RESEARCH PROGRESS OF SECONDARY FRACTURE OF ADJACENT VERTEBRAL BODY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS VERTEBROPLASTY AND PERCUTANEOUS KYPHOPLASTY_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

ZHU Kun , ZHANG Changchun , SHAO Chen.

Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, 233000, P.R.China. Corresponding author: ZHANG Changchun, E-mail: zccanhui@sina.com;

Corresponding?author：

Keywords：

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; Percutaneous vertebroplasty; Percutaneous kyphoplasty; Secondary fracture of adjacent vertebral body

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20130083

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Objective To summarize the research progress of secondary fracture of adjacent vertebral body after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). Methods Recent literature concerning PVP and PKP was extensively reviewed and summarized. Results The main reasons of secondary fracture of adjacent vertebral body after PVP and PKP are the natural process of osteoporosis, the initial fracture type, the bone cement, the surgical approach, the bone mineral density, and other factors. Conclusion Secondary fracture of adjacent vertebral body after PVP and PKP is a challenge for the clinician, a variety of factors need to be suficiently considered and be confirmed by a lot of basic and clinical epidemiological studies.

Citation： ZHU Kun,ZHANG Changchun,SHAO Chen.. RESEARCH PROGRESS OF SECONDARY FRACTURE OF ADJACENT VERTEBRAL BODY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS VERTEBROPLASTY AND PERCUTANEOUS KYPHOPLASTY. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2013, 27(3): 369-373. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20130083 Copy

