	顧家燁, 周正明, 殷小軍, 等. 經皮加壓鋼板與股骨近端防旋髓內釘治療老年股骨轉子間骨折的療效比較. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2015, 17(8): 730-733.
41.	唐天華, 譚文成, 唐三元, 等. 經皮加壓鋼板與動力髖螺釘治療股骨轉子間骨折的 Meta 分析. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2015, 23(16): 1454-1460.
42.	李曉彬, 郭建邦, 劉展亮, 等. 股骨近端鎖定加壓接骨板與 Gamma 釘固定治療老年穩定型股骨轉子間骨折的療效比較. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2014, 16(11): 1004-1006.
43.	唐佩福. 股骨轉子間骨折的治療進展與策略. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2017, 19(2): 93-94.
44.	張世民. 股骨粗隆間骨折中外側壁的概念及其臨床意義. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2010, 18(17): 1489-1492.
45.	向川, 郝耀, 楊宇君, 等. 人工髖關節置換術與內固定術治療老年股骨粗隆間骨折的 META 分析. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2013, 21(14): 1384-1391.
46.	梅漢堯, 索鵬, 周永頂, 等. 人工股骨頭置換術治療高齡股骨轉子間骨折. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2006, 8(8): 725-729.
47.	Yang S, Liu Y, Yang T, et al. Early clinical efficacy comparison study of Gamma3 nail, percutaneous compression plate (PCCP) and femoral head replacement (FHR) treatment on senile unstable fractures. J Invest Surg, 2018, 31(2): 130-135.
48.	Díaz VJ, Ca?izares AC, Martín IA, et al. Predictive variables of open reduction in intertrochanteric fracture nailing: a report of 210 cases. Injury, 2016, 47(Suppl 3): S51-S55.
49.	Kulkarni SG, Babhulkar SS, Kulkarni SM, et al. Augmentation of intramedullary nailing in unstable intertrochanteric fractures using cerclage wire and lag screws: a comparative study. Injury, 2017, 48(Suppl 2): S18-S22.
50.	Babhulkar S. Unstable trochanteric fractures: Issues and avoiding pitfalls. Injury, 2017, 48(4): 803-818.
51.	Lilly RJ, Koueiter DM, Graner KC, et al. Computer-assisted navigation for intramedullary nail fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures: A randomized, controlled trial. Injury, 2018, 49(2): 345-350.
52.	Zheng SN, Yao QQ, Mao FY, et al. Application of 3D printing rapid prototyping-assisted percutaneous fixation in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. Exp Ther Med, 2017, 14(4): 3644-3650.

1. Tan WL, Low SL, Shen L, et al. Osteoporotic hip fractures: 10-year review in a Singaporean hospital. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2015, 23(2): 150-154.
2. Kanakaris NK, Noviello C, Saeed Z, et al. Preliminary results of the treatment of proximal femoral fractures with the AFFIXUS nail. Injury, 2015, 46(Suppl 5): S12-S17.
3. Gotfried Y. The lateral trochanteric wall: a key element in the reconstruction of unstable pertrochanteric hip fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2004, (425): 82-86.
4. Haidukewych GJ. Intertrochanteric fractures: ten tips to improve results. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2009, 91(3): 712-719.
5. Palm H, Jacobsen S, Sonne-Holm S, et al. Integrity of the lateral femoral wall in intertrochanteric hip fractures: an important predictor of a reoperation. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89(3): 470-475.
6. Abram SG, Pollard TC, Andrade AJ. Inadequate ‘three-point’ proximal fixation predicts failure of the Gamma nail. Bone Joint J, 2013, 95-B(6): 825-830.
7. 張世民, 馬卓, 杜守超, 等. 股骨近端外側壁的解剖學研究及其對轉子間骨折內固定的意義. 中國臨床解剖學雜志, 2016, 34(1): 39-42.
8. Haq RU, Manhas V, Pankaj A, et al. Proximal femoral nails compared with reverse distal femoral locking plates in intertrochanteric fractures with a compromised lateral wall; a randomised controlled trial. Int Orthop, 2014, 38(7): 1443-1449.
9. Ma Z, Chang SM. Letter to the editor: where is the lateral femoral wall. Int Orthop, 2014, 38(12): 2645-2646.
10. Haq UI R, Manhas V, Pankaj A, et al. Authors response: the lateral femoral wall. Int Orthop, 2015, 39(3): 613-614.
11. 戴駿琪. 一種評估髓內釘治療股骨粗隆間骨折所致外側壁破裂風險的影像學指標. 蘇州: 蘇州大學, 2015.
