Non-surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

MA Siming ¹ ,  WANG Liancheng ²

1. Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China;
2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300202, P. R. China;

Corresponding?author：

WANG Liancheng, Email: cmoweb@126.com

Keywords：

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Non-surgical treatment; Rehabilitation

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201912234

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis refers to a three-dimensional spinal deformity or structural change that occurs in adolescence. The rotation of the vertebral body is greater than or equal to 10°. In order to avoid affecting the physical and mental health of patients, appropriate intervention and treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis should be carried out as soon as possible. Based on the summary of non-surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at home and abroad, this paper systematically introduces the mainstream early non-surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, including observation and follow-up, electrical stimulation therapy, Chinese traditional chiropractic techniques, massage and manual reduction, functional training and exercise therapy, traction therapy and brace therapy, in order to provide a reference for the possible treatment research direction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the future.

Citation： MA Siming, WANG Liancheng. Non-surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. West China Medical Journal, 2020, 35(10): 1252-1256. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201912234 Copy

1.	Kostuik JP. The history of spinal deformity. Spine Deform, 2015, 3(5): 417-425.
2.	Zheng Y, Dang Y, Wu X, et al. Epidemiological study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Eastern China. J Rehabil Med, 2017, 49(6): 512-519.
3.	王剛, 董寶強, 黃河清, 等. 青少年特發性脊柱側凸的發病機制淺析. 現代中西醫結合雜志, 2016, 25(31): 3532-3534.
4.	Grauers A, Einarsdottir E, Gerdhem P. Genetics and pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2016, 11: 45.
5.	Yagi M, Machida M, Asazuma T. Pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. JBJS Rev, 2014, 2(1): 01874474-201401000-00004.
6.	楊依林, 趙檢, 邵杰, 等. 前庭反射異常與青少年特發性脊柱側彎關系的研究進展. 海南醫學院學報, 2017, 23(1): 142-144.
7.	Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, et al. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2018, 13: 3.
8.	Anwer S, Alghadir A, Abu Shaphe M, et al. Effects of exercise on spinal deformities and quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 123848.
9.	Wang J, Zhang J, Xu R, et al. Measurement of scoliosis Cobb angle by end vertebra tilt angle method. J Orthop Surg Res, 2018, 13(1): 223.
10.	Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2001, 83(8): 1169-1181.
11.	Hoashi JS, Cahill PJ, Bennett JT, et al. Adolescent scoliosis classification and treatment. Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2013, 24(2): 173-183.
12.	Gomez JA, Hresko MT, Glotzbecker MP. Nonsurgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2016, 24(8): 555-64.
13.	Bunnell WP. An objective criterion for scoliosis screening. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1984, 66(9): 1381-1387.
14.	任玉紅, 乙廣賢, 扈盛. 青少年特發性脊柱側彎篩查方法的比較. 湖北體育科技, 2018, 37(10): 893-895, 936.
15.	Jiang J, Meng Y, Jin X, et al. Volumetric and fatty infiltration imbalance of deep paravertebral muscles in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Med Sci Monit, 2017, 23: 2089-2095.
16.	Kim DH, Yoo WG. Effects of manual therapy with functional electrical stimulation on scoliosis curve in children with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci, 2018, 30(8): 1124-1125.
17.	景小棠. 輕度脊柱側彎的電刺激矯正. 中國康復, 1988(4): 180-183.
18.	李連泰, 張樹峰, 佟繼銘. 非手術方法治療青少年特發性脊柱側彎的國內研究進展. 中國婦幼健康研究, 2016, 27(S2): 531-532.
19.	葉啟彬. 脊柱側彎的預防及治療. 北京: 北京醫科大學/中國協和醫科大學聯合出版社, 1993: 32-36.
20.	Machacek F, Neugebauer H, Kabas B. Treatment of scoliosis with lateral electric surface stimulation. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 1987, 125(2): 125-128.
21.	魏新春, 周云, 吳建賢, 等. 多通道功能性電刺激在臨床康復中的應用及研究進展. 中國康復, 2019, 34(6): 333-336.
22.	羅義玲, 覃遵濤. 正脊術治療青少年特發性脊柱側彎的臨床療效. 中國醫藥導刊, 2016, 18(8): 770-771.
23.	陳濤, 王遵來, 張盼, 等. 三小定點整脊術治療青少年特發性脊柱側彎. 吉林中醫藥, 2018, 38(6): 717-719.
