RESEARCH PROGRESS OF MICROENVIRONMENT FOR TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS INJURIES_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

YAODongdong ^1,2 , ZHANGJieyuan ¹ , LIUBin ² ,  LIBingcang ¹

1. Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China;
2. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Southwest University;

Corresponding?author：

LIBingcang, Email: bcli1118@yahoo.com

Keywords：

Peripheral nerve; Injury repair; Inflammation response; Signaling pathway; Microenvironment

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20150252

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review the research progress of microenvironment for the treatment of peripheral nervous injuries. Methods The recent literature concerning the treatment mechanism of peripheral nervous injuries was extensively consulted, and the microenvironment response involved in the treatment of peripheral nervous injuries was reviewed. Results The complex microenvironment for treatment of peripheral nervous injuries is dependent on nerve regeneration chamber, the formation of neurotrophic factors, inflammation response, regulation of hormones, signaling pathways, and related enzymes in regulation. In-depth study will help us have a clearer understanding on the distal and proximal neurons axons at the cellular and molecular levels after peripheral nervous injuries. Conclusion In recent years, the researches of microenvironment for the treatment of peripheral nervous injuries have achieved obvious progress. With the current nanotechnology, materials science, genetic engineering, and stem cell transplantation technology, it will provide new ideas and corresponding basis for clinical treatment.

Citation： YAODongdong, ZHANGJieyuan, LIUBin, LIBingcang. RESEARCH PROGRESS OF MICROENVIRONMENT FOR TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS INJURIES. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2015, 29(9): 1167-1172. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20150252 Copy