12. 張英琪, 張世民, 熊文峰, 等. 股骨近端外側壁的骨折特征地圖研究. 中國臨床解剖學雜志, 2017, 35(2): 121-125.
13. Gao Z, Lv Y, Zhou F, et al. Risk factors for implant failure after fixation of proximal femoral fractures with fracture of the lateral femoral wall. Injury, 2018, 49(2): 315-322.
14. Hsu CE, Shih CM, Wang CC, et al. Lateral femoral wall thickness. A reliable predictor of post-operative lateral wall fracture in intertrochanteric fractures. Bone Joint J, 2013, 95-B(8): 1134-1138.
15. Hsu CE, Chiu YC, Tsai SH, et al. Trochanter stabilising plate improves treatment outcomes in AO/OTA 31-A2 intertrochanteric fractures with critical thin femoral lateral walls. Injury, 2015, 46(6): 1047-1053.
16. Pradeep AR, KiranKumar A, Dheenadhayalan J, et al. Intraoperative lateral wall fractures during Dynamic Hip Screw fixation for intertrochanteric fractures-Incidence, causative factors and clinical outcome. Injury, 2018, 49(2): 334-338.
17. Sun LL, Li Q, Chang SM. The thickness of proximal lateral femoral wall. Injury, 2016, 47(3): 784-785.
18. Sharma G, Singh R, Gn KK, et al. Which AO/OTA 31-A2 pertrochanteric fractures can be treated with a dynamic hip screw without developing a lateral wall fracture? A CT-based study. Int Orthop, 2016, 40(5): 1009-1017.
19. Kellam JF, Meinberg EG, Agel J, et al. Introduction: fracture and dislocation classification compendium-2018: international comprehensive classification of fractures and dislocations committee. J Orthop Trauma, 2018, 32(Suppl 1): S1-S10.
20. 侯宇, 姚琦, 張亙璦, 等. 第 3 代 Gamma 釘拉力螺釘釘尾距股骨外側皮質距離與術后拉力螺釘移位或切出關系研究. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2018, 32(1): 40-44.
21. 顧海倫, 楊軍, 王維, 等. 不穩定型股骨轉子間外側壁骨折的治療策略. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2016, 18(8): 679-684.
22. Futamura K, Baba T, Homma Y, et al. New classification focusing on the relationship between the attachment of the iliofemoral ligament and the course of the fracture line for intertrochanteric fractures. Injury, 2016, 47(8): 1685-1691.
23. Ma Z, Yao XZ, Chang SM. The classification of intertrochanteric fractures based on the integrity of lateral femoral wall: Letter to the editor, Fracture morphology of AO/OTA 31-A trochanteric fractures: A 3D CT study with an emphasis on coronal fragments. Injury, 2017, 48(10): 2367-2368.
24. Shoda E, Kitada S, Sasaki Y, et al. Proposal of new classification of femoral trochanteric fracture by three-dimensional computed tomography and relationship to usual plain X-ray classification. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2017, 25(1): 2309499017692700.
25. Cho JW, Kent WT, Yoon YC, et al. Fracture morphology of AO/OTA 31-A trochanteric fractures: A 3D CT study with an emphasis on coronal fragments. Injury, 2017, 48(2): 277-284.
26. 張世民, 祝曉忠, 黃軼剛, 等. 外側壁危險型股骨粗隆間骨折 DHS 與 PFNA 治療的回顧性對比研究. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2010, 18(22): 1868-1872.
27. Tan BY, Lau AC, Kwek EB. Morphology and fixation pitfalls of a highly unstable intertrochanteric fracture variant. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2015, 23(2): 142-145.
28. Sharma G, Gn KK, Khatri K, et al. Morphology of the posteromedial fragment in pertrochanteric fractures: A three-dimensional computed tomography analysis. Injury, 2017, 48(2): 419-431.
29. Joshi D, Dhamangaonkar AC, Ramawat S, et al. Predictors of iatrogenic lateral wall fractures while treating intertrochanteric fracture femur with the dynamic hip screw system in Indian patients. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2015, 25(4): 677-682.
30. Boopalan PR, Oh JK, Kim TY, et al. Incidence and radiologic outcome of intraoperative lateral wall fractures in OTA 31A1 and A2 fractures treated with cephalomedullary nailing. J Orthop Trauma, 2012, 26(11): 638-642.
31. Zhou F, Zhang ZS, Yang H, et al. Less invasive stabilization system (LISS) versus proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) in treating proximal femoral fractures: a prospective randomized study. J Orthop Trauma, 2012, 26(3): 155-162.