24.	羅雪梅, 黃任秀, 胡怡佳, 等. 青少年特發性脊柱側凸的三維推拿治療. 按摩與康復醫學, 2018, 9(13): 32-33.
25.	陳玉華, 盧松. 青少年特發性脊柱側彎的推拿研究進展. 湖北理工學院學報, 2018, 34(4): 56-59.
26.	Lotan S, Kalichman L. Manual therapy treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2019, 23(1): 189-193.
27.	Czaprowski D. Manual therapy in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Analysis of current knowledge. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2016, 18(5): 409-424.
28.	Zapata KA, Sucato DJ, Jo CH. Physical therapy scoliosis-specific exercises may reduce curve progression in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves. Pediatr Phys Ther, 2019, 31(3): 280-285.
29.	袁望舒, 沈建雄, 陳麗霞, 等. 脊柱側凸特定性訓練對輕度青少年特發性脊柱側凸的治療價值. 協和醫學雜志, 2020, 11(1): 40-44.
30.	Gao C, Zheng Y, Fan C, et al. Could the clinical effectiveness be improved under the integration of orthotic intervention and scoliosis-specific exercise in managing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?: a randomized controlled trial study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2019, 98(8): 642-648.
31.	傅濤, 厲彥虎. 功能性康復訓練改善青少年特發性脊柱側彎的研究. 中國組織工程研究, 2017, 21(28): 4462-4468.
32.	Sarkisova N, Andras LM, Yang J, et al. Side plank pose exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Glob Adv Health Med, 2019, 8: 2164956119887720.
33.	田飛, 丁桃, 閆博, 等. 運動療法治療青少年特發性脊柱側彎研究進展. 中國康復, 2017, 32(5): 425-427.
34.	徐貝宇, 孫浩林, 李淳德. 頭盆環牽引在重度脊柱畸形矯形治療中的應用. 中華骨與關節外科雜志, 2019, 12(11): 910-914, 928.
35.	王增平, 薛文, 王中華, 等. Halo-頭盆環牽引聯合Ⅱ期矯形治療重度僵硬性脊柱側彎. 中國骨傷, 2020, 33(2): 106-110.
36.	Koptan W, ElMiligui Y. Three-staged correction of severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis using limited halo-gravity traction. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(6): 1091-1098.
37.	隋文淵, 劉瀚忠, 張偉, 等. Halo 重力牽引對伴呼吸功能障礙的重度僵硬性脊柱畸形青少年患者肺功能的影響. 中華骨與關節外科雜志, 2019, 12(1): 30-34.
38.	Iyer S, Duah HO, Wulff I, et al. The use of halo gravity traction in the treatment of severe early onset spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2019, 44(14): E841-E845.
39.	Lou EH, Hill DL, Raso JV, et al. How quantity and quality of brace wear affect the brace treatment outcomes for AIS. Eur Spine J, 2016, 25(2): 495-499.
40.	Zaina F, Negrini S, Atanasio S, et al. Specific exercises performed in the period of brace weaning can avoid loss of correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients: winner of SOSORT’s 2008 award for best clinical paper. Scoliosis, 2009, 4: 8.
41.	Karol LA, Virostek D, Felton K, et al. Effect of compliance counseling on brace use and success in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2016, 98(1): 9-14.
42.	Thompson RM, Hubbard EW, Jo CH, et al. Brace success is related to curve type in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2017, 99(11): 923-928.
43.	Lou E, Hill D, Parent E, et al. Prediction of curve progression for AIS patients treated with a TLSO brace. Scoliosis, 2009, 4(Suppl 2): 1.
44.	Wong MS, Cheng JC, Lam TP, et al. The effect of rigid versus flexible spinal orthosis on the clinical efficacy and acceptance of the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2008, 33(12): 1360-1365.
45.	Kalichman L, Kendelker L, Bezalel T. Bracing and exercise-based treatment for idiopathic scoliosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2016, 20(1): 56-64.
46.	杜青, 周璇, 勵建安, 等. 青少年特發性脊柱側凸改良色努支具應用研究. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2014, 22(9): 779-782.
47.	Théroux J, Stomski N, Innes S, et al. Revisiting the psychometric properties of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) French version. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2017, 12: 21.
48.	Pu Chu EC, Kai Huang KH. Bridging the gap between observation and brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Family Med Prim Care, 2017, 6(2): 447-449.
49.	Misterska E, G?owacki J, Okr?t A, et al. Back and neck pain and function in females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a follow-up at least 23 years after conservative treatment with a Milwaukee brace. PLoS One, 2017, 12(12): e0189358.
50.	Pasquini G, Cecchi F, Bini C, et al. The outcome of a modified version of the Cheneau brace in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) based on SRS and SOSORT criteria: a retrospective study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2016, 52(5): 618-629.