1.	Tos P, Ronchi G, Geuna S, et al. Future perspectives in nerve repair and regeneration. Int Rev Neurobiol, 2013, 109:165-192.
2.	Madduri S, Gander B. Schwann cell delivery of neurotrophic factors for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Peripher Nerv Syst, 2010, 15(2): 93-103.
3.	You H, Wei L, Liu Y, et al. Olfactory ensheathing cells enhance Schwann cell-mediated anatomical and functional repair after sciatic nerve injury in adult rats. Exp Neurol, 2011, 229(1):158-167.
4.	Tang X, Xue C, Wang Y, et al. Bridging peripheral nerve defects with a tissue engineered nerve graft composed of an in vitro cultured nerve equivalent and a silk fibroin-based scaffold. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(16):3860-3867.
5.	Wang A, Tang Z, Park IH, et al. Induced pluripotent stem cells for neural tissue Engineering. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(22):5023-5032.
6.	Mohammadi R, Azizi S, Delirezh N, et al. The use of undiferentiated bone marrow stromal cells for sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2012, 41(5):650-656.
7.	Khazaei MR, Halfter H, Karimzadeh F, et al. Bex1 is involved in the regeneration of axons after injury. J Neurochem, 2010, 115(4):910-920.
8.	Christie KJ, Webber CA, Martinez JA, et al. PTEN inhibition to facilitate intrinsic regenerative outgrowth of adult peripheral axons. J Neurosci, 2010, 30(27):9306-9315.
9.	Barrette B, Calvo E, Vallières N, et al. Transcriptional profiling of the injured sciatic nerve of mice carrying the Wld (S) mutant gene:identification of genes involved in neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, and nerve regeneration. Brain Behav Immun, 2010, 24(8):1254-1267.
10.	Günzl P, Bauer K, Hainzl E, et al. Anti-inflammatory properties of the PI3K pathway are mediated by IL-10/DUSP regulation. J Leukoc Biol, 2010, 88(6):1259-1269.
11.	Chen JF, Tao Y, Li J, et al. MicroRNA-1 and microRNA-206 regulate skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation by repressing Pax7. J Cell Biol, 2010, 190(5):867-879.
12.	Yang Y, Zhao W, He J, et al. Nerve conduits based on immobilization of nerve growth factor onto modified chitosan by using genipin as a crosslinking agent. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2011, 79(3):519-525.
13.	Zhou FQ, Zhou J, Dedhar S, et al. NGF-induced axon growth is mediated by localized inactivation of GSK-3beta and functions of the microtubule plus end binding protein APC. Neuron, 2004, 42(6): 897-912.
14.	Tamura S, Suzuki H, Hirowatari Y, et al. Release reaction of brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through PAR1 activation and its two distinct pools in human platelets. Thromb Res, 2011, 128(5): e55-61.
15.	Gratto KA, Verge VM. Neurotrophin-3 down-regulates trkA mRNA,NGF high-affinity binding sites,and associated phenotype in adult DRG neurons. Eur J Neurosci, 2003, 18(6):1535-1548.
16.	Shimazu K, Zhao M, Sakata K, et al. NT-3 facilitates hippocampal plasticity and learning and memory by regulating neurogenesis. Learn Mem, 2006, 13(3):307-315.
17.	龔非力. 醫學免疫學. 3版. 北京:科學出版社, 2009:118-124.
18.	Cui Q, Lu Q, So KF, et al. CNTF, not other trophic factors, promotes axonal regeneration of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult hamsters. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 1999, 40(3):760-766.
19.	李寶成. bFGF 復合翻轉靜脈神經導管修復大鼠周圍神經缺損的實驗研究. 包頭醫學院學報, 2012, 28(6):14-15.
20.	王曉亮, 楊朝陽, 李曉光, 等. 應用人工神經修復大鼠坐骨神經損傷的實驗研究. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2012, 18(6):535-538.
21.	Omura T, Sano M, Omura K, et al. Different expressions of BDNF, NT3 and NT4 in muscle and nerve after various types of peripheral nerve injuries. J Peripher Nerv Syst, 2005, 10(3):293-300.
22.	Campana WM. Schwann cells:activated peripheral glia and their role in neuropathic pain. Brain Behav Immun, 2007, 21(5):522-527.
23.	Koriyama Y, Homma K, Sugitani K, et al. Upregulation of IGF-I in the gold fish retinal ganglion cells during the early stage of optic nerve regeneration. Neurochem Int, 2007, 50(5):749-756.
24.	Sherer TB, Fiske BK, Svendsen CN, et al. Crossroads in GDNF therapy for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord, 2006, 21(2):136-141.
25.	劉萍, 涂彧. 表皮生長因子在新生大鼠神經干細胞培養中的作用. 蘇州大學學報:醫學版, 2010, 30(2):310-312.
26.	Campana WM, Li X, Shubayev VI, et al. Erythropoietin reduces Schwann cell TNF-alpha,Wallerian degeneration and pain-related behaviors after peripheral nerveinjury. Eur J Neurosci, 2006, 23(3): 617-626.