1.	Campbell PG, Harrop JS. Incidence of fracture in adjacent levels in patients treated with balloon kyphoplasty: a review of the literature. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2008, 1(1): 61-64.
2.	Furtado N, Oakland RJ, Wilcox RK, et al. A biomechanical investigation of vertebroplasty in osteoporotic compression fractures and in prophylactic vertebral reinforcement. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007, 32(17): E480-487.
3.	Lin H, Bao LH, Zhu XF, et al. Analysis of recurrent fracture of a new vertebral body after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. Orthop Surg, 2010, 2(2): 119-123.
4.	Hierholzer J, Fuchs H, Westphalen K, et al. Incidence of symptomatic vertebral fractures in patients after percutaneous vertebroplasty. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2008, 31(6): 1178-1183.
5.	Lin WC, Cheng TT, Lee YC, et al. New vertebral osteoporotic compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty: retrospective analysis of risk factors. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2008, 19(2 Pt 1): 225-231.
6.	Oakland RJ, Furtado NR, Wilcox RK, et al. The biomechanical effectiveness of prophylactic vertebroplasty: a dynamic cadaveric study. J Neurosurg Spine, 2008, 8(5): 442-449.
7.	Klazen CA, Venmans A, de Vries J, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is not a risk factor for new osteoporotic compression fractures: results from VERTOS II. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2010, 31(8): 1447-1450.
8.	Lee KA, Hong SJ, Lee S, et al. Analysis of adjacent fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty: does intradiscal cement leakage really increase the risk of adjacent vertebral fracture? Skeletal Radiol, 2011, 40(12): 1537-1542.
9.	Pitton MB, Herber S, Bletz C, et al. CT-guided vertebroplasty in osteoprotic vertebral fractures: incidence of secondary fractures and impact of intradiscal cement leakages during follow-up. Eur Radiol, 2008, 18(1): 43-50.
10.	Boger A, Heini P, Windolf M, et al. Adjacent vertebral failure after vertebroplasty: a biomechanical study of low-modulus PMMA cement. Eur Spine J, 2007, 16(12): 2118-2125.
11.	Gilula L, Persenaire M. Subsequent fractures post-vertebral augmentation: analysis of a prospective randomized trial in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2012. [Epub ahead of print].
12.	Dickey BT, Tyndyk MA, Doman DA, et al. In silico evaluation of stress distribution after vertebral body augmentation with conventional acrylics, composites and glass polyalkenoate cements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2012, 5(1): 283-290.
13.	Rauschmann M, Vogl T, Verheyden A, et al. Bioceramic vertebral augmentation with a calcium sulphate/hydroxyapatite composite (Cerament SpineSupport): in vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis. Eur Spine J, 2010, 19(6): 887-892.
14.	Zhang L, Yang G, Wu L, et al. The biomechanical effects of osteoporosis vertebral augmentation with cancellous bone granules or bone cement on treated and adjacent non-treated vertebral bodies: a finite element evaluation. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2010, 25(2): 166-172.
15.	Nouda S, Tomita S, Kin A, et al. Adjacent vertebral body fracture following vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate or calcium phosphate cement: biomechanical evaluation of the cadaveric spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(24): 2613-2618.
16.	Ahn Y, Lee JH, Lee HY, et al. Predictive factors for subsequent vertebral fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Neurosurg Spine, 2008, 9(2): 129-136.
17.	Kim JH, Yoo SH, Kim JH. Long-term follow-up of percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporotic compression fracture: minimum of 5 years follow-up. Asian Spine J, 2012, 6(1): 6-14.
18.	Jin YJ, Yoon SH, Park KW, et al. The volumetric analysis of cement in vertebroplasty: relationship with clinical outcome and complications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011, 36(12): E761-772.
19.	Li YA, Lin CL, Chang MC, et al. Subsequent vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty: incidence and analysis of risk factors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(3): 179-183.
20.	Moon ES, Kim HS, Park JO, et al. The incidence of new vertebral compression fractures in women after kyphoplasty and factors involved. Yonsei Med J, 2007, 48(4): 645-652.
21.	Sun YC, Teng MM, Yuan WS, et al. Risk of post-vertebroplasty fracture in adjacent vertebral bodies appears correlated with the morphologic extent of bone cement. J Chin Med Assoc, 2011, 74(8): 357-362.
22.	Rho YJ, Choe WJ, Chun YI. Risk factors predicting the new symptomatic vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(5): 905-911.
23.	Komemushi A, Tanigawa N, Kariya S, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fracture: multivariate study of predictors of new vertebral body fracture. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2006, 29(4): 580-585.
24.	Al-Ali F, Barrow T, Luke K. Vertebroplasty: what is important and what is not. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2009, 30(10): 1835-1839.
25.	Pitton MB, Herber S, Koch U, et al. CT-guided vertebroplasty: analysis of technical results, extraosseous cement leakages, and complications in 500 procedures. Eur Radiol, 2008, 18(11): 2568-2578.
26.	Röllinghoff M, Zarghooni K, Dargel J, et al. The present role of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in the treatment of fresh vertebral compression fractures. Minerva Chir, 2010, 65(4): 429-437.
27.	Movrin I, Vengust R, Komadina R. Adjacent vertebral fractures after percutaneous vertebral augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a comparison of balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2010, 130(9): 1157-1166.
28.	Mudano AS, Bian J, Cope JU, et al. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are associated with an increased risk of secondary vertebral compression fractures: a population-based cohort study. Osteoporos Int, 2009, 20(5): 819-826.
29.	Hadley C, Awan OA, Zoarski GH. Biomechanics of vertebral bone augmentation. Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 2010, 20(2): 159-167.
30.	Tanigawa N, Kariya S, Komemushi A, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fractures: long-term evaluation of the technical and clinical outcomes. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2011, 196(6): 1415-1418.
31.	Fahim DK, Sun K, Tawackoli W, et al. Premature adjacent vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty: a biomechanical study. Neurosurgery, 2011, 69(3): 733-744.
32.	DePalma MJ, Ketchum JM, Frankel BM, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the nonagenarians: a prospective study evaluating pain reduction and new symptomatic fracture rate. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011, 36(4): 277-282.
33.	Frankel BM, Monroe T, Wang C. Percutaneous vertebral augmentation: an elevation in adjacent-level fracture risk in kyphoplasty as compared with vertebroplasty. Spine J, 2007, 7(5): 575-582.
34.	Knavel EM, Rad AE, Thielen KR, et al. Clinical outcomes with hemivertebral filling during percutaneous vertebroplasty. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2009, 30(3): 496-499.
35.	Yang T, Liu S, Lv X, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty for acute osteoporotic compression fractures. Interv Neuroradiol, 2010, 16(1): 65-70.
36.	Dabirrahmani D, Becker S, Hogg M, et al. Mechanical variables affecting balloon kyphoplasty outcome—a finite element study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2012, 15(3): 211-220.
37.	Robinson Y, Tschöke SK, Stahel PF, et al. Complications and safety aspects of kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a prospective follow-up study in 102 consecutive patients. Patient Saf Surg, 2008, 2: 2.
38.	Aquarius R, Homminga J, Verdonschot N, et al. The fracture risk of adjacent vertebrae is increased by the changed loading direction after a wedge fracture. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011, 36(6): E408-412.
39.	Lu K, Liang CL, Hsieh CH, et al. Risk factors of subsequent vertebral compression fractures after vertebroplasty. Pain Med, 2012, 13(3): 376-382.
40.	Kim MH, Lee AS, Min SH, et al. Risk factors of new compression fractures in adjacent vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty. Asian Spine J, 2011, 5(3): 180-187.
41.	Korovessis P, Zacharatos S, Repantis T, et al. Evolution of bone mineral density after percutaneous kyphoplasty in fresh osteoporotic vertebral body fractures and adjacent vertebrae along with sagittal spine alignment. J Spinal Disord Tech, 2008, 21(4): 293-298.
42.	Zafeiris CP, Lyritis GP, Papaioannou NA, et al. Hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor of subsequent vertebral fractures after kyphoplasty. Spine J, 2012, 12(4): 304-312.
43.	Tatsumi RL, Ching AC, Byrd GD, et al. Predictors and prevalence of patients undergoing additional kyphoplasty procedures after an initial kyphoplasty procedure. Spine J, 2010, 10(11): 979-986.

