LATEST PROGRESS ON MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURE_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

LIUZhongyu ,  RONGLimin

Department of Spine Surgery, 3.rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

RONGLimin, Email: ronglimin@21cn.com

Keywords：

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; Minimally invasive technology; Research progress

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20140117

Video：

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Objective To review the latest progress in minimally invasive treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Methods Relevant literature on minimally invasive treatment of OVCF was reviewed, different minimally invasive technologies were analyzed, compared, and future prospected. Results There are various minimally invasive technologies for treatment of OVCF to aim at analgesia, deformity correction, and vertebral stabilization, thus improving the patients' quality of life. Percutaneous vertebroplasty as the classical technology has a good effectiveness on analgesia, while percutaneous kyphoplasty has a better performance in vertebral height restoration and a lower complication of cement leakage. Obvious deformity correction can be achieved by skyphoplasty, with a risk of endplate damage and uncertain vertebral height maintenance. With OptiMesh vertebroplasty, physiological environment within the fractured vertebra is less likely to be disturbed, but paravertebral tissues are more vulnerable due to a bigger working cannal. Compared with traditional bone cement, Cortoss has advantages of less toxicity, less heat release, and proper stiffness. In addition, the combination use of different minimally invasive technologies has greatly extended the surgical indications of OVCF and improved the success rate. Conclusion Minimally invasive treatment of OVCF is becoming more safety and efficacy with the development of new material and technology, however, further studies are required for quality confirmation and better improvement.

Citation： LIUZhongyu, RONGLimin. LATEST PROGRESS ON MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURE. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2014, 28(4): 522-526. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20140117 Copy