1. Kostuik JP. The history of spinal deformity. Spine Deform, 2015, 3(5): 417-425.
2. Zheng Y, Dang Y, Wu X, et al. Epidemiological study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Eastern China. J Rehabil Med, 2017, 49(6): 512-519.
3. 王剛, 董寶強, 黃河清, 等. 青少年特發性脊柱側凸的發病機制淺析. 現代中西醫結合雜志, 2016, 25(31): 3532-3534.
4. Grauers A, Einarsdottir E, Gerdhem P. Genetics and pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2016, 11: 45.
5. Yagi M, Machida M, Asazuma T. Pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. JBJS Rev, 2014, 2(1): 01874474-201401000-00004.
6. 楊依林, 趙檢, 邵杰, 等. 前庭反射異常與青少年特發性脊柱側彎關系的研究進展. 海南醫學院學報, 2017, 23(1): 142-144.
7. Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, et al. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2018, 13: 3.
8. Anwer S, Alghadir A, Abu Shaphe M, et al. Effects of exercise on spinal deformities and quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 123848.
9. Wang J, Zhang J, Xu R, et al. Measurement of scoliosis Cobb angle by end vertebra tilt angle method. J Orthop Surg Res, 2018, 13(1): 223.
10. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, et al. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2001, 83(8): 1169-1181.
11. Hoashi JS, Cahill PJ, Bennett JT, et al. Adolescent scoliosis classification and treatment. Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2013, 24(2): 173-183.
12. Gomez JA, Hresko MT, Glotzbecker MP. Nonsurgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2016, 24(8): 555-64.
13. Bunnell WP. An objective criterion for scoliosis screening. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1984, 66(9): 1381-1387.
14. 任玉紅, 乙廣賢, 扈盛. 青少年特發性脊柱側彎篩查方法的比較. 湖北體育科技, 2018, 37(10): 893-895, 936.
15. Jiang J, Meng Y, Jin X, et al. Volumetric and fatty infiltration imbalance of deep paravertebral muscles in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Med Sci Monit, 2017, 23: 2089-2095.
16. Kim DH, Yoo WG. Effects of manual therapy with functional electrical stimulation on scoliosis curve in children with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci, 2018, 30(8): 1124-1125.
17. 景小棠. 輕度脊柱側彎的電刺激矯正. 中國康復, 1988(4): 180-183.
18. 李連泰, 張樹峰, 佟繼銘. 非手術方法治療青少年特發性脊柱側彎的國內研究進展. 中國婦幼健康研究, 2016, 27(S2): 531-532.
19. 葉啟彬. 脊柱側彎的預防及治療. 北京: 北京醫科大學/中國協和醫科大學聯合出版社, 1993: 32-36.
20. Machacek F, Neugebauer H, Kabas B. Treatment of scoliosis with lateral electric surface stimulation. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 1987, 125(2): 125-128.
21. 魏新春, 周云, 吳建賢, 等. 多通道功能性電刺激在臨床康復中的應用及研究進展. 中國康復, 2019, 34(6): 333-336.
22. 羅義玲, 覃遵濤. 正脊術治療青少年特發性脊柱側彎的臨床療效. 中國醫藥導刊, 2016, 18(8): 770-771.
23. 陳濤, 王遵來, 張盼, 等. 三小定點整脊術治療青少年特發性脊柱側彎. 吉林中醫藥, 2018, 38(6): 717-719.
24. 羅雪梅, 黃任秀, 胡怡佳, 等. 青少年特發性脊柱側凸的三維推拿治療. 按摩與康復醫學, 2018, 9(13): 32-33.
25. 陳玉華, 盧松. 青少年特發性脊柱側彎的推拿研究進展. 湖北理工學院學報, 2018, 34(4): 56-59.
26. Lotan S, Kalichman L. Manual therapy treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2019, 23(1): 189-193.
27. Czaprowski D. Manual therapy in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Analysis of current knowledge. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil, 2016, 18(5): 409-424.
28. Zapata KA, Sucato DJ, Jo CH. Physical therapy scoliosis-specific exercises may reduce curve progression in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves. Pediatr Phys Ther, 2019, 31(3): 280-285.
29. 袁望舒, 沈建雄, 陳麗霞, 等. 脊柱側凸特定性訓練對輕度青少年特發性脊柱側凸的治療價值. 協和醫學雜志, 2020, 11(1): 40-44.
