Investigation and analysis of difficulties in nosocomial infection management in medical institutions of Shanghai_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

GUO Jianing ¹ , GAO Xiaodong ² , SHI Qingfeng ² , WANG Yanting ³ ,  ZHANG Kun ⁴

1. Quality Management Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P. R. China;
2. Department of Hospital Infection Management, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China;
3. Nursing Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, P. R. China;
4. Shanghai Hospital Association, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

ZHANG Kun, Email: sh.yyxh@163.com

Keywords：

Medical institutions; nosocomial infection management; difficulty; professional title promotion; full-time personnel for nosocomial infection control

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202501190

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Objective To investigate and analyze the difficulties of nosocomial infection management in different-level medical institutions in Shanghai, and to provide scientific basis for improving the level of nosocomial infection management. Methods A questionnaire was designed to include 10 difficulties in nosocomial infection management such as professional title promotion, salary, and personnel allocation. In October 2023, the Shanghai Nosocomial Infection Quality Control Center, in collaboration with the Shanghai Hospital Association, conducted a questionnaire survey among the heads of nosocomial infection management departments in medical institutions in Shanghai. The scores of difficulties were analyzed by stratification according to hospital level, allocation and changes of full-time personnel. Results A total of 548 questionnaires were distributed, and 530 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with a recovery rate of 96.72%. There were 55 public tertiary, 93 public secondary, 169 public primary and 213 social medical institutions. The rates of full-time personnel allocation meeting standards were 76.36% (42/55), 72.04% (67/93), 31.95% (54/169), and 21.60% (46/213), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the rates of full-time personnel allocation meeting standards among different levels of medical institutions (χ²=105.149, P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in the total scores of nosocomial infection management difficulties among different-level medical institutions (F=1.657, P=0.176). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of difficulties in professional title promotion, cumbersome daily norms and requirements, insufficient allocation of full-time personnel, and high personnel turnover (P<0.05). Conclusions The main difficulties in nosocomial management of medical institutions at all levels in Shanghai include the difficulty in career promotion, cumbersome daily norms and requirements, insufficient allocation of full-time personnel and lack of experience. In the future, medical institutions should strengthen the allocation of full-time personnel and enhance their capabilities, provide smooth promotion channels, to promote the high-quality development of nosocomial infection management ultimately.

Citation： GUO Jianing, GAO Xiaodong, SHI Qingfeng, WANG Yanting, ZHANG Kun. Investigation and analysis of difficulties in nosocomial infection management in medical institutions of Shanghai. West China Medical Journal, 2025, 40(3): 406-411. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202501190 Copy

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2.	Lemiech-Mirowska E, Kiersnowska ZM, Michalkiewicz M, et al. Nosocomial infections as one of the most important problems of healthcare system. Ann Agric Environ Med, 2021, 28(3): 361-366.
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6.	楊亞紅, 張浩軍, 朱騰飛, 等. 甘肅省 44 家醫療機構醫院感染管理工作現狀調查. 中國護理管理, 2022, 22(2): 281-285.
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8.	國務院應對新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情聯防聯控機制綜合組. 關于進一步做好常態化疫情防控下醫療機構感染防控工作的通知. 中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會公報, 2020(12): 271-273.
9.	國務院應對新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情聯防聯控機制綜合組. 關于進一步加強醫療機構感控人員配備管理相關工作的通知. 中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會公報, 2021(8): 10-11.
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11.	石磊, 高曉東, 胡必杰, 等. 上海市醫院感染專職人員職稱晉升現狀調查. 中華醫院感染學雜志, 2022, 32(8): 1253-1256.
12.	Dhar S, Sandhu AL, Valyko A, et al. Strategies for effective infection prevention programs: structures, processes, and funding. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 2021, 35(3): 531-551.
13.	曾欣, 張慧, 李春燕, 等. 后疫情時代高校醫院感染管理人才培養初探. 現代預防醫學, 2022, 49(24): 4533-4536.
14.	喬甫, 宗志勇. 疫情時代的醫院感染預防與控制: 機遇與挑戰. 華西醫學, 2022, 37(3): 321-325.
15.	程棣妍, 喬甫. 世界衛生組織《感染預防與控制專業人員核心能力》實踐路徑. 華西醫學, 2023, 38(3): 326-337.
16.	Choi J. Development of a competency for infection control nurses in Korea. Am J Infect Control, 2020, 48(Suppl 8): S36.
17.	張發濱, 謝意蘭, 韓曉東. 廣東省 833 家二級以上醫療機構感染防控專職人員隊伍建設情況及對策. 現代醫院, 2023, 23(11): 1753-1756.
18.	陳相龍. 感控管理待加磅. 中國醫院院長, 2020(15): 45-46.
19.	孫慧, 姜亦虹, 周玨. 江蘇省 102 所中醫醫院感染管理資源配置現狀調查. 吉林醫學, 2020, 41(2): 505-508, 511.
20.	張志剛, 魏秋霞, 楊致霈, 等. 陜西省中醫醫療機構醫院感染管理專職人員工作倦怠現狀分析. 職業與健康, 2020, 36(13): 1729-1731, 1735.
21.	劉波, 張永祥, 陳文森, 等. 江蘇醫院感染領域醫師職稱晉升的探索與嘗試. 中華醫院感染學雜志, 2017, 27(14): 3143-3146.
22.	張孟媛, 張瑤, 粟小燕, 等. 2020 年四川省市級疾控機構衛生應急管理人員業務能力調查. 職業衛生與病傷, 2023, 38(4): 255-260.
23.	陳旭東, 段靜琰. 對深化云南省醫療衛生事業單位專業技術崗位設置與管理改革的思考. 中國人事科學, 2022(3): 11-24.
24.	Chen N, Li S, Kuang Z, et al. Identifying a competency improvement strategy for infection prevention and control professionals: a rapid systematic review and cluster analysis. Health Care Sci, 2024, 3(1): 53-66.
25.	楊亞, 班海群, 高曉東, 等. 2021 年上海市醫院感染管理科主任崗位勝任力現狀及其影響因素. 中華醫院感染學雜志, 2023, 33(18): 2870-2874.
26.	Zhang P, Tang L. Current status of infection control professionals in a Chinese city. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2019, 40(8): 949-950.
27.	Clifford RJ, Newhart D, Laguio-Vila MR, et al. Infection preventionist staffing levels and rates of 10 types of healthcare-associated infections: a 9-year ambidirectional observation. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2022, 43(11): 1641-1646.