1.	Mckiernan FE. The broadening spectrum of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Skeletal Radiol, 2009, 38(4):303-308.
2.	Varga PP, Bors IB, Lazáry á. Orthopedic treatment of vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis. Orv Hetil, 2011, 152(33):1328-1336.
3.	Kim DH, Silber JS, Albert TJ. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Instr Course Lect, 2003, 52:541-550.
4.	Kim DH, Vaccaro AR. Osteoporotic compression fractures of the spine; current options and considerations for treatment. Spine J, 2006, 6(5):479-487.
5.	徐耀寧, 鄭秋堅, 昌耘冰, 等. 經皮椎體后凸成形術治療骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的進展. 中國骨科臨床與基礎研究雜志, 2012, 4(4):300-307.
6.	Galibert P, Deramond H, Rosat P, et al. Preliminary note on the treatment of vertebral angioma by percutaneous acrylic vertebroplasty. Neurochirurgie, 1987, 33(2):166-168.
7.	Chen LH, Lai PL, Chen WJ. Current status of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fracture. Chang Gung Med J, 2011, 34(4):352-359.
8.	Buchbinder R, Osborne RH, Ebeling PR, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(6):557-568.
9.	Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic spinal fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(6):569-579.
10.	Lotz JC. Trials of vertebroplasty for vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(21):2098-2100.
11.	Aebi M. Vertebroplasty:about sense and nonsense of uncontrolled "controlled randomized prospective trials". Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(9):1247-1248.
12.	Klazen CA, Lohle PN, de Vries J, et al. Vertebroplasty versus conservative treatment in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (Vertos II):an open-label randomised trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9746):1085-1092.
13.	葛建忠, 張慧東, 靳文劍, 等. CT引導單側椎體成形術治療老年骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折. 中國骨傷, 2011, 24(10):824-827.
14.	練輝, 陳德基, 何明基, 等. 側臥位行經皮椎體成形術治療骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的臨床研究. 中國介入影像與治療學, 2007, 4(6):466-469.
15.	胡繼軍, 田全良, 王松, 等. PKP與過伸復位加PVP治療新鮮骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的比較. 內蒙古中醫藥, 2013, 32(5):93.
16.	尹立剛, 唐炳魁. 手法復位配合經皮穿刺椎體成形術治療老年骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的近期療效觀察. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2011, 19(16):1344-1345.
17.	Deen HG. Current status of percutaneous vertebral augmentation techniques for vertebral compression fractures. Neurol Neurochir Pol, 2006, 40(4):320-326.
18.	Uppin AA, Hirsch JA, Centenera LV, et al. Occurrence of new vertebral body fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. Radiology, 2003, 226(1):119-124.
19.	Laredo JD, Hamze B. Complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty and their prevention. Skeletal Radiol, 2004, 33(9):493-505.
20.	Zou J, Mei X, Zhu X, et al. The long-term incidence of subsequent vertebral body fracture after vertebral augmentation therapy:a systemic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician, 2012, 15(4):E515-522.
21.	Shi MM, Cai XZ, Lin T, et al. Is there really no benefit of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012, 470(10):2785-2799.
22.	Papanastassiou ID, Phillips FM, Van Meirhaeghe J, et al. Comparing effects of kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty, and non-surgical management in a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized controlled studies. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(9):1826-1843.
23.	Chosa K, Naito A, Awai K. Newly developed compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty:comparison with conservative treatment. Jpn J Radiol, 2011, 29(5):335-341.
24.	Xing D, Ma JX, Ma XL, et al. A meta-analysis of balloon kyphoplasty compared to percutaneous vertebroplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. J Clin Neurosci, 2013, 20(6):795-803.
25.	Ma XL, Xing D, Ma JX, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:grading the evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(9):1844-1859.
26.	紀昌賓, 鄭修軍, 柳翔云, 等. PKP治療陳舊性骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的效果. 青島大學醫學院學報, 2013, 49(5):451-452.
27.	Sigaux J, Guignard S, Tuilier T, et al. Efficacity and feasibility of vertebroplasty for severe vertebral fracture:A retrospective study of 12 vertebroplasties. Joint Bone Spine, 2013, 80(3):328-331.
28.	Zhang HT, Sun ZY, Zhu XY, et al. Kyphoplasty for the treatment of very severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. J Int Med Res, 2012, 40(6):2394-2400.
29.	王建, 張年春, 劉杰, 等. 單側入路經皮椎體后凸成形術治療重度骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2009, 23(1):68-71.
30.	Radcliff KE, Reitman CA, Delasotta LA, et al. Pulmonary cement embolization after kyphoplasty:a case report and review of the literature. Spine J, 2010, 10(10):e1-e5.