1. Campbell PG, Harrop JS. Incidence of fracture in adjacent levels in patients treated with balloon kyphoplasty: a review of the literature. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2008, 1(1): 61-64.
2. Furtado N, Oakland RJ, Wilcox RK, et al. A biomechanical investigation of vertebroplasty in osteoporotic compression fractures and in prophylactic vertebral reinforcement. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007, 32(17): E480-487.
3. Lin H, Bao LH, Zhu XF, et al. Analysis of recurrent fracture of a new vertebral body after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. Orthop Surg, 2010, 2(2): 119-123.
4. Hierholzer J, Fuchs H, Westphalen K, et al. Incidence of symptomatic vertebral fractures in patients after percutaneous vertebroplasty. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2008, 31(6): 1178-1183.
5. Lin WC, Cheng TT, Lee YC, et al. New vertebral osteoporotic compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty: retrospective analysis of risk factors. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2008, 19(2 Pt 1): 225-231.
6. Oakland RJ, Furtado NR, Wilcox RK, et al. The biomechanical effectiveness of prophylactic vertebroplasty: a dynamic cadaveric study. J Neurosurg Spine, 2008, 8(5): 442-449.
7. Klazen CA, Venmans A, de Vries J, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is not a risk factor for new osteoporotic compression fractures: results from VERTOS II. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2010, 31(8): 1447-1450.
8. Lee KA, Hong SJ, Lee S, et al. Analysis of adjacent fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty: does intradiscal cement leakage really increase the risk of adjacent vertebral fracture? Skeletal Radiol, 2011, 40(12): 1537-1542.
9. Pitton MB, Herber S, Bletz C, et al. CT-guided vertebroplasty in osteoprotic vertebral fractures: incidence of secondary fractures and impact of intradiscal cement leakages during follow-up. Eur Radiol, 2008, 18(1): 43-50.
10. Boger A, Heini P, Windolf M, et al. Adjacent vertebral failure after vertebroplasty: a biomechanical study of low-modulus PMMA cement. Eur Spine J, 2007, 16(12): 2118-2125.
11. Gilula L, Persenaire M. Subsequent fractures post-vertebral augmentation: analysis of a prospective randomized trial in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2012. [Epub ahead of print].
12. Dickey BT, Tyndyk MA, Doman DA, et al. In silico evaluation of stress distribution after vertebral body augmentation with conventional acrylics, composites and glass polyalkenoate cements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2012, 5(1): 283-290.
13. Rauschmann M, Vogl T, Verheyden A, et al. Bioceramic vertebral augmentation with a calcium sulphate/hydroxyapatite composite (Cerament SpineSupport): in vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis. Eur Spine J, 2010, 19(6): 887-892.
14. Zhang L, Yang G, Wu L, et al. The biomechanical effects of osteoporosis vertebral augmentation with cancellous bone granules or bone cement on treated and adjacent non-treated vertebral bodies: a finite element evaluation. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2010, 25(2): 166-172.
15. Nouda S, Tomita S, Kin A, et al. Adjacent vertebral body fracture following vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate or calcium phosphate cement: biomechanical evaluation of the cadaveric spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2009, 34(24): 2613-2618.
16. Ahn Y, Lee JH, Lee HY, et al. Predictive factors for subsequent vertebral fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Neurosurg Spine, 2008, 9(2): 129-136.
17. Kim JH, Yoo SH, Kim JH. Long-term follow-up of percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporotic compression fracture: minimum of 5 years follow-up. Asian Spine J, 2012, 6(1): 6-14.
18. Jin YJ, Yoon SH, Park KW, et al. The volumetric analysis of cement in vertebroplasty: relationship with clinical outcome and complications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011, 36(12): E761-772.
19. Li YA, Lin CL, Chang MC, et al. Subsequent vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty: incidence and analysis of risk factors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2012, 37(3): 179-183.
20. Moon ES, Kim HS, Park JO, et al. The incidence of new vertebral compression fractures in women after kyphoplasty and factors involved. Yonsei Med J, 2007, 48(4): 645-652.
21. Sun YC, Teng MM, Yuan WS, et al. Risk of post-vertebroplasty fracture in adjacent vertebral bodies appears correlated with the morphologic extent of bone cement. J Chin Med Assoc, 2011, 74(8): 357-362.