27.	Setton-Avruj CP, Musolino PL, Salis C, et al. Presence of alphaglobin mRNA and migration of bone marrow cells after sciatic nerve injury suggests their participation in the degeneration/regeneration process. Exp Neurol, 2007, 203(2):568-578.
28.	Gray M, Palispis W, Popovich PG, et al. Macrophage depletion alters the blood-nerve barrier without affecting Schwann cell function after neural injury. J Neurosci Res, 2007, 85(4):766-777.
29.	Santana MA, Esquivel-Guadarrama F. Cell biology of T cell activation and difierentiation. Int Rev Cytol, 2006, 250:217-274.
30.	黃恒, 沈若武, 季愛玉, 等. 大鼠坐骨神經損傷修復后Thl/Th2細胞因子的表達. 青島大學醫學院學報, 2012, 48(2):108-110.
31.	Ruohonen S, Jagodi M, Khademi M, et al. Contralateral nonoperated nerve to transected rat sciatic nerve shows increased expression of IL-1beta, TGF-beta1, TNF-alpha, and IL-10. J Neuroimmunol, 2002, 132(1-2):11-17.
32.	Nishida T, Yanal R. Advances in treatment for neurotrophic keratopathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2009, 20(4):276-281.
33.	Misawa S, Kuwahara S, Mori M, et al. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Neurology, 2001, 56(5):666-669.
34.	熊革, 王炎, 童德迪, 等. 免疫抑制劑對人鼠坐骨神經損傷修復后細胞因子表達的影響. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2006, 20(12): 1163-1167.
35.	Wirjatijasa F, Dehghani F, Blaheta RA, et al. Interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and intcrleukin-l-receptor antagonist but not transforming growth factor-beta induce ramification and reduce adhesion molecule expression of rat microglial cells. J Neurosci Res, 2002, 68(5):579-587.
36.	楊峰, 曲巍. FK506在周圍神經損傷修復中的研究進展. 實用手外科雜志, 2011, 25(1):52-55.
37.	Li X, Wang W, Wei G, et al. Immunophilin FK506 loaded inchitosan guide promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. Biotechnol Lett, 2010, 32(9):1333-1337.
38.	董陽, 沈若武, 季愛玉, 等. 環磷酰胺對大鼠坐骨神經損傷后NGF 表達影響. 青島大學醫學院學報, 2013, 49(3):216-218.
39.	王琳, 馬玉林. 枸杞多糖對大鼠坐骨神經損傷修復后影響的實驗研究. 寧夏醫學雜志, 2005, 26(5):264-266.
40.	Li WW, Le Goascogne C, Schumacher M, et al. Type 2 deiodinase in the peripheral nervous system:induction in the sciatic nerve after injury. Neuroscience, 2001, 107(3):507-518.
41.	李敏, 祖衡兵. 雄激素在神經退行性疾病中的神經保護作用. 腦與神經疾病雜志, 2012, 20(5):396-397.
42.	Yu HJ, Fei J, Chen XS, et al. Progesterone attenuates neurological behavioral deficits of experimental autoimmune encephalolnyelitis through remyelination with nuclessublocalized olig1 protein. Neurosci Lett, 2010, 476(1):42-45.
43.	Lanlua P, Decorti F, Gangula PR, et al. Female steroid hormones modulate receptors for nerve growth factor in rat dorsal root ganglia. Biol Reprod, 2001, 64(1):331-338.
44.	Mohammadi R, Yadegarazadi MJ, Amini K. Peripheral nerve regeneration following transection injury to rat sciatic nerve by local application of adrenocorticotropic hormone. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2014, 42(6):784-789.
45.	Xu QG, Li XQ, Kotecha SA, et al. Insulin as an in vivo growth factor. Exp Neurol, 2004, 188(1):43-51.
46.	Li M, Guo W, Zhang P, et al. Signal flow and pathways in response to early Wallerian degeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury. Neurosci Lett, 2013, 536:56-63.
47.	Smith D, Tweed C, Fernyhough P, et al. Nuclear-factor kappaB activation in axons and Schwann cells in experimental sciatic nerve in jury and its role in modulating axon regeneration:studies with etanercept. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 2009, 68(6):691-700.
48.	Wang Y, Kawamura N, Schmelzer JD, et al. Decreased peripheral nerve damage after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice lacking TNF-alpha. J Neurol Sci, 2008, 267(1-2):107-111.
49.	Andorfer B, Kieseier BC, Mathey E, et al. Expression and distribution of transcription factor NF-kappaB and inhibitor IkappaB in the inflamed peripheral nervous system. J Neuroimmunol, 2001, 116(2): 226-232.
50.	Cho Y, Cavalli V. HDAC5 is a novel injury-regulated tubulin deacetylase controlling axon regeneration. EMBO J, 2012, 31(14): 3063-3078.
51.	Castro C, Kuffler DP. Membrane-bound CSPG mediates growth cone outgrowth and substrate specificity by Schwann cell contact with the DRG neuron cell body and not via growth cone contact. Exp Neurol, 2006, 200(1):19-25.
52.	López-Vales R, Navarro X, Shimizu T, et al. Intracellular phospholipase A2 group IVA and group VIA play important roles in Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Brain, 2008, 131(Pt 10):2620-2631.
53.	H?ke A. Mechanisms of disease:what factors limit the success of peripheral nerve regeneration in humans? Nat Clin Pract Neurol, 2006, 2(8):448-454.