31.	Kim KH, Kuh SU, Chin DK, et al. Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty:restoration of vertebral body height and correction of kyphotic deformity with special attention to the shape of the fractured vertebrae. J Spinal Disord Tech, 2012, 25(6):338-344.
32.	Zhang JD, Poffyn B, Sys G, et al. Comparison of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for complications. Orthop Surg, 2011, 3(3):158-160.
33.	Garnier L, Tonetti J, Bodin A, et al. Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty in osteoporotic thoracolumbar spine fractures. Short-term retrospective review of a multicentre cohort of 127 consecutive patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2012, 98(6 Suppl):S112-119.
34.	Han S, Wan S, Ning L, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty versus balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:a meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Int Orthop, 2011, 35(9):1349-1358.
35.	Frankel BM, Monroe T, Wang C. Percutaneous vertebral augmentation:an elevation in adjacent-level fracture risk in kyphoplasty as compared with vertebroplasty. Spine J, 2007, 7(5):575-582.
36.	Fribourg D, Tang C, Sra P, et al. Incidence of subsequent vertebral fracture after kyphoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(20):2270-2277.
37.	Anderson PA, Froyshteter AB, Tontz WL Jr. Meta-analysis of vertebral augmentation compared with conservative treatment for osteoporotic spinal fractures. J Bone Miner Res, 2013, 28(2):372-382.
38.	林春陽, 遇呈祥, 陳亮, 等. 椎體后凸成形術與保守治療骨質疏松性脊柱骨折的對比研究. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2011, 25(3):303-306.
39.	Mccullough BJ, Comstock BA, Deyo RA, et al. Major medical outcomes with spinal augmentation vs conservative therapy. JAMA Intern Med, 2013, 173(16):1514-1521.
40.	Svedbom A, Alvares L, Cooper C, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty compared to vertebroplasty and nonsurgical management in patients hospitalised with acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:a UK cost-effectiveness analysis. Osteoporos Int, 2013, 24(1):355-367.
41.	Staples MP, Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, et al. Effectiveness of vertebroplasty using individual patient data from two randomised placebo controlled trials:meta-analysis. BMJ, 2011, 343:d3952.
42.	李大剛, 蘇培基, 陳敢峰, 等. 椎體成形和椎體后凸成形治療骨質疏松性椎體壓縮骨折的Meta分析. 中國組織工程研究, 2012, 16(4):713-716.
43.	鄭若昆, 胡李輝, 汪賀軒, 等. 椎體成形術治療椎體壓縮骨折的薈萃分析. 中醫學報, 2012, 27(5):554-559.
44.	文朝, 潘會琴, 鐘秀紅, 等. PVP與PKP治療胸腰椎壓縮性骨折療效比較的Meta分析. 實用骨科雜志, 2012, 18(9):776-780.
45.	史建國, 桑慶華. 經皮椎體成形和經皮椎體后凸成形治療國人胸腰椎壓縮性骨折療效及安全性的Meta分析. 中國組織工程研究與臨床康復, 2011, 15(26):4809-4812.
46.	Liu JB, Tang XM, Xu NW, et al. Preliminary results for the treatment of a pain-causing osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with a Sky Bone Expander. Korean J Radiol, 2008, 9(5):420-425.
47.	鄭召民, 鄺冠明, 董智勇, 等. 球囊骨擴張器與Sky骨擴張器在經皮椎體后凸成形術中應用的比較研究. 中華外科雜志, 2006, 44(24):1667-1671.
48.	Foo LS, Yeo W, Fook S, et al. Results, experience and technical points learnt with use of the SKy Bone Expander kyphoplasty system for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures:a prospective study of 40 patients with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Eur Spine J, 2007, 16(11):1944-1950.
49.	Folman Y, Shabat S. A comparison of two new technologies for percutaneous vertebral augmentation:confidence vertebroplasty vs. sky kyphoplasty. Isr Med Assoc J, 2011, 13(7):394-397.
50.	Lam S, Khoo LT. A novel percutaneous system for bone graft delivery and containment for elevation and stabilization of vertebral compression fractures. Technical note. Neurosurg Focus, 2005, 18(3):e10.
51.	Inamasu J, Guiot BH, Uribe JS. Flexion-distraction injury of the L₁ vertebra treated with short-segment posterior fixation and Optimesh. J Clin Neurosci, 2008, 15(2):214-218.
52.	Belkoff SM, Molloy S. Temperature measurement during polymerization of polymethylmethacrylate cement used for vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(14):1555-1559.
53.	Belkoff SM, Mathis JM, Erbe EM, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of a new bone cement for use in vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2000, 25(9):1061-1064.
54.	Bae H, Hatten HP Jr, Linovitz R, et al. A prospective randomized FDA-IDE trial comparing Cortoss with PMMA for vertebroplasty:a comparative effectiveness research study with 24-month follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(7):544-550.
55.	Gu Y, Zhang F, Jiang X, et al. Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporosis fracture. J Neurosurg Spine, 2013, 18(6):634-640.