22. Rho YJ, Choe WJ, Chun YI. Risk factors predicting the new symptomatic vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(5): 905-911.
23. Komemushi A, Tanigawa N, Kariya S, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fracture: multivariate study of predictors of new vertebral body fracture. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2006, 29(4): 580-585.
24. Al-Ali F, Barrow T, Luke K. Vertebroplasty: what is important and what is not. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2009, 30(10): 1835-1839.
25. Pitton MB, Herber S, Koch U, et al. CT-guided vertebroplasty: analysis of technical results, extraosseous cement leakages, and complications in 500 procedures. Eur Radiol, 2008, 18(11): 2568-2578.
26. Röllinghoff M, Zarghooni K, Dargel J, et al. The present role of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in the treatment of fresh vertebral compression fractures. Minerva Chir, 2010, 65(4): 429-437.
27. Movrin I, Vengust R, Komadina R. Adjacent vertebral fractures after percutaneous vertebral augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a comparison of balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2010, 130(9): 1157-1166.
28. Mudano AS, Bian J, Cope JU, et al. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are associated with an increased risk of secondary vertebral compression fractures: a population-based cohort study. Osteoporos Int, 2009, 20(5): 819-826.
29. Hadley C, Awan OA, Zoarski GH. Biomechanics of vertebral bone augmentation. Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 2010, 20(2): 159-167.
30. Tanigawa N, Kariya S, Komemushi A, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fractures: long-term evaluation of the technical and clinical outcomes. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2011, 196(6): 1415-1418.
31. Fahim DK, Sun K, Tawackoli W, et al. Premature adjacent vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty: a biomechanical study. Neurosurgery, 2011, 69(3): 733-744.
32. DePalma MJ, Ketchum JM, Frankel BM, et al. Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the nonagenarians: a prospective study evaluating pain reduction and new symptomatic fracture rate. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011, 36(4): 277-282.
33. Frankel BM, Monroe T, Wang C. Percutaneous vertebral augmentation: an elevation in adjacent-level fracture risk in kyphoplasty as compared with vertebroplasty. Spine J, 2007, 7(5): 575-582.
34. Knavel EM, Rad AE, Thielen KR, et al. Clinical outcomes with hemivertebral filling during percutaneous vertebroplasty. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2009, 30(3): 496-499.
35. Yang T, Liu S, Lv X, et al. Balloon kyphoplasty for acute osteoporotic compression fractures. Interv Neuroradiol, 2010, 16(1): 65-70.
36. Dabirrahmani D, Becker S, Hogg M, et al. Mechanical variables affecting balloon kyphoplasty outcome—a finite element study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2012, 15(3): 211-220.
37. Robinson Y, Tschöke SK, Stahel PF, et al. Complications and safety aspects of kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a prospective follow-up study in 102 consecutive patients. Patient Saf Surg, 2008, 2: 2.
38. Aquarius R, Homminga J, Verdonschot N, et al. The fracture risk of adjacent vertebrae is increased by the changed loading direction after a wedge fracture. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2011, 36(6): E408-412.
39. Lu K, Liang CL, Hsieh CH, et al. Risk factors of subsequent vertebral compression fractures after vertebroplasty. Pain Med, 2012, 13(3): 376-382.
40. Kim MH, Lee AS, Min SH, et al. Risk factors of new compression fractures in adjacent vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty. Asian Spine J, 2011, 5(3): 180-187.
41. Korovessis P, Zacharatos S, Repantis T, et al. Evolution of bone mineral density after percutaneous kyphoplasty in fresh osteoporotic vertebral body fractures and adjacent vertebrae along with sagittal spine alignment. J Spinal Disord Tech, 2008, 21(4): 293-298.
42. Zafeiris CP, Lyritis GP, Papaioannou NA, et al. Hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor of subsequent vertebral fractures after kyphoplasty. Spine J, 2012, 12(4): 304-312.
43. Tatsumi RL, Ching AC, Byrd GD, et al. Predictors and prevalence of patients undergoing additional kyphoplasty procedures after an initial kyphoplasty procedure. Spine J, 2010, 10(11): 979-986.

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Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF SECONDARY FRACTURE OF ADJACENT VERTEBRAL BODY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS VERTEBROPLASTY AND PERCUTANEOUS KYPHOPLASTY

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