32. Gadegone WM, Shivashankar B, Lokhande V, et al. Augmentation of proximal femoral nail in unstable trochanteric fractures. SICOT J, 2017, 3: 12.
33. Kim Y, Bahk WJ, Yoon YC, et al. Radiologic healing of lateral femoral wall fragments after intramedullary nail fixation for A3.3 intertrochanteric fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2015, 135(10): 1349-1356.
34. Ciufo DJ, Zaruta DA, Lipof JS, et al. Risk factors associated with cephalomedullary nail cutout in the treatment of trochanteric hip fractures. J Orthop Trauma, 2017, 31(11): 583-588.
35. 王志鋼, 徐曉峰, 陳奇, 等. 股骨近端外側壁重建對 A3 型股骨轉子間骨折手術療效的影響. 華中科技大學學報(醫學版), 2017, 46(3): 332-335.
36. Matre K, Vinje T, Havelin LI, et al. TRIGEN INTERTAN intramedullary nail versus sliding hip screw: a prospective, randomized multicenter study on pain, function, and complications in 684 patients with an intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fracture and one year of follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2013, 95(3): 200-208.
37. Reindl R, Harvey EJ, Berry GK, et al. Intramedullary versus extramedullary fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2015, 97(23): 1905-1912.
38. 石永新, 李富琴, 譚文甫, 等. 股骨近端防旋髓內釘與鎖定加壓接骨板治療老年外側壁薄弱型股骨粗隆間骨折療效比較. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2014, 28(10): 1199-1203.
39. Langford J, Pillai G, Ugliailoro AD, et al. Perioperative lateral trochanteric wall fractures: sliding hip screw versus percutaneous compression plate for intertrochanteric hip fractures. J Orthop Trauma, 2011, 25(4): 191-195.
40. 顧家燁, 周正明, 殷小軍, 等. 經皮加壓鋼板與股骨近端防旋髓內釘治療老年股骨轉子間骨折的療效比較. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2015, 17(8): 730-733.
41. 唐天華, 譚文成, 唐三元, 等. 經皮加壓鋼板與動力髖螺釘治療股骨轉子間骨折的 Meta 分析. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2015, 23(16): 1454-1460.
42. 李曉彬, 郭建邦, 劉展亮, 等. 股骨近端鎖定加壓接骨板與 Gamma 釘固定治療老年穩定型股骨轉子間骨折的療效比較. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2014, 16(11): 1004-1006.
43. 唐佩福. 股骨轉子間骨折的治療進展與策略. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2017, 19(2): 93-94.
44. 張世民. 股骨粗隆間骨折中外側壁的概念及其臨床意義. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2010, 18(17): 1489-1492.
45. 向川, 郝耀, 楊宇君, 等. 人工髖關節置換術與內固定術治療老年股骨粗隆間骨折的 META 分析. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2013, 21(14): 1384-1391.
46. 梅漢堯, 索鵬, 周永頂, 等. 人工股骨頭置換術治療高齡股骨轉子間骨折. 中華創傷骨科雜志, 2006, 8(8): 725-729.
47. Yang S, Liu Y, Yang T, et al. Early clinical efficacy comparison study of Gamma3 nail, percutaneous compression plate (PCCP) and femoral head replacement (FHR) treatment on senile unstable fractures. J Invest Surg, 2018, 31(2): 130-135.
48. Díaz VJ, Ca?izares AC, Martín IA, et al. Predictive variables of open reduction in intertrochanteric fracture nailing: a report of 210 cases. Injury, 2016, 47(Suppl 3): S51-S55.
49. Kulkarni SG, Babhulkar SS, Kulkarni SM, et al. Augmentation of intramedullary nailing in unstable intertrochanteric fractures using cerclage wire and lag screws: a comparative study. Injury, 2017, 48(Suppl 2): S18-S22.
50. Babhulkar S. Unstable trochanteric fractures: Issues and avoiding pitfalls. Injury, 2017, 48(4): 803-818.
51. Lilly RJ, Koueiter DM, Graner KC, et al. Computer-assisted navigation for intramedullary nail fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures: A randomized, controlled trial. Injury, 2018, 49(2): 345-350.
52. Zheng SN, Yao QQ, Mao FY, et al. Application of 3D printing rapid prototyping-assisted percutaneous fixation in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. Exp Ther Med, 2017, 14(4): 3644-3650.

Previous Article
Research progress on the role of extracellular vesicles in bacterial pathogenesis
Next Article
Research progress of abdominoplasty

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Research progress of lateral wall injury of intertrochanteric fracture

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content