1. Mckiernan FE. The broadening spectrum of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Skeletal Radiol, 2009, 38(4):303-308.
2. Varga PP, Bors IB, Lazáry á. Orthopedic treatment of vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis. Orv Hetil, 2011, 152(33):1328-1336.
3. Kim DH, Silber JS, Albert TJ. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Instr Course Lect, 2003, 52:541-550.
4. Kim DH, Vaccaro AR. Osteoporotic compression fractures of the spine; current options and considerations for treatment. Spine J, 2006, 6(5):479-487.
5. 徐耀寧, 鄭秋堅, 昌耘冰, 等. 經皮椎體后凸成形術治療骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的進展. 中國骨科臨床與基礎研究雜志, 2012, 4(4):300-307.
6. Galibert P, Deramond H, Rosat P, et al. Preliminary note on the treatment of vertebral angioma by percutaneous acrylic vertebroplasty. Neurochirurgie, 1987, 33(2):166-168.
7. Chen LH, Lai PL, Chen WJ. Current status of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fracture. Chang Gung Med J, 2011, 34(4):352-359.
8. Buchbinder R, Osborne RH, Ebeling PR, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(6):557-568.
9. Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic spinal fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(6):569-579.
10. Lotz JC. Trials of vertebroplasty for vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(21):2098-2100.
11. Aebi M. Vertebroplasty:about sense and nonsense of uncontrolled "controlled randomized prospective trials". Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(9):1247-1248.
12. Klazen CA, Lohle PN, de Vries J, et al. Vertebroplasty versus conservative treatment in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (Vertos II):an open-label randomised trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9746):1085-1092.
13. 葛建忠, 張慧東, 靳文劍, 等. CT引導單側椎體成形術治療老年骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折. 中國骨傷, 2011, 24(10):824-827.
14. 練輝, 陳德基, 何明基, 等. 側臥位行經皮椎體成形術治療骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的臨床研究. 中國介入影像與治療學, 2007, 4(6):466-469.
15. 胡繼軍, 田全良, 王松, 等. PKP與過伸復位加PVP治療新鮮骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的比較. 內蒙古中醫藥, 2013, 32(5):93.
16. 尹立剛, 唐炳魁. 手法復位配合經皮穿刺椎體成形術治療老年骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的近期療效觀察. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2011, 19(16):1344-1345.
17. Deen HG. Current status of percutaneous vertebral augmentation techniques for vertebral compression fractures. Neurol Neurochir Pol, 2006, 40(4):320-326.
18. Uppin AA, Hirsch JA, Centenera LV, et al. Occurrence of new vertebral body fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. Radiology, 2003, 226(1):119-124.
19. Laredo JD, Hamze B. Complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty and their prevention. Skeletal Radiol, 2004, 33(9):493-505.
20. Zou J, Mei X, Zhu X, et al. The long-term incidence of subsequent vertebral body fracture after vertebral augmentation therapy:a systemic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician, 2012, 15(4):E515-522.
21. Shi MM, Cai XZ, Lin T, et al. Is there really no benefit of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012, 470(10):2785-2799.
22. Papanastassiou ID, Phillips FM, Van Meirhaeghe J, et al. Comparing effects of kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty, and non-surgical management in a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized controlled studies. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(9):1826-1843.
23. Chosa K, Naito A, Awai K. Newly developed compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty:comparison with conservative treatment. Jpn J Radiol, 2011, 29(5):335-341.
24. Xing D, Ma JX, Ma XL, et al. A meta-analysis of balloon kyphoplasty compared to percutaneous vertebroplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. J Clin Neurosci, 2013, 20(6):795-803.
25. Ma XL, Xing D, Ma JX, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:grading the evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(9):1844-1859.
26. 紀昌賓, 鄭修軍, 柳翔云, 等. PKP治療陳舊性骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折的效果. 青島大學醫學院學報, 2013, 49(5):451-452.
27. Sigaux J, Guignard S, Tuilier T, et al. Efficacity and feasibility of vertebroplasty for severe vertebral fracture:A retrospective study of 12 vertebroplasties. Joint Bone Spine, 2013, 80(3):328-331.
28. Zhang HT, Sun ZY, Zhu XY, et al. Kyphoplasty for the treatment of very severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. J Int Med Res, 2012, 40(6):2394-2400.
29. 王建, 張年春, 劉杰, 等. 單側入路經皮椎體后凸成形術治療重度骨質疏松椎體壓縮性骨折. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2009, 23(1):68-71.
30. Radcliff KE, Reitman CA, Delasotta LA, et al. Pulmonary cement embolization after kyphoplasty:a case report and review of the literature. Spine J, 2010, 10(10):e1-e5.