1. Kubde D, Badge AK, Ugemuge S, et al. Importance of hospital infection control. Cureus, 2023, 15(12): e50931.
2. Lemiech-Mirowska E, Kiersnowska ZM, Michalkiewicz M, et al. Nosocomial infections as one of the most important problems of healthcare system. Ann Agric Environ Med, 2021, 28(3): 361-366.
3. Zong Z, Wu A, Hu B. Infection control in the era of antimicrobial resistance in China: progress, challenges, and opportunities. Clin Infect Dis, 2020, 71(Suppl 4): S372-S378.
4. Russo A, Fusco P, Morrone HL, et al. New advances in management and treatment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 2023, 21(1): 41-55.
5. Chala B, Hamde F. Emerging and re-emerging vector-borne infectious diseases and the challenges for control: a review. Front Public Health, 2021, 9: 715759.
6. 楊亞紅, 張浩軍, 朱騰飛, 等. 甘肅省 44 家醫療機構醫院感染管理工作現狀調查. 中國護理管理, 2022, 22(2): 281-285.
7. 楊璐, 余旭霞, 朱越獻, 等. 浙江省 68 所中醫醫療機構感控專職人員現狀調查. 中醫藥管理雜志, 2024, 32(6): 28-32.
8. 國務院應對新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情聯防聯控機制綜合組. 關于進一步做好常態化疫情防控下醫療機構感染防控工作的通知. 中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會公報, 2020(12): 271-273.
9. 國務院應對新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情聯防聯控機制綜合組. 關于進一步加強醫療機構感控人員配備管理相關工作的通知. 中華人民共和國國家衛生健康委員會公報, 2021(8): 10-11.
10. 史慶豐, 胡必杰, 高曉東, 等. 我國醫院感染管理人員崗位勝任力研究綜述. 上海預防醫學, 2024, 36(5): 511-515.
11. 石磊, 高曉東, 胡必杰, 等. 上海市醫院感染專職人員職稱晉升現狀調查. 中華醫院感染學雜志, 2022, 32(8): 1253-1256.
12. Dhar S, Sandhu AL, Valyko A, et al. Strategies for effective infection prevention programs: structures, processes, and funding. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 2021, 35(3): 531-551.
13. 曾欣, 張慧, 李春燕, 等. 后疫情時代高校醫院感染管理人才培養初探. 現代預防醫學, 2022, 49(24): 4533-4536.
14. 喬甫, 宗志勇. 疫情時代的醫院感染預防與控制: 機遇與挑戰. 華西醫學, 2022, 37(3): 321-325.
15. 程棣妍, 喬甫. 世界衛生組織《感染預防與控制專業人員核心能力》實踐路徑. 華西醫學, 2023, 38(3): 326-337.
16. Choi J. Development of a competency for infection control nurses in Korea. Am J Infect Control, 2020, 48(Suppl 8): S36.
17. 張發濱, 謝意蘭, 韓曉東. 廣東省 833 家二級以上醫療機構感染防控專職人員隊伍建設情況及對策. 現代醫院, 2023, 23(11): 1753-1756.
18. 陳相龍. 感控管理待加磅. 中國醫院院長, 2020(15): 45-46.
19. 孫慧, 姜亦虹, 周玨. 江蘇省 102 所中醫醫院感染管理資源配置現狀調查. 吉林醫學, 2020, 41(2): 505-508, 511.
20. 張志剛, 魏秋霞, 楊致霈, 等. 陜西省中醫醫療機構醫院感染管理專職人員工作倦怠現狀分析. 職業與健康, 2020, 36(13): 1729-1731, 1735.
21. 劉波, 張永祥, 陳文森, 等. 江蘇醫院感染領域醫師職稱晉升的探索與嘗試. 中華醫院感染學雜志, 2017, 27(14): 3143-3146.
22. 張孟媛, 張瑤, 粟小燕, 等. 2020 年四川省市級疾控機構衛生應急管理人員業務能力調查. 職業衛生與病傷, 2023, 38(4): 255-260.
23. 陳旭東, 段靜琰. 對深化云南省醫療衛生事業單位專業技術崗位設置與管理改革的思考. 中國人事科學, 2022(3): 11-24.
24. Chen N, Li S, Kuang Z, et al. Identifying a competency improvement strategy for infection prevention and control professionals: a rapid systematic review and cluster analysis. Health Care Sci, 2024, 3(1): 53-66.
25. 楊亞, 班海群, 高曉東, 等. 2021 年上海市醫院感染管理科主任崗位勝任力現狀及其影響因素. 中華醫院感染學雜志, 2023, 33(18): 2870-2874.
26. Zhang P, Tang L. Current status of infection control professionals in a Chinese city. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2019, 40(8): 949-950.
27. Clifford RJ, Newhart D, Laguio-Vila MR, et al. Infection preventionist staffing levels and rates of 10 types of healthcare-associated infections: a 9-year ambidirectional observation. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2022, 43(11): 1641-1646.

West China Medical Journal

Investigation and analysis of difficulties in nosocomial infection management in medical institutions of Shanghai

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