1. Tos P, Ronchi G, Geuna S, et al. Future perspectives in nerve repair and regeneration. Int Rev Neurobiol, 2013, 109:165-192.
2. Madduri S, Gander B. Schwann cell delivery of neurotrophic factors for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Peripher Nerv Syst, 2010, 15(2): 93-103.
3. You H, Wei L, Liu Y, et al. Olfactory ensheathing cells enhance Schwann cell-mediated anatomical and functional repair after sciatic nerve injury in adult rats. Exp Neurol, 2011, 229(1):158-167.
4. Tang X, Xue C, Wang Y, et al. Bridging peripheral nerve defects with a tissue engineered nerve graft composed of an in vitro cultured nerve equivalent and a silk fibroin-based scaffold. Biomaterials, 2012, 33(16):3860-3867.
5. Wang A, Tang Z, Park IH, et al. Induced pluripotent stem cells for neural tissue Engineering. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(22):5023-5032.
6. Mohammadi R, Azizi S, Delirezh N, et al. The use of undiferentiated bone marrow stromal cells for sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2012, 41(5):650-656.
7. Khazaei MR, Halfter H, Karimzadeh F, et al. Bex1 is involved in the regeneration of axons after injury. J Neurochem, 2010, 115(4):910-920.
8. Christie KJ, Webber CA, Martinez JA, et al. PTEN inhibition to facilitate intrinsic regenerative outgrowth of adult peripheral axons. J Neurosci, 2010, 30(27):9306-9315.
9. Barrette B, Calvo E, Vallières N, et al. Transcriptional profiling of the injured sciatic nerve of mice carrying the Wld (S) mutant gene:identification of genes involved in neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, and nerve regeneration. Brain Behav Immun, 2010, 24(8):1254-1267.
10. Günzl P, Bauer K, Hainzl E, et al. Anti-inflammatory properties of the PI3K pathway are mediated by IL-10/DUSP regulation. J Leukoc Biol, 2010, 88(6):1259-1269.
11. Chen JF, Tao Y, Li J, et al. MicroRNA-1 and microRNA-206 regulate skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation by repressing Pax7. J Cell Biol, 2010, 190(5):867-879.
12. Yang Y, Zhao W, He J, et al. Nerve conduits based on immobilization of nerve growth factor onto modified chitosan by using genipin as a crosslinking agent. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2011, 79(3):519-525.
13. Zhou FQ, Zhou J, Dedhar S, et al. NGF-induced axon growth is mediated by localized inactivation of GSK-3beta and functions of the microtubule plus end binding protein APC. Neuron, 2004, 42(6): 897-912.
14. Tamura S, Suzuki H, Hirowatari Y, et al. Release reaction of brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through PAR1 activation and its two distinct pools in human platelets. Thromb Res, 2011, 128(5): e55-61.
15. Gratto KA, Verge VM. Neurotrophin-3 down-regulates trkA mRNA,NGF high-affinity binding sites,and associated phenotype in adult DRG neurons. Eur J Neurosci, 2003, 18(6):1535-1548.
16. Shimazu K, Zhao M, Sakata K, et al. NT-3 facilitates hippocampal plasticity and learning and memory by regulating neurogenesis. Learn Mem, 2006, 13(3):307-315.
17. 龔非力. 醫學免疫學. 3版. 北京:科學出版社, 2009:118-124.
18. Cui Q, Lu Q, So KF, et al. CNTF, not other trophic factors, promotes axonal regeneration of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult hamsters. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 1999, 40(3):760-766.
19. 李寶成. bFGF 復合翻轉靜脈神經導管修復大鼠周圍神經缺損的實驗研究. 包頭醫學院學報, 2012, 28(6):14-15.
20. 王曉亮, 楊朝陽, 李曉光, 等. 應用人工神經修復大鼠坐骨神經損傷的實驗研究. 中國康復理論與實踐, 2012, 18(6):535-538.
21. Omura T, Sano M, Omura K, et al. Different expressions of BDNF, NT3 and NT4 in muscle and nerve after various types of peripheral nerve injuries. J Peripher Nerv Syst, 2005, 10(3):293-300.
22. Campana WM. Schwann cells:activated peripheral glia and their role in neuropathic pain. Brain Behav Immun, 2007, 21(5):522-527.
23. Koriyama Y, Homma K, Sugitani K, et al. Upregulation of IGF-I in the gold fish retinal ganglion cells during the early stage of optic nerve regeneration. Neurochem Int, 2007, 50(5):749-756.
24. Sherer TB, Fiske BK, Svendsen CN, et al. Crossroads in GDNF therapy for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord, 2006, 21(2):136-141.
25. 劉萍, 涂彧. 表皮生長因子在新生大鼠神經干細胞培養中的作用. 蘇州大學學報:醫學版, 2010, 30(2):310-312.
26. Campana WM, Li X, Shubayev VI, et al. Erythropoietin reduces Schwann cell TNF-alpha,Wallerian degeneration and pain-related behaviors after peripheral nerveinjury. Eur J Neurosci, 2006, 23(3): 617-626.
27. Setton-Avruj CP, Musolino PL, Salis C, et al. Presence of alphaglobin mRNA and migration of bone marrow cells after sciatic nerve injury suggests their participation in the degeneration/regeneration process. Exp Neurol, 2007, 203(2):568-578.