31. Kim KH, Kuh SU, Chin DK, et al. Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty:restoration of vertebral body height and correction of kyphotic deformity with special attention to the shape of the fractured vertebrae. J Spinal Disord Tech, 2012, 25(6):338-344.
32. Zhang JD, Poffyn B, Sys G, et al. Comparison of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for complications. Orthop Surg, 2011, 3(3):158-160.
33. Garnier L, Tonetti J, Bodin A, et al. Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty in osteoporotic thoracolumbar spine fractures. Short-term retrospective review of a multicentre cohort of 127 consecutive patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2012, 98(6 Suppl):S112-119.
34. Han S, Wan S, Ning L, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty versus balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:a meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Int Orthop, 2011, 35(9):1349-1358.
35. Frankel BM, Monroe T, Wang C. Percutaneous vertebral augmentation:an elevation in adjacent-level fracture risk in kyphoplasty as compared with vertebroplasty. Spine J, 2007, 7(5):575-582.
36. Fribourg D, Tang C, Sra P, et al. Incidence of subsequent vertebral fracture after kyphoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2004, 29(20):2270-2277.
37. Anderson PA, Froyshteter AB, Tontz WL Jr. Meta-analysis of vertebral augmentation compared with conservative treatment for osteoporotic spinal fractures. J Bone Miner Res, 2013, 28(2):372-382.
38. 林春陽, 遇呈祥, 陳亮, 等. 椎體后凸成形術與保守治療骨質疏松性脊柱骨折的對比研究. 中國修復重建外科雜志, 2011, 25(3):303-306.
39. Mccullough BJ, Comstock BA, Deyo RA, et al. Major medical outcomes with spinal augmentation vs conservative therapy. JAMA Intern Med, 2013, 173(16):1514-1521.
40. Svedbom A, Alvares L, Cooper C, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty compared to vertebroplasty and nonsurgical management in patients hospitalised with acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:a UK cost-effectiveness analysis. Osteoporos Int, 2013, 24(1):355-367.
41. Staples MP, Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, et al. Effectiveness of vertebroplasty using individual patient data from two randomised placebo controlled trials:meta-analysis. BMJ, 2011, 343:d3952.
42. 李大剛, 蘇培基, 陳敢峰, 等. 椎體成形和椎體后凸成形治療骨質疏松性椎體壓縮骨折的Meta分析. 中國組織工程研究, 2012, 16(4):713-716.
43. 鄭若昆, 胡李輝, 汪賀軒, 等. 椎體成形術治療椎體壓縮骨折的薈萃分析. 中醫學報, 2012, 27(5):554-559.
44. 文朝, 潘會琴, 鐘秀紅, 等. PVP與PKP治療胸腰椎壓縮性骨折療效比較的Meta分析. 實用骨科雜志, 2012, 18(9):776-780.
45. 史建國, 桑慶華. 經皮椎體成形和經皮椎體后凸成形治療國人胸腰椎壓縮性骨折療效及安全性的Meta分析. 中國組織工程研究與臨床康復, 2011, 15(26):4809-4812.
46. Liu JB, Tang XM, Xu NW, et al. Preliminary results for the treatment of a pain-causing osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with a Sky Bone Expander. Korean J Radiol, 2008, 9(5):420-425.
47. 鄭召民, 鄺冠明, 董智勇, 等. 球囊骨擴張器與Sky骨擴張器在經皮椎體后凸成形術中應用的比較研究. 中華外科雜志, 2006, 44(24):1667-1671.
48. Foo LS, Yeo W, Fook S, et al. Results, experience and technical points learnt with use of the SKy Bone Expander kyphoplasty system for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures:a prospective study of 40 patients with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Eur Spine J, 2007, 16(11):1944-1950.
49. Folman Y, Shabat S. A comparison of two new technologies for percutaneous vertebral augmentation:confidence vertebroplasty vs. sky kyphoplasty. Isr Med Assoc J, 2011, 13(7):394-397.
50. Lam S, Khoo LT. A novel percutaneous system for bone graft delivery and containment for elevation and stabilization of vertebral compression fractures. Technical note. Neurosurg Focus, 2005, 18(3):e10.
51. Inamasu J, Guiot BH, Uribe JS. Flexion-distraction injury of the L₁ vertebra treated with short-segment posterior fixation and Optimesh. J Clin Neurosci, 2008, 15(2):214-218.
52. Belkoff SM, Molloy S. Temperature measurement during polymerization of polymethylmethacrylate cement used for vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2003, 28(14):1555-1559.
53. Belkoff SM, Mathis JM, Erbe EM, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of a new bone cement for use in vertebroplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2000, 25(9):1061-1064.
54. Bae H, Hatten HP Jr, Linovitz R, et al. A prospective randomized FDA-IDE trial comparing Cortoss with PMMA for vertebroplasty:a comparative effectiveness research study with 24-month follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(7):544-550.
55. Gu Y, Zhang F, Jiang X, et al. Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporosis fracture. J Neurosurg Spine, 2013, 18(6):634-640.

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LATEST PROGRESS ON MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURE

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