30. Gao C, Zheng Y, Fan C, et al. Could the clinical effectiveness be improved under the integration of orthotic intervention and scoliosis-specific exercise in managing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?: a randomized controlled trial study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2019, 98(8): 642-648.
31. 傅濤, 厲彥虎. 功能性康復訓練改善青少年特發性脊柱側彎的研究. 中國組織工程研究, 2017, 21(28): 4462-4468.
32. Sarkisova N, Andras LM, Yang J, et al. Side plank pose exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Glob Adv Health Med, 2019, 8: 2164956119887720.
33. 田飛, 丁桃, 閆博, 等. 運動療法治療青少年特發性脊柱側彎研究進展. 中國康復, 2017, 32(5): 425-427.
34. 徐貝宇, 孫浩林, 李淳德. 頭盆環牽引在重度脊柱畸形矯形治療中的應用. 中華骨與關節外科雜志, 2019, 12(11): 910-914, 928.
35. 王增平, 薛文, 王中華, 等. Halo-頭盆環牽引聯合Ⅱ期矯形治療重度僵硬性脊柱側彎. 中國骨傷, 2020, 33(2): 106-110.
36. Koptan W, ElMiligui Y. Three-staged correction of severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis using limited halo-gravity traction. Eur Spine J, 2012, 21(6): 1091-1098.
37. 隋文淵, 劉瀚忠, 張偉, 等. Halo 重力牽引對伴呼吸功能障礙的重度僵硬性脊柱畸形青少年患者肺功能的影響. 中華骨與關節外科雜志, 2019, 12(1): 30-34.
38. Iyer S, Duah HO, Wulff I, et al. The use of halo gravity traction in the treatment of severe early onset spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2019, 44(14): E841-E845.
39. Lou EH, Hill DL, Raso JV, et al. How quantity and quality of brace wear affect the brace treatment outcomes for AIS. Eur Spine J, 2016, 25(2): 495-499.
40. Zaina F, Negrini S, Atanasio S, et al. Specific exercises performed in the period of brace weaning can avoid loss of correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients: winner of SOSORT’s 2008 award for best clinical paper. Scoliosis, 2009, 4: 8.
41. Karol LA, Virostek D, Felton K, et al. Effect of compliance counseling on brace use and success in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2016, 98(1): 9-14.
42. Thompson RM, Hubbard EW, Jo CH, et al. Brace success is related to curve type in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2017, 99(11): 923-928.
43. Lou E, Hill D, Parent E, et al. Prediction of curve progression for AIS patients treated with a TLSO brace. Scoliosis, 2009, 4(Suppl 2): 1.
44. Wong MS, Cheng JC, Lam TP, et al. The effect of rigid versus flexible spinal orthosis on the clinical efficacy and acceptance of the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2008, 33(12): 1360-1365.
45. Kalichman L, Kendelker L, Bezalel T. Bracing and exercise-based treatment for idiopathic scoliosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2016, 20(1): 56-64.
46. 杜青, 周璇, 勵建安, 等. 青少年特發性脊柱側凸改良色努支具應用研究. 中國矯形外科雜志, 2014, 22(9): 779-782.
47. Théroux J, Stomski N, Innes S, et al. Revisiting the psychometric properties of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) French version. Scoliosis Spinal Disord, 2017, 12: 21.
48. Pu Chu EC, Kai Huang KH. Bridging the gap between observation and brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Family Med Prim Care, 2017, 6(2): 447-449.
49. Misterska E, G?owacki J, Okr?t A, et al. Back and neck pain and function in females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a follow-up at least 23 years after conservative treatment with a Milwaukee brace. PLoS One, 2017, 12(12): e0189358.
50. Pasquini G, Cecchi F, Bini C, et al. The outcome of a modified version of the Cheneau brace in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) based on SRS and SOSORT criteria: a retrospective study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2016, 52(5): 618-629.

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