28. Gray M, Palispis W, Popovich PG, et al. Macrophage depletion alters the blood-nerve barrier without affecting Schwann cell function after neural injury. J Neurosci Res, 2007, 85(4):766-777.
29. Santana MA, Esquivel-Guadarrama F. Cell biology of T cell activation and difierentiation. Int Rev Cytol, 2006, 250:217-274.
30. 黃恒, 沈若武, 季愛玉, 等. 大鼠坐骨神經損傷修復后Thl/Th2細胞因子的表達. 青島大學醫學院學報, 2012, 48(2):108-110.
31. Ruohonen S, Jagodi M, Khademi M, et al. Contralateral nonoperated nerve to transected rat sciatic nerve shows increased expression of IL-1beta, TGF-beta1, TNF-alpha, and IL-10. J Neuroimmunol, 2002, 132(1-2):11-17.
32. Nishida T, Yanal R. Advances in treatment for neurotrophic keratopathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2009, 20(4):276-281.
33. Misawa S, Kuwahara S, Mori M, et al. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Neurology, 2001, 56(5):666-669.
34. 熊革, 王炎, 童德迪, 等. 免疫抑制劑對人鼠坐骨神經損傷修復后細胞因子表達的影響. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2006, 20(12): 1163-1167.
35. Wirjatijasa F, Dehghani F, Blaheta RA, et al. Interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and intcrleukin-l-receptor antagonist but not transforming growth factor-beta induce ramification and reduce adhesion molecule expression of rat microglial cells. J Neurosci Res, 2002, 68(5):579-587.
36. 楊峰, 曲巍. FK506在周圍神經損傷修復中的研究進展. 實用手外科雜志, 2011, 25(1):52-55.
37. Li X, Wang W, Wei G, et al. Immunophilin FK506 loaded inchitosan guide promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. Biotechnol Lett, 2010, 32(9):1333-1337.
38. 董陽, 沈若武, 季愛玉, 等. 環磷酰胺對大鼠坐骨神經損傷后NGF 表達影響. 青島大學醫學院學報, 2013, 49(3):216-218.
39. 王琳, 馬玉林. 枸杞多糖對大鼠坐骨神經損傷修復后影響的實驗研究. 寧夏醫學雜志, 2005, 26(5):264-266.
40. Li WW, Le Goascogne C, Schumacher M, et al. Type 2 deiodinase in the peripheral nervous system:induction in the sciatic nerve after injury. Neuroscience, 2001, 107(3):507-518.
41. 李敏, 祖衡兵. 雄激素在神經退行性疾病中的神經保護作用. 腦與神經疾病雜志, 2012, 20(5):396-397.
42. Yu HJ, Fei J, Chen XS, et al. Progesterone attenuates neurological behavioral deficits of experimental autoimmune encephalolnyelitis through remyelination with nuclessublocalized olig1 protein. Neurosci Lett, 2010, 476(1):42-45.
43. Lanlua P, Decorti F, Gangula PR, et al. Female steroid hormones modulate receptors for nerve growth factor in rat dorsal root ganglia. Biol Reprod, 2001, 64(1):331-338.
44. Mohammadi R, Yadegarazadi MJ, Amini K. Peripheral nerve regeneration following transection injury to rat sciatic nerve by local application of adrenocorticotropic hormone. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2014, 42(6):784-789.
45. Xu QG, Li XQ, Kotecha SA, et al. Insulin as an in vivo growth factor. Exp Neurol, 2004, 188(1):43-51.
46. Li M, Guo W, Zhang P, et al. Signal flow and pathways in response to early Wallerian degeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury. Neurosci Lett, 2013, 536:56-63.
47. Smith D, Tweed C, Fernyhough P, et al. Nuclear-factor kappaB activation in axons and Schwann cells in experimental sciatic nerve in jury and its role in modulating axon regeneration:studies with etanercept. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 2009, 68(6):691-700.
48. Wang Y, Kawamura N, Schmelzer JD, et al. Decreased peripheral nerve damage after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice lacking TNF-alpha. J Neurol Sci, 2008, 267(1-2):107-111.
49. Andorfer B, Kieseier BC, Mathey E, et al. Expression and distribution of transcription factor NF-kappaB and inhibitor IkappaB in the inflamed peripheral nervous system. J Neuroimmunol, 2001, 116(2): 226-232.
50. Cho Y, Cavalli V. HDAC5 is a novel injury-regulated tubulin deacetylase controlling axon regeneration. EMBO J, 2012, 31(14): 3063-3078.
51. Castro C, Kuffler DP. Membrane-bound CSPG mediates growth cone outgrowth and substrate specificity by Schwann cell contact with the DRG neuron cell body and not via growth cone contact. Exp Neurol, 2006, 200(1):19-25.
52. López-Vales R, Navarro X, Shimizu T, et al. Intracellular phospholipase A2 group IVA and group VIA play important roles in Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Brain, 2008, 131(Pt 10):2620-2631.
53. H?ke A. Mechanisms of disease:what factors limit the success of peripheral nerve regeneration in humans? Nat Clin Pract Neurol, 2006, 2(8):448-454.

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RESEARCH PROGRESS OF MICROENVIRONMENT FOR TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS INJURIES

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